...fighting, for is the epitome of a solid dictatorship and the easiest way to get there is to establish a solid scapegoat. Many would argue that propaganda is the most effective way a leader can control a group, but propaganda is a form of scapegoating, it is making the general public believe something about an organization that is completely untrue. Violence is another way for a leader to control a body of people. It might be easy to control the people, but the dictatorship would not last very long. An example of how short a leader ruling with violence, rein would be a fight between a country that has soldiers that are willing to fight and lay down their life for their cause and a country that forced their already defeated soldiers to fight a war that they don’t care...
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...character Napoleon does in Animal Farm, by George Orwell. Corruption of power leads to the exploitation of the weak through fear and manipulation. Snowball was a perfect leader, with excellent ideals and did everything for others. Napoleon, on the other hand, was a diabolical leader who sought power. To do this, Napoleon directs his ‘right hand man,’ Squealer, to spread rumors and lies to make Napoleon seem perfect. After Napoleon took charge, Squealer said, “I trust that every animal here appreciates the sacrifice that Comrade Napoleon has made in taking this extra labour upon himself” (50). Napoleon...
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...in the book when Snowball is trying to persuade animals to join him on his ideas. Napoleon is a dissenter in the midst who talks individually to get them to see things his way, for example in the case of the windmill. 2. Napoleon also enlists the help of a gifted and crafty speaker on his behalf. This is Squealer. Stalin had Pravda as his mouthpiece in Russia. Napoleon uses Squealer to make great speeches that demonstrate production is better than it was in Jones time by shouting out tons of numbers. 3. Napoleon has Squealer use propaganda. Fear is an emotional appeal used to get the animals to remain faithful to the cause of animalism. The slogan "Four legs good, Two legs bad" unifies the animals against a different enemy. Napoleon uses Snowball almost a scapegoat and they blame everything they do not want to take credit for on him. So if they are stuck in a bad circumstance, Snowball gets the blame. 4.His use of force to maintain order. He used his fierce dogs to scare the animals into submission (compared to Stalin's secret police), and also to protect himself from harm. These dogs act as a "secret service" or as bodyguards, to threaten the animals to follow his rule. 5. Napoleon gained total control over animal farm through exiling Snowball. Regardless of Napoleon's efforts, Snowball managed to get most of the animals support on the matter of the windmill. Napoleon knew Snowball was a great threat to his position. If Napoleon did not act soon, Snowball would soon...
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...Setting: Animal Farm or Manor Farm (symbolic of Russia) in the 1920s to early 1950s Characters: Mr. Jones, Old Major, Snowball, Napoleon, Squealer, Boxer, Clover, Benjamin, Mollie, Moses, Frederick, Pilkington, Mr. Whymper, Minimus, Pinkeye Summary: Old Major the pig calls the animals over to tell them that they should have an uprising against Mr. Jones. After this, Old Major dies but the other animals are inspired by him and want to conduct animalism. The pigs are smarter than the other animals and start to run the farm. They have a revolution and successfully remove Mr. Jones, from the farm. The pigs create the rules of no sleeping in beds, no wearing clothes, no alcohol, no killing other animals, all animals are equal, and whoever has four legs or wings is a friend. Napoleon and the pigs, being the rulers, are starting to use the fresh milk and eat the apples because they “need” it. Napoleon also employs Squealer to persuade the other farm animals that the pigs are doing nothing wrong. Jones returns and the animals win at the battle of Cowshed. Mollie leaves the farm due to her interest in sugar and ribbons and never comes back. Snowball draws up plans for a windmill and Napoleon denies them and runs Snowball off the farm forever with his pack of dogs. After Napoleon chases Snowball off, he says the windmill was his idea after all and uses Snowball as a scapegoat for all the farms troubles. The next year, Boxer proves to be the most useful animal as he practically leads the...
