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4. Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition, and (d) decolorization by alcohol. Gram-positive bacteria differ from gram-negative bacteria in the structure of their cell walls. The cell walls of gram-positive bacteria are made up of twenty times as much murein or peptidoglycan than gram-negative bacteria. These complex polymers of sugars and amino acids cross-link and layer the cell wall. The thick outer matrix of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, polysaccharides, and other proteins serve a number of purposes, including membrane transport regulation, cell expansion, and shape formation. Almost all bacteria can be classified as gram-positive or gram-negative. The classification relies on the positive or negative results from Gram’s staining method, which uses complex purple dye and iodine. Because gram-positive bacteria have more layers of peptidoglycan in their cell walls than gram-negative, they can retain the dye. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan and a phospholipid bilayer with membrane-spanning proteins. However, gram-negative bacteria have a unique outer membrane, a thinner layer of peptidoglycan, and a periplasmic space between the cell wall and the membrane. In the outer membrane, gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharides (LPS), porin channels, and Murein lipoprotein all of which gram-positive bacteria lack.
10. Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in a large hospital. How would you sterilize each of the following? Briefly justify your answers.
a. A mattress used by a patient with bubonic plague: hepa vacuuming, ultraviolet germicidal radiation, light enzyme most to kill remaining colonies. b. Intravenous glucose-saline solutions: Glucose

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