...CHAPTER 2 FOREIGN LITERATURE “Electronic Voting Literature” Voting on the internet using PC's everyday offers only weak security, but its main disadvantages are in the areas of anonymity and protection against coercion and/or vote selling. The Presidential elections of 2000 brought national attention to problems with current American methods of casting and counting votes in public elections. Most people believe that the current system should be changed; there is much disagreement on how such changes should be made. Dr. Michael Shamos of CMU provides a sharp counterpoint [6] to Neumann and Mercuri's views. While his “Six Commandments” summary of requirements for a voting system is very similar to others' requirements, he's less afraid of the catastrophic failures and sweeping fraud made possible by imperfections in electronic voting machines actually occurring in a real election. Shamos is also much less impressed with paper ballots than are Neumann and Mercuri. He places a great deal of faith in decentralization to make fraud difficult to commit and easy to detect. Dr. Shamos even likes DRE machines. (We must take into account the fact that this paper was written ten years ago, long before the 2000 elections and before more modern mathematical results like Chaum's; some of Dr. Shamos' opinions may have changed since then. While Dr. Neumann's talk cited here is of similar age, his pessimism with regard to machines has had little reason for change.) Rebecca Mercuri invented...
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...CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth search done by the researchers. This will also present the synthesis of the art, theoretical and conceptual framework to fully understand the research to be done and lastly the definition of terms for better comprehension of the study. Related Literature All computer scientists who have done work in or are interested in electronic voting seem to agree that online voting does not meet the requirements for public elections and that the current widely-deployed voting systems need improvement. Voting on the Internet has disadvantages based on the areas of secrecy and protection against coercion and/or vote selling. It's such a truly bad idea that there seems to be no credible academic effort to deploy it at all. The Kenyan General elections of 2007 brought national attention to problems with current methods of casting and counting votes in public elections. Most people believe that the current system should be changed; there is much disagreement on how such changes should be made.c really can't trust any code which we did not create ourselves. Therefore, they tend to be extremely suspicious of proprietary voting machines and their makers who insist that we should “just trust [them].” Neumann gives a list of suggestions for "generic voting criteria" which suggests that a voting system should be so hard to tamper with and so resistant...
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...1 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Introduction Now more than ever, technology is changing on how we vote. Voting schemes have evolved from counting hands on early days to systems that includes papers, punch cards, mechanical levers and optical machines. Electronic voting systems provide some characteristic different from the traditional voting technique. As an effect of vast change in modern technology, several techniques in voting arises in order to solve various drawbacks like time consuming and large volume of paper works can be consumed. So the solutions are televoting, android phone voting and web voting. Televoting was also known as voting via SMS text messages. Mobile phone connects through GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) in which it searches for cells in the immediate vicinity. Televoting uses a format in which the public viewer follows and replies error whenever they send an invalid format. Like in a real television shows, televoting was a very common method that opens the public to vote its favorite contestant to remain and not to be evicted. The outcome will be decided by the number of votes in which a contestant garners. On the other hand, android phone voting and web voting has this similarity. Both use an internet in order to gain access and make vote counts. In web voting, it uses a browser to view the page and users just simply browse, follow some steps and vote, and if successful, the vote is counted. The most common method before a user...
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...Establishing Security Risks and Countermeasures for Large Scale Businesses Stephen Yopp 23 May 2014 ISSC-361 American Military University Establishing risks and countermeasures can be a complex procedure, even more so when protecting hundreds of systems from internal and external threats. Many tools exist to assist in implementing and scaling security operations. There are many assets that represent risks to businesses ranging from information systems to the data which is stored on them and therefore almost as many existing threats (Smith, 2013). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) describes 11 types of assets; people, organizations, systems, software, databases, networks, services, data, computing devices, circuits, and websites (Halberdier, Waltermire, and Wunder, 2011). This list is more extensive than the categories discussed, for the sake of brevity, but it might be helpful to enterprise employees seeking to identify different assets. Hardware represents a large investment for businesses. Servers, network devices, cables, workstations, and mobile devices can cost enterprise businesses millions of dollars up front. Because information systems are such an integral part of modern business, companies cannot afford to be without access to file and print servers or internet access. This means that the loss of hardware would represent setbacks in productivity, potential negative impacts to the organization’s reputation, and necessary additional...