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...ANIMAL FARM George Orwell Important Quotations Explained 1. “Four legs good, two legs bad.” This phrase, which occurs in Chapter III, constitutes Snowball’s condensation of the Seven Commandments of Animalism, which themselves serve as abridgments (abbreviations) of Old Major’s stirring speech on the need for animal unity in the face of human oppression. The phrase instances one of the novel’s many moments of propagandizing, which Orwell portrays as one example of how the elite class abuses language to control the lower classes. Although the slogan seems to help the animals achieve their goal at first, enabling them to clarify in their minds the principles that they support, it soon becomes a meaningless sound bleated by the sheep (“two legs baa-d”), serving no purpose other than to drown out dissenting opinion. By the end of the novel, as the propaganda needs of the leadership change, the pigs alter the chant to the similar-sounding but completely antithetical “Four legs good, two legs better.” 2. Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland, Beasts of every land and clime, Hearken to my joyful tiding Of the golden future time. These lines from Chapter I constitute the first verse of the song that Old Major hears in his dream and which he teaches to the rest of the animals during the fateful meeting in the barn. Like the communist anthem “Internationale,” on which it is based, “Beasts of England” stirs the emotions of the animals and fires their revolutionary idealism. As...
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...(p33-34) Mr. Jones shot his gun in the barn because he thought there was a fox 7. What is “Beasts of England?” What do humans sing that is similar? (p32) Anthem of Animal Farm. Humans sing National anthems. Name: Date: R&R Block ____ Animal Farm, Chapter 2 Short Answer Questions Please answer all questions in your own words in complete sentences. If you need to copy from the book, make sure you use quotation marks and page numbers. 1. Who are the three main pigs? (p35-36) Napoleon, Squealer, Snowball 2. The pigs formulate the teachings of Old Major into a system of thought. What is it called? (p36) ANIMALISM! ANIMAL FARM GO! GO! GO! BEAST OF ENGLAND! BEAST OF IRELAND! 3. The animals encounter a couple of problems as they begin to discuss the coming rebellion. Name one of them. (p36-37) They are afraid of not having food 4. What two leaders emerge after the rebellion? (p41) Snowball and Napoleon 5. What is done with the farmhouse? (p42) They made it into a museum...
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...men could not, in truth, have descended from the heavens (pg. 14).” Understanding the ethics of the Spanish conquistadors requires consideration of the wickedness, greed, and acclimation to circumstance that is innate in humans. These predispositions combined with an ability to scapegoat others and justify secular actions based on non secular principles give a recipe for dehumanization and destruction of other humans. 1. What Drives Conquerors’ Dehumanization of Enemies? 1.1 Innate Wickedness The simplest explanations can sometimes be the most revealing. “For every every European killed, one hundred natives would be executed (pg. 17).” It is clear from Casas’ accounts that the Spaniards could be labeled as wicked people with a penchant for causing suffering. This is elaborated on towards the beginning of the novel on page 23: “I know beyond any shadow of a doubt that they had, from the very beginning, every right to wage war on the Europeans, while the Europeans never had just cause for waging war on the local people. The actions of the Europeans throughout the New World were without exception, wicked and unjust: worse, in fact, than the blackest kind of tyranny.” One of the more telling examples of this ideal is given on page 35 where Casas quotes one of the native leaders as saying “Killing women is a cruel abomination and clear proof that you are brutes and no better than wild beasts.” The killing of women can be considered the most dehumanizing thing that can be done...
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...A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSIC EDITION OF GEORGE ORWELL’S ANIMAL FARM By HAZEL K. DAVIS, Federal Hocking High School, Stewart, OH S E R I E S W. GEIGER ELLIS, ED.D., E D I T O R S : UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, EMERITUS and ARTHEA J. S. REED, PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, RETIRED A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of George Orwell’s Animal Farm 2 INTRODUCTION Animal Farm is an excellent selection for junior and senior high students to study. Although on one level the novel is an allegory of the 1917 Russian Revolution, the story is just as applicable to the latest rebellion against dictators around the world. Young people should be able to recognize similarities between the animal leaders and politicians today. The novel also demonstrates how language can be used to control minds. Since teenagers are the target not only of the educational system itself but also of advertising, the music industry, etc., they should be interested in exploring how language can control thought and behavior. Animal Farm is short and contains few words that will hamper the reader’s understanding. The incidents in the novel allow for much interactive learning, providing opportunities for students to dramatize certain portions, to expand on speeches, and to work out alternative endings. The novel can be taught collaboratively with the history department as an allegory of the Russian Revolution, allowing students to draw parallels...
