...defense was defending personal freedom and democracy while the prosecution imposed on these values. In the end, even though John Scopes and his defense team lost the trial, they won in the long run by influencing decisions made in the future regarding free speech in the classroom and what teachers were required to teach. Many people had intense feelings for the Scopes Trial. These feelings and concern people had for the trial made it one of the most famous trials in America. Some people simplified the trial to Darwin vs. the Bible. This issue made the Scopes trial a large concern to many because Darwin undermined the literal reading of the bible. Darwin's theory of evolution more specifically struck at two major parts of the Bible, the seven days of creation story, and the story of Adam and Eve and how they were the first humans on earth. Many people also considered Darwin's theory to be a "moral outrage" because of how the process of natural selection worked. For natural selection to occur, the unfit of the species were killed off in extremely large numbers. With this information, Darwin was suggesting that "nature revealed a God who was cruel and wasteful or absent altogether." This particular notion created strong opposition to Darwin's theory because of the possibility that there is no God, or if there is, God is cruel because of all the death that God let happen. The contradictions to the bible by Darwin's theory of evolution led to a clash of beliefs between Modernist...
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...the growth and spread of a global culture, globalization is seen both as a positive and as a negative trend. What are the main features of globalization, what are the future possibilities, and how will globalization have an effect upon your individual life? Outline “Nothing will be done anymore without the whole world meddling in it.” Paul Valéry The History of Globalization Positive Images of Globalization Imbalance, Diversity, and Conflict: The Problems of Globalization Global Tensions, Challenges, and Evolution for the Future Howard Bloom – The Deep History of Globalization – Reciprocity and Conquest Global Communication and Networking of Life Global Expansion of Humanity Emergence of Cities and Trade Routes Reciprocity and Conquest Robert Wright The Evolution of Win-Win Reciprocities in Human History The Expansion of Economic Interdependencies and Exchange The Expansion of Communication Networks Cumulative Evolution of Civilizations John Naisbitt Globalization and Individualism Increasing International Trade and Commerce Free Enterprise International Corporations Overturning National Economies Global Marketplace Global Tele-Communication World Wide Monitoring Global Citizens Global Media Intercultural Mixing Global Empowerment of Individual Peter Schwartz The Long...
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...Communications 275 Exam 1 Study Guide Key terms Lecture 1: * Key celebrants and skeptics * Key celebrant and skeptic terms * Cognitive surplus * Collective intelligence * Filter Bubble * Internet Paradox * Flight from conversation * Plasticity of Brains * Relationship between capitalism and democracy * Three main approaches to the political economy of the media Lecture 2: * Four great communication revolutions * Evolution and history of early Homo Saipan species * Common ancestor * Eight major developments in evolution * Third chimpanzee * Importance of Fire * Great Leap Forward * Surplus definition and importance to civilizations * Pre-Capitalist society surplus * C-M-C * Important developments of the Age of Kleptocracy * Second great communication revolution * Where it did and didn’t develop and why * Importance to society * Greek philosophers * Feudalism * Importance of 1492 and new world discovery * Third great communication revolution * Products of the revolution Lecture 3: * The catechism of capitalism * Change in the economic equation from feudalism to capitalism * Mindsets of society under feudalism * Mercantilism * Industrial capitalism equation * M-C…p…C1-M1 * Characteristics of the equation * Three Iron laws of Capitalism * Externalities *...
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...the role and nature of political culture. The three major influences that this paper will discuss are socio-economic development, cultural evolution political experience in Ireland. The notion of political culture is how people view the political system as a whole. It is the way in which people respond and act towards the political system. Pye (1995 p.965) defines political culture as “the sum of the fundamental values, sentiments and knowledge that give form and substance to political processes”. Heywood’s view on political culture is that it is ‘the pattern of orientations to political objects such as parties, government, the constitution, expressed beliefs, symbols and values. Political culture differs from public opinion in that it is fashioned out of long-term values rather than simply people’s reactions to specific policies and problems’ (Heywood, 2002: 200). The process through which we learn about politics and how our political attitudes and values can be influenced is through political socialization. The main agents of political socialization are the family, education, mass media and the government. Two American scholars, Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, studied political culture and published a book a book of their studies, ‘The Civic Culture’. Its purpose was to identify the political culture within which a liberal democracy was most likely to survive and develop. Almond and Verba (1989) identified three pure types of political culture the parochial, subject and...
