...physical context in order to rank each section of the assessment. Throughout the assessment we looked at the physical set up of the room and the objects within it. Then we observed how the children interacted in the space with the objects. This semester in 3220 we learned that context and environment impacts occupational choice and occupations performance. Through the ECERS assignment we discovered that the classroom included spaces for science, reading, and crafts; therefore, the child is better inclined to participate in these occupations due to the fact that they are readily accessible and encouraged. The engagement in these occupations at a young age can impact future meaningful occupations. In 3120 we discussed different types of occupations, habits, and routines. In the child time use analyzed these different concepts. Throughout the day child M participated in the contracted occupation of school, but throughout the day the child was able to freely choose engagement in occupations. Habits and Routines were seen throughout the observations such as BLANK and BLANK. When putting together a puzzle people have a routine of flipping over all of the pieces or starting with the border. In 3320 we discussed the differences between play, work and Ann Wilcock’s theory of doing, being and becoming. When the child M is freely choosing his occupation it is seen as play, but group time is considered work because its mandatory, effortful, and requires BLANK. ADD ANOTHER EXAMPLE. At the end...
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...Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, Vol. 14 (1) 81–95 (2004) © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/hfm.10053 Improving Performance and Quality of Working Life: A Model for Organizational Health Assessment in Emerging Enterprises Christin Shoaf Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. Ash Genaidy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. Waldemar Karwowski* Center for Industrial Ergonomics, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, U.S.A. Samuel H. Huang Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The organization of work has been addressed through numerous perspectives by a diverse set of disciplines. While job stress research has focused on the promotion of worker well-being, contemporary business-improvement initiatives (e.g., lean manufacturing, six sigma) have sought to optimize effectiveness through work processes. However, these two aims, although traditionally viewed as contradictory, are actually interdependent variables in the determination of long-term profitability. The concept of organizational health blends the pursuit of individual wellness with organizational effectiveness to yield a strategy for economic resilience. This article...
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...statistical methods for inference. A. 7. Apply descriptive and inferential methodologies according to the type of study design for answering a particular research question. A. 8. Apply basic informatics techniques with vital statistics and public health records in the description of public health characteristics and in public health research and evaluation. A. 9. Interpret results of statistical analyses found in public health studies. A. 10. Develop written and oral presentations based on statistical analyses for both public health professionals and educated lay audiences. B. COMMUNITY HEALTH SCIENCES (URBAN AND IMMIGRANT HEALTH) {SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES} Community health sciences in public health address the behavioral, social and cultural factors related to individual and population health and health disparities over the life course. Research and practice in this area contributes to the development, administration and evaluation of programs and policies in public...
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...Student Observation of Occupational Stress in teachers of Central Mindanao University Laboratory High School A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the P.E Department School of the Central Mindanao University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the P.E 75 Research in Physical Education By: Bustos, Fairy Vie M. Encarnacion, Jay I. Estopil, Jhon Roy A. Tanque, Ailyn July 31, 2013 INTRODUCTION Stress is the abnormal reaction that the organism displays against treating environmental elements. Stress, which is a general term used for pressure that people are exposed to in life and may be defined as the individual harmony effort that the person displays against a stimulant which has excessive psychological and physical pressure on the person. When a person feels insufficient in dealing with demands and challenges faced in life, she/he experiences stress. Being harmed by this situation or taking advantage it mainly depends on the person because stress may either be a factor threatening the organism physically or psychologically or a power which gives energy in dealing with life. Sources of stress may be classified as individual, organizational and outside of organization or it is possible to divide them into two groups as individual and organizational components. Organizational stress, which is also called professional stress, is the interaction between working conditions and the working person in environments in which the work demand exceeds...
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...THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF IMMIGRANTS The Role of Human and Social Capital AGNIESZKA KANAS Kanas, A.M. The Economic Performance of Immigrants. The Role of Human and Social Capital Dissertation, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Cover illustration: Krzysztof Wodiczko, Goscie/Guests, 2009, instalacja wideo/video installation, 17,17 min./minutes. Dzieki uprzejmosci artysty i Fundacji Profile/courtesy of the artist and Profile Foundation, Warsaw. Cover design: Agnieszka Kanas & Sebastian Gryglewicz Printed by: Wöhrmann Print Service ISBN: 978-90-393-5550-3 © Agnieszka Kanas, 2011 All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrival system of any nature, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electrnically, mechanically, by photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission from the author. THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF IMMIGRANTS The Role of Human and Social Capital DE ECONOMISCHE POSITIE VAN IMMIGRANTEN De rol van menselijk en sociaal kapitaal (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 28 juni 2011 des middags te 2.30 uur door Agnieszka Małgorzata Kanas geboren op 3 februari 1980 te Trzcianka, Polen Promotoren: Prof. dr. F.A...
