...48, No. 2, March 2007 (Ó 2006) DOI: 10.1007/s11162-006-9042-3 EXAMINING HERZBERG’S THEORY: Improving Job Satisfaction among Non-Academic Employees at a University Ryan E. Smerek*,† and Marvin Peterson† ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ This study reports the results of a survey of 2700 employees in business operations at a large public, research university. The analysis tests Herzberg et al.’s (1959) well-known, duality theory of motivators and hygiene factors and the impact of personal characteristics and job characteristics on perceptions of the work environment and job satisfaction. The results offer inconclusive support of Herzberg’s theory although the work itself is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction after controlling for both personal and job characteristics. The study concludes by discussing both practical implications, for those in leadership positions in a university, and theoretical implications for researchers interested in exploring job satisfaction in a higher education context. ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ KEY WORDS: job satisfaction; quality of worklife; work climate; administrative staff. THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS ...
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...Running head: PERSONAL ETHICS DEVELOPMENT Personal Ethics Development Abstract Prepare a 1,050-1,200 word paper on Personal Values Development examining your personal values, ground rules, and/or ethics development. Focus on the developmental aspect rather than on a particular position on any issue. Define what your values are; the sources (people, institutions, events, etc.) that helped shape your values, and the criteria and decision-making factors you utilize to revise them. Also, discuss the potential impact of your values and your performance in your work place. *This paper should be about you and not copied from another’s paper. Personal Values Development What is Ethics What is ethics, defined by Merriam-Webster, ethics is “the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation” (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ethics). These are the moral principles or values of conduct governing an individual or a group. A person ethics is defined by the principles or values and understanding of the society around them and by what society deems expectable. Ethical Development Ethical development starts when a person is young and learns what they can and cannot do by there parents and the parent’s social groups. This is where my I learned that one should act accordingly; honesty, responsible for one-self, respect one-self and others, loyalty to family, friends, and to ones society, open-minded, and fairness...
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...Personal Values Development October 3, 2011 Abstract In this paper the subject analyzed is the personal development of values by examining personal values and ground rules. Focusing on the aspect of development this paper defines my values, the sources that help to shaped those values, and the criteria used to revise values in the decision-making process and the impact that values have on the performance in the workplace. Personal Value Development The personal core values, which are my driving force influence both action and reaction started developing during my early teenage years. The core value I have today has taken a lifetime of experiences to develop and subsequently does not change much. I have inherited some of my values. I have learned some values from my parents, teachers, and other influential people throughout my life. Research, reading, and television have also influenced my values to a certain extend. However, I believe strongly that my core values weigh heavily from my life’s experiences. Defining my Values The core values I speak of are my integrity, hard work and valiant and honest effort, telling the truth, and doing the next right thing. I value my life, my children, my loved ones, and the integrity in which I live my life. My core values are aspects of my life, which I believe are my strengths. My core values are important to me as they guide me through my life. I hold myself accountable for whom I am and how I conduct...
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...to establish the corporate social responsibility in order to enhance the company image and employee morale. Here is the second plan to report you that CEO should change leadership style to transformational leadership, it is able to improve organisational productivity and enhance organisational development capabilities. Finally, I would like to thank you for the opportunity this report gave me to provides the new leadership strategies for Siemens, and to develop my research skills, which will be invaluable for future projects. Regards, Chun-Chang, Tseng Executive Summary This report provides a described about the negative impact from the wrong leadership decision-made in Siemens. It provides two plans to solved the scenario and discuss how to access the two plans. Methods of solved the scenario are establishment corporate social responsibility and changed the leadership style to transformational leadership. Both the plans are able to improve the worst situations. Results of case analysed show that to help organisation transform reforming is an important direction for the company to reinvigorate. The report finds CEO is the helmsman of a company in future course. The correct leadership decision-making is the key to survival and development in a company. The role of CEO is not only policy direction, but also led the organisation to fulfill the task. CEO must be able to motivate employees, and to maximize employees' work efficiency. Moreover, in the...
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...Standpoint of OD Values and Ethics. The Kindred Todd case illustrates a realistic dilemma an Organization Development Practitioner (ODP) may face while properly performing his role of helping the client organization maximize humanistic benefits and achieve organizational effectiveness. The ODP is a qualified professional who facilitates change within the client organization that involves encouraging open communication, employee involvement and personal growth and development. Although some ODP’s may specialize in a specific technical area, all possess common skills in the social processes of organizations. The very nature of the ODP helping role lends itself to the potential for misconduct, intentional or unintentional, because the ODP wields significant power and influence over his client. He has gained the client’s trust, holds in his possession intimate knowledge about the organization’s culture and operations, and is positioned to guide the implementation of the program jointly developed with the client, thereby the client relies on his expertise and guidance at every step in the change process. Without professional values and ethics to guide the ODP’s every interaction, communication, and activity, he may find it difficult to navigate the client relationship as both client and ODP roles and goals may often come into conflict or become clouded by ambiguity. Values and ethics help the keep the ODP’s his role in focus and act to guide him as he works jointly with the...