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...Media in the 20th Century John D. Allmon COM/156 March 3, 2013 Carey Rodriquez ------------------------------------------------- Media in the 20th Century I. To fully understand mass media, we need to come to grips with the enormous role that mass media has played in shaping that culture over the past one hundred years. With the development and evolution of mass media, there have been tremendous advantages and disadvantages that have contributed to major changes in society throughout the 20th century. However, these changes not only affect society but it has also affected the way business is done today. With the dawn of media convergence, globalization of media, audience dependency, concentration of ownership, and issue of media literacy; all the parties in the mass communication process are forced to think dramatically about their positions in it. Mass media can affect knowledge, attitudes, opinions and behavior of individuals. These effects can be immediate or delayed, for a short duration or long-lasting. II. With the development and evolution of media, we find that media convergence and media dependency have become a major factor in how society is affected and the way we respond throughout our everyday life. Encyclopedia Britannica (2013) states that, “Media convergence, a phenomenon involving the interlocking of computing, and technology information companies, telecommunications networks, and content providers from the publishing worlds of newspapers...
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...current revolutions, more specifically the final stages of the process now taking place in Russia and China. One word of caution, however: these are likely trends, not absolute certainties. Outside events (e.g., a major war) and other historical forces unique to Russia and China respectively, could divert events in a very different direction from what is indicated here. Still, this pattern generally holds up and should serve as a guide in how we deal with nations still undergoing this process. That being said, following is a comparison of the French Revolution, which after 82 years finally reached a stable democratic form of government by 1871, and the Russian Revolution, which after 92 years is presumably in its final stage of evolution toward democracy. Forces leading to revolution Both countries shared three elements that helped lead to war: 1) Both regimes were burdened by heavy debts incurred from wars. In France’s case, this was the debt incurred by its support of the American Revolution. For Russia, this was the even higher cost in lives and money suffered during the first three years of World War I....
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...Francis Fukuyama. The end of the Cold War as the end of history. Introduction. The specifics of the international situation after the Cold War. Since 1985, the world is going through an amazing evolution. The interdependence emerged and has become a reality of understanding of all processes in the world. Peace, freedom, human rights, social security, democracy have taken place of those values, because of which the major battles were unfold in the international arena and within countries. Overnight concepts collapsed that before seemed unshakable. In this case, not only the political picture of the world changed . At large numbers of people in different countries sense of global community, solidarity, public interest, human intimacy has been strengthened . Not surprisingly, that the rapid evolution of the global situation, the collapse of the bipolar system and fade into the background of ideological aspects confused scientists specializing in political predictions. Now, it is necessary not only to explain the reasons which led to the formation of new political realities after the "cold war", but also suggest new approaches and concepts on the basis of which it was possible to trace the dynamics of international relations in a changing world. Francis Fukuyama, his works and intepretations. Francis Fukuyama - known American political scientist and geopolitician. He received a bachelor's degree from Cornell University (New York), then - PhD in political science from...
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...They brought alcohol, guns, and horses. By bringing these new changes it was a way to effectively change their ways. Guns changed their ways of hunting for food. Due to these changes, some of these groups moved which led them to having little or no food. The evolution of the socio-political milieu during the colonial period, including Protestant Christianity’s impact on colonial social life. 1600-1700’s Emergence of local governing bodies (The House of Burgesses in VA) Official churches by state (Maryland was Catholic; Southern colonies tended to be proprietary, they were Anglican. Northern colonies were established for religious freedom; Puritans in New England, Baptists in Rhode Island; Quakers in Pennsylvania) Minority Christian sects and Jews were targeted in places like New England and the South (Quakers in Virginia; Anne Hutchinson in Massachusetts). The effects of the Seven Years’ War. 1756-1763 The British endured many defeats against the French as well as Native American Alliances. France’s colleagues in Europe made other arrangements for peace with Prussia, or they had already been beaten. The war ended with the signing of the treaties of Hubertusburg and Paris. The evolution of the concept...