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...and collectivism in the Translation of Address Terms 1. Introduction In 1980, Hofstede made his original study on cultural dimension of individualism and collectivism. Since then, many researchers have focused their attention on this field. Individualism versus collectivism has been established “as one of the basic pattern variables that determine human action” and “Individualistic and collectivistic value tendencies are manifested in everyday family, school, and workplace interaction” (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel, 2010). Since culture and translation enjoys a close relationship, individualism versus collectivism, as one of the theory in cross-cultural communication, plays a significant role in Chinese-English translation. When focusing on the translation of address terms, we can easily find the changes in the rendition of them which are due to the difference of value tendencies between Chinese collectivism and western individualism. And many scholars believe that the theory of individualism and collectivism functions in the translation of address terms. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to make a further discussion on the Chinese-English translation of address terms under the guidance theory of individualism and collectivism. Individualism and collectivism The concept of individualism and collectivism has been widely discussed in the field of cross-cultural communication and many scholars have given their own definitions. In this part, we will discuss the definition put...
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...structure and the explicit and implicit rules of behavior. See also organizational culture and orientation. Elements of Socialization[edit] Socialization is a fundamental sociological concept, comprising a number of elements. While not every sociologist will agree which elements are the most important, or even how to define some of the elements of socialization, the elements outlined below should help clarify what is meant by socialization. Goals of Socialization[edit] A kindergarten in Afghanistan. Arnett,[1] in presenting a new theoretical understanding of socialization (see below), outlined what he believes to be the three goals of socialization: impulse control and the development of a conscience role preparation and performance, including occupational roles, gender roles, and roles in institutions such as marriage and parenthood the cultivation of sources of meaning, or what is important, valued, and to be lived for In short, socialization is the process that prepares humans to function in social life. It should be re-iterated here that socialization is culturally relative - people in different cultures and people that occupy different racial, classed, gendered, sexual, and religious social locations are socialized differently. This distinction does not and should not inherently force an evaluative judgement. Socialization, because it is the adoption of...
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...Kenyon Rohit Lekhi Contents Executive Summary Introduction 1. What is stress? 1.1 Defining stress 1. Explaining stress 1.3 Stress and ill-health 2. An epidemic of stress? .1 The extent of stress . The costs of stress .3 The victims of stress .4 The causes of stress 3. Why now? 3.1 Stress, work and contemporary life 3. Stress and happiness 3.3 Stress and social status 4. The sceptics 4.1 Problems of method and measurement 4. Putting stress in perspective 4.3 Therapy culture? 5. Legal and policy contexts 5.1 Stress and the law 5. Stress and public policy 6. Interventions 6.1 What does the evidence say? 6. Focussing on prevention Conclusion Bibliography 4 12 14 14 17 19 25 5 6 8 31 35 35 38 43 47 47 5 58 62 6 68 71 71 79 88 89 Stress at Work List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Table 1: Effects of stress on bodily functions Figure 1: Model of work-related stress Figure : The impact of workplace demands on physiological and psychological performance Figure 3: How stressful is your work environment? Figure 4: Overwork concern in organisations Figure 5: Self-reported Illness accentuated by work Figure 6: Estimated days lost due to self-reported work-related injury or illness Figure 7: Work-related mental ill-health Figure 8: Percentage of organisations where workers identify stress to be the leading hazard of concern by sector Figure 9: Percentage reporting high levels of work-related stress by educational attainment Figure 10: Percentage of workers reporting...
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...Safety Management Safety Management Improving Business Outcomes Behavior-based safety techniques can influence organizational performance By Treasa M. Turnbeaugh O ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE is an important consideration in managing a firm’s overall success. Management can set goals and objectives, assign responsibilities and accountabilities, and monitor business outcomes and processes, but it must also consider the context in which all of these initiatives occur. Organizational culture is difficult to define and cannot be measured in a direct manner as it is a soft social science issue rather than a standardized quantitative measure. To confound matters, subcultures often exist within organizations that may or may not be cohesive with the firm’s overall goals and values. One such subculture is workplace safety. Workplace safety is an important factor for organizations as it affects virtually all other elements of an organization, including production, quality, job satisfaction and expenses. One approach to controlling workplace safety is the concept of behavior-based safety (BBS), a process by which all levels of an organization participate in improving specific safety-related issues by addressing actions (behavior). An interesting anecdotal finding pertaining to BBS is that it indirectly affects other business outcomes as well. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is a difficult concept to define and to measure, much less to understand and ...
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...IOP3701 EXAM QUESTIONS SECTION 1 May 2011 For fair & equitable testing & assessment in the work context, the starting point is that the job must be described, explain why this would be important (5) Discuss the importance of doing a thorough job analysis in testing and assessment in the work context (5) * The first step and main emphasis in the decision making process is a thorough job analysis * Job analysis consists of: * Job description – indicates the tasks that need to be done in the job. * Job specification – specific characteristics required of a person to perform well in the job. * It is important to list specific requirements that are not often stated – which candidates cannot be considered. * The next step includes fair procedures for making decision. This entails well thought through and justifiable procedures for job description, advertisements etc. * Evaluate and justify minimum requirements in formal education, prior learning, relevant experience, training, skills and knowledge. * Decide on suitable testing and assessment techniques * Follow scientific, professional and ethical guidelines * Monitor outcomes for fairness and adverse impact. * Take steps to ensure equity and fairness for future opportunities. * Fair and equitable testing and assessment: * 1st step and main emphasis in the decision-making process is a thorough job analysis – to know exactly what the job entails and what qualities, characteristics...
