Objective
• Objective data begins through the use of taking the patient’s vitals, blood pressure.
• Physical examination, on the anterior chest should be carried out through the use of IPPA (inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation) (Jarvis, 2014, p. 450)
Inspection: Begin inspection through a general physical examination, where the patient is not yet undressed. Access the patient’s level of consciousness, through the awareness of their external environment. Access patient for their facial expressions which should be accordingly set to their behavior. This aspect should be addressed as patients who tend to purse their lips may be at a risk for COPD (Jarvis, 2014, p. 452). Examine the respiration rate for the patient which should