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...Universitas Nasional, Jakarta) For the 10th Biennial Convention of PACA 2014 on June 24-26, 2014, at UNPAD, Bandung Backgrounds The understanding of creating an applicative and qualitative public policy products need revealed the phenomenon of the democracy implication that will represented in dialectic communication (public sphere) by “Political Community”(Habermas, 1992). MARKET [Civil Society (Organizations) & Private Sectors] Political Organization (Legislative) Product Organization (Government) Data of Civil Society Organizations (CSO) These platforms came from the several problems that causes the CSO development did not go well. Those issues related to the large numbers of CSOs in Indonesia, according to Kesbangpol (Nation Union & Political) of Ministry of Home Affairs Data showed that CSOs number in Indonesia reached to 139.957 CSOs, which are: Number of CSO 65.577 25.406 Registered at: Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Social Services 48.866 108 (Foreign NGO) Ministry of Justice & Human Right Ministry of Foreign Affairs Backgrounds Civil Society Organizations represent majority of society voices. Civil Society Organizations as a social control power in policy, in regulation, in the life of democracy. Parallel activities among Civil Society Organizations and Media can provide the transform of the social politic condition (to reach the civil society independency and the elites as well). CSO Problem Definitions The problems that interface Indonesia...
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...Timeline Part I NOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the "Example Timeline Matrix" document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 1 assignment entitled, “Timeline Part I.” NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and concise manner. Limit your submission of the Timeline Part I up to 250 words per topic/subtopic. For example, if a topic is divided into 3 subtopics, you may write a maximum of 250 per subtopic listed. Be sure to cite all sources. Major Event/Epoch in American History | Time Period/Date(s) | Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to colonization. | 1200-1900 C.E. | The Algonquian were the first to encounter the Europeans. They lived on the Atlantic coast and hunted and fished for their foods and lived in wigwams in the summer but lived in closer areas in the winter and basically relied on what was stocked up to live on. The Anasazi lived in the Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico area and were great at trading between the tribes. They made fabrics, baskets and art made of stone. They were farmers and grew crops and lived off the land with livestock plus they were astronomers...
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...Timeline Part I NOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the "Example Timeline Matrix" document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 1 assignment entitled, “Timeline Part I.”NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE:Please write your answers in a clear and concise manner. Limit your submission of the Timeline Part I up to 250 words per topic/subtopic. For example, if a topic is divided into 3 subtopics, you may write a maximum of 250 per subtopic listed. Be sure to cite all sources. Major Event/Epoch in American History | Time Period/Date(s) | Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to colonization. | 1200-1900 | The Anasazi, the Iroquois and the Algonkians all inhabited parts of the US prior to colonization. The Anasazi had much of the Southwest like Arizona and New Mexico. The Iroquois were very large and were actually divided into many different nations with different traditions and dialects. Lastly, the Algonkians were proficient in both hunting as well as other agricultural activities. | 2) The effects of British colonization on the Native Americans. | 17th Century | At first, the British were not a threat because they...
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...(2005-2007), and World Bank Development Indicators. Developments in average national happiness have been compared with the economic (GDP, optimism concerning the level of living) and political (satisfaction with democracy) trends on the same time span. In all the studied societies, trends were positive after 2001. Eastern European countries showed higher increases in GNI per capita and also life satisfaction than in the rest of European Union. Those who started with lower levels increased more, strongly suggesting a possibility of convergence. A non-economic factor, satisfaction with democracy, mediates the influence of GNI on life satisfaction. Overall, access of Eastern European countries in European Union seems to be a success story, from both economic and non-economic points of view. However, the economic crisis may change the prognosis, raising the issue of sustainability of growth in happiness levels. Keywords: subjective well-being; economic development; Post-socialist countries; GDP JEL: D31, D60, I31, O52, P2 Ten of the post-communist countries entered EU in 2004 and 2007. Citizens of these states are the poorest and, with some exceptions, the unhappiest in the EU. Specialists vary according to the prospects for their future evolution (in both objective and subjective terms). The optimists predict a large-scale and...