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...Name: Latifat Ajose-Adebara Location: Kennet Way. L3 Unit 301 – Promote Personal Development in Care Settings. The numbers in the bracket after each question relate to the assessment criteria in the standards. 1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of your own work role (1.1). Ans: • Personal Care Support: This involves assisting individuals with their daily personal hygiene and care routines, which can include bathing, grooming, oral care, and dressing. Medication Administration: It involves managing and administering medication to individuals according to their care plans and understanding of medication management protocols, and the ability to recognise and report any adverse reactions or side effects. Mobility Support: Supporting...
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...effectively. In essence, then, multiculturalism is nothing more than the art of managing diversity in a total quality manner. One area regarding managing diversity in which I am most strong is the focus on the individual, concerned with embracing and valuing differences. This area is of tremendous importance, since staff and administration that do not get along, nor understand each other, are not able to maximize their greatest potential for optimal excellence. Here is where workshops on prejudice, cultural awareness, cross-cultural communication and conflict resolution are most helpful. (Lorde, 1993) The purpose of valuing diversity and appreciating differences is not simply to make people feel good about each other. Businesses, like other social institutions, have a specific purpose for existing, to implement their mission through whatever product or service they provide. Focusing on the individual is an important approach that acknowledges and respects the contributions, which all groups within a...
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...report is a reflection of the experiences of the two Everest Simulations, examining and analysing the individual’s actions and their role and the impact it has on the group. The discussion then incorporates theories of communication, leadership and organisational structure to compare and critically analyse the results of the simulations and determine the overall success of the team. The report will also analyse the changes and evaluate the impact past experience had on the decisions and results on the second simulation. Further the processes of interaction will be evaluated to determine its effectiveness, partially attributing our failure in the first simulation to poor communication and preparation. Table of Contents Executive Summary 0.0 Introduction 3 1.0 Preparation for Simulation One 3 2.1 Delegation of roles 4 2.0 Simulation One 4 3.2 Examining the medium of communication 4 3.3 Examining our roles 5 3.4 Discussion process 5-6 3.5 Simulation One results 6 3.0 Team Contract 6-7 4.0 Simulation Two: Adherence to Team contract 7 5.6 Leadership style 7-8 5.0 Comparing Results 8 6.0 Analysing Changes 8-9 7.0 Conclusion 9 8.0 Bibliography 9-10 9.0 Appendix 10.7 (i) Team Contract 11-12 10.8 (ii) Personal Goals results 12 0. Introduction The Everest simulations intend...
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... 2 The lessons of life that are delivered by Socrates act as a basis for Western philosophy. Plato, the writer of The Apology, significantly respects Socrates and his dialogues act as a framework for our understanding in the passages. Our only record of his life comes from his associates, as Socrates never documented his opinions. A clear expression of Socrates’ philosophy is represented in The Apology. The purpose of this paper is to establish a clear demonstration of Socrates’ philosophy using The Apology as reference, and also explain my personal view on philosophy. In the first section of this paper, the famous statement from Socrates, “The unexamined life is not worth living”, will be connected when explaining three principle components of his philosophy: Irony, Method and Ethos. The second section of this paper will reveal my personal view on philosophy. Rahut’s claim on philosophy being the study of “open questions” will be supported by examples and descriptions. In the case that a question cannot be accurately answered or proven with our existing knowledge, I demonstrate that it should be classified as an ‘open question’. Throughout section 17-18 of The Apology, Socratic irony is apparent. He clearly presents himself as a man whom is delivering words of truth. Although, while Socrates states that he is not a clever speaker, it shows that he actually is clever. By doing this, he is engaging some very effective use of...
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...Career Guidance Theories Career guidance theories provide insight into how individuals make career decisions and what influences impact on those decisions throughout the course of a person’s life. Most have derived from the different branches of psychology; personality, developmental, cognitive and social. More contemporary theories however consider the sociological influences on career journeys too. Most acknowledge the role of career guidance, although differ on opinion as to when, how often and the resulting impact of guidance. Career guidance practice is informed by theory. Theories are used to devise policies over careers education and guidance and to provide tools for evaluation and amendment of practices. In 1908 Parsons developed what is considered the first theory of vocational guidance. The ‘talent matching’ approach. Parsons based this theory on three ideas; (a) people are different, (b) jobs are different and (c) by studying both individual and jobs, it should be possible to match them up. This theory implies it is possible to measure individual talents and the skills required for particular jobs, assumes people perform best when matched to a job suited to their abilities and therefore assumes that career decision making is of a rational nature. Others have developed this theory, sometimes referred to as ‘person-environment fit’ or trait/factor further. Rodger (1952) developed a ‘seven point plan’ with matching at the centre of the process. He...
