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Every Good Boy

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Submitted By GustavN
Words 452
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Syrestyrke

”S” er en betegnelse for en vilkårlig syre. Syrens styrke defineres ud fra:

Saq+H2Ol⇌Baq+H3O+(aq)

Hvis vi bruger ligevægtsloven og sætter vands stofmængdebrøk lig med 1, får vi:

B*[H3O+][S]=Ks

Ks kaldes syrens styrkekonstant. Da Ks er en ligevægtskonstant, er den naturligvis uafhængig af syrens koncentration i opløsningen. Ks er en (temperaturafhængig) stofkonstant. En syre med en meget lille Ks-værdi reagerer næsten ikke med vand. Ligevægten ligger i dette tilfælde langt mod venstre. En stærk syre har en meget stor Ks-værdi reager så godt som fuldstændig med vand, dvs. ligevægten ligger meget langt mod højre.

Opgave 36.

Syren med Ks=1,3*107 er den stærkeste

Opgave 37.

Syren med pKs=4,38 er den stærkeste

Opgave 38.

Den stærkeste syrer er: Ks=5,3*10-3

Opgave 39.

Når man snakker om en stærk eddikesyre snakker man om en koncentreret eddikesyre.

Opgave 40:

a) pH=-logcs=-log0,120=0,92 b)

pH=-logcs=-log2,5*10-3=2,60

Opgave 41:

For at beregne blandingens pH, skal vi først find stofmængden for begge syrer:

nHNO3=c*V=0,020 L*0,120molL=0,0024 mol

nHCl=c*V=0,080 L*2,5*10-3molL=0,0002 mol

Samlede stofmængdekoncentration:

ntotal=0,0024 mol+0,0002 mol=0,0026 mol
Vtotal=0,020 L+0,080 L=0,100 L

ctotal=ntotalVtotal=0,0026 mol0,100 L=0,026molL

pHtotal=-log0,026=1,59

Opgave 42:

H3O+=10-pH=10-2,3=0,005molL

Volumen fortyndes 4 gange, dvs. At koncentrationen bliver 4 gange mindre.

H30fortynding+0,005molL4=0,00125molL

pHtotal=-log0,00125=2,90

Opgave 43:

H2SO4aq+H2Ol→HSO4-aq+H3O+(aq)

Da reaktionspilen er mod højre, betyder det at H2SO4 er reageret fuldstændigt, dvs. At H3O+=1,0molL

Opgave 42
En opløsning af HCl i vand har pH-værdien 2,3. Der tilsættes 75 mL rent
Vand til 25 mL af denne opløsning. Find pH.
[H3O+] = 10-pH = 10-2,3 = 0,005 mol
I og med at koncentrationen fortyndes 4 gange bliver koncentrationen 4 gange mindre.
[H3O+]fortyndet = 0,005 mol / 4 = 0,00125 M pHfortyndet = -log(0,00125) = 2,9 pH

Opgave 43 A) [H3O+] = 0,10 M pH = -log(0,10) = 1,0 pH Her regnes H2SO4 som en monohydron syre. B) [H3O+] = 2,0 * 10-4 M pH = -log(2,0*10-4) = 3,7 pH
Her regnes H2SO4 som en dihydron syre.

Opgave 43 A) [H3O+] = 0,10 M pH = -log(0,10) = 1,0 pH Her regnes H2SO4 som en monohydron syre. B) [H3O+] = 2,0 * 10-4 M pH = -log(2,0*10-4) = 3,7 pH
Her regnes H2SO4 som en dihydron syre.

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