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...Comparison and Contrast between the Evolution of Democracy in Iran and Turkey, from 1900 to the Present. Name: Institution: Date: Please write on top of each of your exams its exact title as its appear below, making sure your answers are itemized (i.e., answer the points ONE BY ONE, and not combine them). ITEMIZE YOUR ANSWERS Mid Term Exam Compare and contrast the evolution of democracy in Iran and Turkey, from 1900 to present. In process of writing your exam, you must provide the following A history of democratization process in (1) Iran (two pages) Comparison and Contrast between the Evolution of Democracy in Iran and Turkey, from 1900 to the Present A History of Democratization Process in Iran Iran has had some important movements that lead towards democracy from the year 1900 to present. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Iran experienced protests and disagreements against the foreign intervention and Qajar. Patriotic opinions of the religious classes established a Constitutional Movement that took place from 1905 to 1911. An alliance consisting of ulama bazaaris and fellow thinkers forced Qajar Shah to pass a constitution to enact a parliament 1906. The introduction of the constitution limited the absolutist rule powers. After the discovery of oil in 1908 in Britain, Qajar Shah Position and military power weakened. Some artists were in Europe to study and master academic paintings and upon their return; they found fine arts academies (Arjomand, 2008). During the...
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...opinions and views A thesis with an annotated bibliography Even though monarch is one-man rule, but people prefer democracy over monarchy because, it’s the people’s opinion that creates democracy, democracy does justice to all and it reduces the risk of new oppressed coming up. Large, Stephen S. Monumenta Nipponica 57.2 (2002): 239-42. Web. Stephen S. Monumenta Nipponica is a book that shows the history of the Japanese Emperor and the monarch rule of the ancient times and the circumstances and Situations people were put into and compares it with the democracy of the present Time world in Japan. Cannon, John. The English Historical Review 122.497 (2007): 804-05. Web. The English Historical Review by Cannon. John describes about the modern world Democracy and explains its advantages. “democracy cannot possibly mean that people will rule themselves. There is no conceivable mechanism that would achieve such a thing, it does mean that people have at least some choice of their rulers, and some slight influence over them.” LOCKHART, Bruce M. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 19.2 (2004): 308-12. Web. Bruce M. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia mainly focusses on Thailand’s political evolution since the FALL of the absolute monarchy in 1932. The author here is interested in the two institutions...
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...benefits of Democracy in China Introduction For Americans, "democracy" is a cherished and familiar word. Proud of their own democratic institutions, most Americans have felt freedom is not free and Democracy takes courage and effort within the whole country. But Democracy does not mean the same concept and advantages to all people everywhere; it changes each time it translates into a different language and cultural context. Democracy (translated into Chinese as " minzhu ," or "people-as-masters") is not a concept inherent in Chinese culture or political philosophy. In fact, it is in complete opposition to their own culture, which stresses harmony and obedience. But neither is democracy a concept that has just recently taken hold in the minds of Chinese youth who have seen the wonders of democracy in Western-style music and food. The Chinese democratic tradition was begun nearly one hundred years before the white plaster statue erected on Tiananmen Square attracted the attention of the world. In those hundred years, it has been the cause of rebellions, arrests, purges, and endless debate on the best way to understand and implement such a complex form of social organization. The power of the word "democracy" worked on Western viewers of the 1989 movement as well. Chinese students knew from experience that describing their struggle as a "democratic" one was the best way to win international sympathy in the industrialized West. The "Goddess of Democracy," although it...
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