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...about the antecedents and outcomes of diversity. Likewise, research on different dimensions of diversity (e.g., age, race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, and culture) has mostly evolved independently. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine each of these dimensions of diversity to describe common themes across dimensions and to develop an integrative model of diversity. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. While the term “workforce diversity” is commonly used in scholarly articles as well as in the popular press, the focus and scope of the research is both varied and broad. Until recently, most studies have focused on a single dimension of diversity (e.g., age, sex, race) in a domestic, typically U.S. context. In a world of globalization populated by boundaryless and virtual organizations, it is time to revisit the old theories of diversity and to create a new set of paradigms. Therefore, in this article we examine multiple dimensions of diversity to assess the current status of the...
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...Individual-level Cultural values and Workplace Attitudes and Behaviours: Examining the moderating effects of individual-level cultural values on social exchange relationships involving organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in Pakistani organizations Samina Quratulain* Abdul Karim Khan* CERGAM, Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille-III, France ABSTRACT The relationships among employee’s work related variables, cultural variables and OCB are investigated in Pakistani work setting. Based on the review of literature it has been observed that perceived organizational justice (procedural, distributive & interactional justice) is an important antecedent of OCB. This study intends to extend the previous research by assessing the validity of social exchange theory within Pakistan where norms of reciprocity (social exchange ideology) may play a lesser role in social exchange relationships. The primary objective of the study will be to compare the influence of individual differences in values using Hofstede’s cultural value framework (collectivism-individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, Power distance) as moderators of generally well established positive relationships between OCB & employee’s perception of organizational justice. The results will provide insights into the influences of employees value differences on relationships established in management literature. Keywords: Organizational citizenship behaviour; Individual-level cultural values;...
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...primary contributory role that family businesses play in the world economy (Lansberg 1999: 1). It is perceived that entrepreneurial activities in Ghana lack the dynamism and competitive edge of those in more developed countries (Saffu, 2004). One reason that can be advanced is the lack of appropriate leadership style and competencies to manage the family business enterprises in Ghana (Wolf, 2004). Researchers in the fields of organizational behavior and leadership have examined leadership styles and their effects on such variables as job satisfaction, job stress, role conflict, job performance and organizational commitment (Humphreys et al., 2003, MacKenzie et al., 2001 and Stock and Hoyer, 2002), in the context of the North American and other developed countries and has rarely been conducted in emerging economies with different cultural orientation (Fakhrul et al 2011), and the Ghanaian context is no exception in this regard. Globally, there is a dearth of research regarding the influence of leadership styles and entrepreneurial orientation on the growth of service sector businesses including private schools. According to (Kest, 2007) there is a lack of Leadership styles research within private educational institutions, and very little has been researched and publicly documented on leadership studies in Ghana (Zame & Hope, 2008). Societal culture also has impact on the leadership style of management and as such the leadership style in an organization may vary from society to...
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...Overview This paper offers the non-subject specialist an overview of the literature which has influenced the development of listening and interpersonal skills in UK higher education. It refers to articles, seminal texts and writers within the field. In order to provide some context, the first section of the review covers some issues relating to the definition of listening and interpersonal skills and some examples are presented to demonstrate their interdependence. The importance of these skills within occupational and educational domains is also highlighted. The review then goes on to place listening and interpersonal skills in context by exploring historical perspectives, factors influencing current developments and providing an indication of issues which may affect future development. The paper introduces different approaches to listening and interpersonal skills within some key disciplines and considers the extent to which the teaching and learning of listening and interpersonal skills has been integrated within these discipline. In conclusion we consider emerging themes relating to advances in technology and widening participation, including the cross cultural agenda. A glance at the definitions section below will reveal the substantial overlap that exists between this topic and some of the other LearnHigher learning areas, most notably those relating to oral communications and group work. Although we acknowledge this overlap at various points during the review, readers...
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...CHAPTER 2 Strategic human resource management Nicky Golding OBJECTIVES To indicate the significance of the business context in developing an understanding of the meaning and application of SHRM. To analyse the relationship between strategic management and SHRM. To examine the different approaches to SHRM, including: – The best-fit approach to SHRM – The configurational approach to SHRM – The resource-based view of SHRM – The best-practice approach to SHRM. To evaluate the relationship between SHRM and organisational performance. To present a number of activities and case studies that will facilitate readers’ understanding of the nature and complexity of the SHRM debate, and enable them to apply their knowledge and understanding. Introduction to strategic human resouce management This chapter charts the development of strategic human resource management. It assumes a certain familiarity with the evolution of HRM, early HRM models and frameworks and their theoretical underpinning as discussed in Chapter 1. The aim of this chapter is to provide a challenging and critical analysis of the strategic human resource management literature, so that you will be able to understand the synthesis both within and between strategic human resource management and strategic management in its various forms. Since the early 1980s when human resource management arrived on the managerial agenda, there has been considerable debate concerning its nature and its value to organisations. From...
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