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...Convergence of the Confucian Ethics and the Rituals: Examining the Esthetic Culture within Li Ye In Christopher Kwon A&I: Confucius and His Critics Professor Seungjoo Yoon November 21, 2014 Confucius remarks, “In referring time and again to observing ritual propriety (li), how could I just be talking about gifts of jade and silk? In referring time and again to making music (yue), how could I just be talking about bells and drums?” There is an implied intersection between arts and ethical morality in Confucian thoughts. The arts allow one, a particular student, to enrichment of self-cultivation, observance of the esthetic aspect of the ritual propriety, and the development of an artistic expression of the self- that is subject to ethical and moral questions; therefore, artistic work such as the traditional Chinese calligraphy (though not music) is an exhibition of Confucian moral quintessence that embody one’s character and the corporeality. The Analects place a great deal of importance on ritual propriety and the practice thereof. More specifically implicated within this context is the appreciation of arts such as music, poetry, and archery. To the extent to which Michael Nylan and Thomas Wilson elevate Confucius as the “Exalted King of Culture,” the cultural and artistic aspect of the rituals is significant in Confucianism. In defense of his fervent advocacy of the esthetic culture, Confucius refers to the Zhou Dynasty that “looked back to the Xia and Shang Dynasties...
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...Personality by itself involves various issues. Evolutionary/inherent perception do not usually account for the biological mechanisms among genes and personality. Theorists use biological development in an effort to fill in the space among personality and genetics by inferring, theorizing, and exploring biological associations with behavior. Biological approaches personality in the pattern of collective character, behavioral, temperamental, emotional, and mental traits of a person. The term temperament is exercise to refer to stable individual differences in emotional reactivity. Example ones behavior toward a death of a family member the grieving may be weeping and trying to seek comfort from a higher power. To whereas another person might go into a deeper depression and has no understanding and why death and tend to feel there is no higher power no one this powerful would allow this type of pain. Present are various traits that make up a human being. They are the traits of human consciousness; or perhaps one can call them the gift of human character or simply character or personality traits (Posner nd). Maslow termed the highest level of the pyramid as growth needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is mainly displayed as a pyramid which has five levels; physiological needs, safety, social needs, esteem needs and self –actualizing needs. Physiological needs; these include the essential desires that are imperative to survival, such as the need for water, air, food and rest. Safety...
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...and in order to become an extraordinary communicator, the leaders create the attributes of great self-awareness, resourcefulness, flexibility in behaviour and effectiveness, which all together develop their innate resilience. All this is necessary to establish a clear thinking, focused mind, personal grooming, and behavioural psychology and NLP can be applied here. According to Tosey (2008) neurolinguistic programing means a systematic linkage between an individual’s mental internal experience (also referred as ‘neuro’), language (‘linguistic’) and the patterns of behaviour (‘programming’). According to Walker (2004), this can further be distributed into three components, including: • Neuro: based on the neurology of feeling and thinking • Linguistic: usage of language to persuade or influence others and ourselves • Programming: guidelines on how to achieve the set goals Self-awareness on the other hand is the ability to know, understand and assess our own self, specifically the flow of our feelings, implicit weaknesses, latent talent which is not yet groomed by us and the areas of our life, which require attention and change. We also need to evaluate if we are guided by our moral values, or some kind of conditioning has been shaping us. Likewise, we also need to examine if our thoughts and actions are in compliance with the principles and beliefs we possess in mind. The ability to self-awareness is one of the most powerful tools. At many times, our feelings and emotions are...
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...be incompatible and/or incommensurable with your own personal moral norms. International engagement involves working within other societies where you are likely to be faced with different norms. Deciding when it is appropriate to act under one norm or another requires careful consideration. An example of a moral norm may be: “it is wrong to physically harm a child, and those who do so should be punished.” An ethical dilemma in your international engagement may arise when your moral norms differ from those of a society regarding: ▪ Treatment of/value in women and other gender/sex issues ▪ Treatment of/value in children and the elderly ▪ The environment, waste, and consumption ▪ Business practices, loyalty, contractual agreements, and work ethic ▪ Treatment of/value in animals ▪ Privacy and community ▪ Religion, religious dogma and tradition Ethical pluralism is also known as “value” or “moral” pluralism. It is related but not identical to the concepts of moral relativism (there exist many moral theories and there is no objective standard by which they may be judged) and cultural relativism (that norms, values, and practices may be understood as sensible within their respective cultural contexts). Relevance to ISL: Sustainability Ethical pluralism suggests your actions may be in opposition to local norms, or you might be expected to act in opposition to your own norms. Either one of these conflicts may make your work unsustainable. Example: You may be working on an project...
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...the organization and employees. Psychological contracts are mental models or schemas that develop through an individual’s interactions and experiences (Levinson, 1962) The psychological contract is playing an increasingly important role in helping to define and understand contemporary employment relationship (Millward & Brewerton, 1999). The psychological contract tells employees what they are required to do in order to meet their side of the bargain and what they can expect from their job. It offers a valid and helpful framework of thinking about the employment relationship, especially against a background of a changing labour market and low unemployment where employers are being encouraged to do what they can to retain employees. The social psychologist Edgar Schein (1965) defined that psychological contract is the set of unwritten expectations concerning the relationship between an employee and an employer. The psychological contract addresses factors that are not defined in a written contract of employment such as levels...
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