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...June 1, 2014 Meira Kumar on her last day in office till the appointment of a Pro term Speaker for the Lok Sabha on 31 May 2014. Who was appointed as Lok Sabha’s Pro term Speaker? – Kamal Nath, the senior Congress leader (Kamal Nath is the senior-most leader of the Lok Sabha and has won from Chhindwara in Madhya Pradesh for the ninth time) 1) Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 31 May 2014 abolished all the Empowered Groups of Ministers (EGoMs) and Groups of Ministers (GoMs) and told Ministries and departments to take decisions on pending matters. How many EGoMs and GoMs were working on different issues that have now been abolished? – 30 (These include 9 EGoMs and 21 GoMs. These EGoMs and GoMs were constituted during the UPA regime of Manmohan Singh and were formed to take decisions on issues like corruption, inter-State water disputes, administrative reforms and gas and telecom pricing. EGoMs had the power to take decisions on the line of the Union Cabinet. The recommendations of the GoMs were placed before the Cabinet for a final call) 2) The Chief Executive of Lok Sabha Television (LSTV) Rajiv Mishra was sacked from his post by Meira Kumar, the Speaker of the 15th Lok Sabha, on 30 May 2014. This sacking was done by 3) India lost in its first tie of the 13th FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup that started from 31 May 2014. India lost to Belgium by 2-3 to start its campaign on a losing note. This World Cup is being held at – The Hague, Netherlands (The 13th FIH Men’s Hockey World Cup is...
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...Applying MESE processes to Improve Online E-Voting Prototype System with Paillier Threshold Cryptosystem Web Services Version 1.00 A project submitted to the Faculty of Graduate School, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Software Engineering Department of Computer Science Prepared by Hakan Evecek CS701 Dr. Chow Spring 2007 This project for the Masters of Engineering in Software Engineer degree by Hakan Evecek has been approved for the Department of Computer Science By _______________________________________________________ Dr. C. Edward Chow, Chair _______________________________________________________ Dr. Richard Weiner _______________________________________________________ Dr. Xiaobo Zhou Date Table of Contents Online E-Voting System Project Documentation 4 Abstract 6 1. Introduction 7 2. E-Voting System Related Literature 9 2.1. Public Key Cryptography 9 2.2. Homomorphic Encryption 10 2.3. Zero Knowledge Proofs 10 2.4. Threshold Cryptography 10 2.5. Cryptographic Voting Protocol 11 2.6. Issues in secure e-voting system 12 2.7. Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) 13 2.8. Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) 14 3. Online E-Voting System Project Description 17 3.1. Paillier Threshold...
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...BATA INDIA LIMITED (CIN: L19201WB1931PLC007261) Board of Directors Mr. Uday Khanna Chairman and Independent Director Mr. Rajeev Gopalakrishnan Managing Director Mr. Ranjit Mathur Director Finance Mr. Kumar Nitesh Managing Director - Retail (since May 21, 2014) Mr. Jack G. N. Clemons Non-Executive Director Mr. Jorge Carbajal Non-Executive Director Mr. Akshay Chudasama Independent Director Ms. Anjali Bansal Independent Director (since May 21, 2014) Mr. Ravi Dhariwal Independent Director (since May 27, 2015) Mr. Shaibal Sinha Non-Executive Director (since May 27, 2015) Mr. Atul Singh Independent Director (upto May 21, 2014) CONTENTS Page No. Notice 3-15 Financial Highlights 16-19 Directors’ Report 20-36 Extract of Annual Return-Form No. MGT-9 37-46 Report on Corporate Governance 47-62 Secretarial Audit Report-Form No. MR-3 63-65 Auditors’ Report Balance Sheet Statement of Profit and Loss Cash Flow Statement Notes to the Financial Statements Statement regarding Subsidiary Companies Share Price Movement (1985 to 2014-15) Auditors’ Report on the Consolidated Financial Statements Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Proxy Form 66-71 72 73 74-75 76-107 108-110 111 113 114-149 — Audit Committee Mr. Akshay Chudasama Chairman Mr. Uday Khanna Member Mr. Jack G. N. Clemons Member Mr. Jorge Carbajal Member Ms. Anjali Bansal Member (since May 21, 2014) Mr. Ravi Dhariwal Member (since May 27, 2015) Mr. ...
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...Annual Report 2014-15 Infosys Annual Report 2014-15 Narayana Murthy A tribute to our founders Nandan M. Nilekani S. Gopalakrishnan K. Dinesh The year 2014 was a milestone in our Company's history, when we bid farewell to three of our founders who held executive positions in the Company during the year – Narayana Murthy, S. Gopalakrishnan and S. D. Shibulal. Narayana Murthy stepped down as the Chairman of the Board on October 10, 2014. His vision, leadership and guidance have been an inspiration to Infosys, the Indian IT industry and an entire generation of technology entrepreneurs. He propelled the Company into accomplishing many firsts and in setting industry benchmarks on several fronts. He espoused the highest level of corporate governance standards that have defined Infosys over the years and made us a globally respected corporation. Between June 2013 and October 2014, he guided the Company through a period of stabilization and leadership transition. S. Gopalakrishnan stepped down as Vice Chairman of the Board on October 10, 2014. Kris, as he is popularly known, served the Company in several capacities over the last 33 years. As the Chief Executive Officer between 2007 and 2011, he steered the Company at a time when the world was faced with economic crises. Ranked as a global thought leader, Kris has led the technological evolution of the Company. S. D. Shibulal stepped down as the Company's Chief Executive Officer on July...
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...WWW.HUL.CO.IN Hindustan Unilever Limited Annual Report 2014-15 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON OUR ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCE, PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE: HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LIMITED Registered Office: Unilever House, B. D. Sawant Marg, Chakala, Andheri (East), Mumbai - 400 099 CIN : L15140MH1933PLC002030 HUL INVESTOR RELATIONS APP Scan the code given below to download the HUL Investor Relations App for iOS and Android MAKING SUSTAINABLE LIVING COMMONPLACE ANNUAL REPORT 2014-15 Awards and Recognition FINANCIAL YEAR 2014-15 SAW MANY SUCCESSES. SOME OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS ARE LISTED BELOW. 1 2 3 4 1 BrandZ TM Awards 2 ‘Client of the Year’ at Effies 3 Dun and Bradstreet Corporate Awards 4 Greentech Award OUR BRANDS • HUL was the No. 1 Indian company to feature on the Forbes list of the World’s Most Innovative Companies. • HUL’s mobile radio channel ‘Kan Khajura Tesan’ won three Gold Lions at the Cannes International Festival of Creativity. • Ten HUL brands featured in the first ever BrandZ™ Top 50 Most Valuable Indian Brands ranking. • The Kissanpur campaign won Silver at the Jay Chiat Strategic Excellence Awards 2014. • HUL was the ‘Client of the Year’ at Effies 2014 and ‘Media Client of the Year’ at Emvies 2014. OUR PEOPLE UNILEVER SUSTAINABLE LIVING PLAN (USLP) The USLP is our key differentiator. It is our blueprint to drive sustainable growth and has three big goals, i.e....
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...Contents Letter from the Chairman Operating Highlights Financial Highlights Corporate Information Notice of the 22nd Annual General Meeting Directors’ Report Management Discussion and Analysis Corporate Governance Report Auditors’ Report Balance Sheet Statement of Profit and Loss Cash Flow Statement Notes to the Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit and Loss Statement relating to Subsidiary Company Consolidtated Statement of Accounts Attendance Slip and Proxy 02 04 05 06 07 16 24 29 47 52 53 54 56 93 94 135 Letter from the Chairman Dear Shareholders, Financial Year 2013-14 was an exceptionally challenging one for the Indian aviation sector. The Indian economy recorded a lower GDP growth rate of 4.7%. Currency volatility and devaluation of the Indian Rupee further exacerbated the situation, leading to a drop in discretionary travel. Consequently, passenger load factors across our industry were under pressure and domestic passenger growth slowed to 4.8%. In this challenging environment, your Company managed to maintain revenues, though costs were hit due to depreciation of the Indian Rupee (of over 11%), higher aviation turbine fuel (“ATF”) rates and increased airport levies. Your Company has been consolidating its domestic network with a focus on strengthening its presence in key markets. Your Company has also been regularly adding international routes, besides embarking upon systematic improvement of its products across all classes of travel. Further, your Company has been strongly...
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...Contents Letter from the Chairman 02 Operating Highlights 04 Financial Highlights 05 Corporate Information 06 Notice of the 22nd Annual General Meeting 07 Directors’ Report 16 Management Discussion and Analysis 24 Corporate Governance Report 29 Auditors’ Report 47 Balance Sheet 52 Statement of Profit and Loss 53 Cash Flow Statement 54 Notes to the Balance Sheet and Statement of Profit and Loss 56 Statement relating to Subsidiary Company 93 Consolidtated Statement of Accounts 94 Attendance Slip and Proxy 135 Letter from the Chairman Dear Shareholders, Financial Year 2013-14 was an exceptionally challenging one for the Indian aviation sector. The Indian economy recorded a lower GDP growth rate of 4.7%. Currency volatility and devaluation of the Indian Rupee further exacerbated the situation, leading to a drop in discretionary travel. Consequently, passenger load factors across our industry were under pressure and domestic passenger growth slowed to 4.8%. In this challenging environment, your Company managed to maintain revenues, though costs were hit due to depreciation of the Indian Rupee (of over 11%), higher aviation turbine fuel (“ATF”) rates and increased airport levies. Your Company has been consolidating its domestic network with a focus on strengthening its presence in key markets. Your Company has also been regularly adding international routes, besides embarking...
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