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...Yuliana Magana Professor Warner English 112 23 November 2014 Racial Profiling and Stereotypes Issues In a city such as Los Angeles, racial profiling takes places constantly throughout the day. In this film, “Crash”, Paul Haggis follows the lives of over 10 people from different backgrounds, and how they are faced with racial profiling or stereotypes. This movie is not only thought provoking, it shows the reality of such a complex world. The director, Haggis, shows how each character is faced with racial profiling/stereotypes and how it creates a snowball effect in each of their lives, as well as affecting the lives of others. The film “Crash” assumes that profiling is a bad but that people do it anyways. Self-serving attributions, revenge, victimizing, scapegoat, etc., can motivate stereotypes. Haggis wants us to feel guilty by watching all the different stereotypes that exist in today’s world; he wants us to realize not to judge a person by their physical appearance and/or race. Even Haggis illustrates anger and sympathy towards people that use stereotypes on other people. Most will say that because we are human it allows us to be imperfect but it being human doesn’t allow us to discriminatory towards other imperfect human beings. Racial profiling is when a person is judged by their race or ethnicity. The movie allows it’s viewers to see how racial profiling is a moral issues. It is projected be people of all races and classes. We can still see in today’s world people are...
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...The term tragedy, both in Greek dramas and contemporary writing alike, is an emotion evoked by the inability of a person to fulfill a goal or potential that is reasonably within reach. When I think of tragedy, images of supremely gifted artists, writers, athletes, and other socially iconic individuals whose lives were cut short come to mind. But as most of us are already aware, tragedy does not solely strike the lives of the young and famous. We are all succeptable to it. Contrary to popular belief, tragedy does not often come in the form of a bolt of lightning, or a sinking ship. It is triggered by wrong decisions, and rather small and seemingly insignificant ones at first. But like a snowball released at the top of a mountain, these wrong decisions pick up momentum, and before we can even recognize the reprocussions of these decisions coming, we are flattened by them. What causes these wrong decisions? Some may blame pride, lust, fear, anger, ignorance, stubborness, or even love. All of these are valid reasons, and unfortunately these are all abundant qualities in every human being. Because of this, writers like Arthur Miller and William Shakespeare have showed us that these tragedies can occur to anyone, from salesmen to soldiers. And although they are horrible to live through, they can also be timelessly entertaining to read about. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman is the story of a man, Willy Loman, gone deaf to the outside world. Though many try to help him, he shuts...
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...LEADERSHIP FOR INNOVATION LEADERSHIP FOR INNOVATION How to organize team creativity and harvest ideas JOHN ADAIR London and Philadelphia Publisher’s note Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate at the time of going to press, and the publishers and author cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions, however caused. No responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting, or refraining from action, as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by the editor, the publisher or the author. First published in Great Britain in 1990 by the Talbot Adair Press as The Challenge of Innovation This edition published in Great Britain and the United States by Kogan Page Limited in 2007 as Leadership for Innovation Reprinted 2007 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licences issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned addresses: 120 Pentonville Road London N1 9JN United Kingdom www.kogan-page.co.uk © John Adair, 1990, 2007 The right of John...
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...Th e T yranny of Gui lt • Pa s c a l B ru c k n e r Translated from the French by s t ev e n r e n da l l The tyranny of Guilt An Essay on Western Masochism • P r i n c e t o n u n i v e r si t y P r e s s Princeton and Oxford english translation copyright © 2010 by Princeton university Press First published as La tyrannie de la pénitence: essai sur le masochisme occidental by Pascal Bruckner, copyright © 2006 by Grasset & Fasquelle Published by Princeton university Press, 41 William street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the united kingdom: Princeton university Press, 6 oxford street, Woodstock, oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu all rights reserved library of congress cataloging-in-Publication data Bruckner, Pascal. [tyrannie de la pénitence. english] The tyranny of guilt: an essay on Western masochism / Pascal Bruckner; translated from the French by steven rendall. p. cm. includes index. isBn 978-0-691-14376-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. civilization, Western— 20th century. 2. civilization, Western—21st century. 3. international relations—Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Western countries—Foreign relations. 5. Western countries—intellectual life. 6. Guilt 7. self-hate (Psychology) 8. World politics. i. title. CB245.B7613 2010 909’.09821--dc22 2009032666 British library cataloging-in-Publication data is available cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre d’un programme d’aide à la publication, bénéficie du soutien du Ministère des affaires étrangères et du service...
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...animal Books by Elliot Aronson Theories of Cognitive Consistency (with R. Abelson et al.), 1968 Voices of Modern Psychology, 1969 The Social Animal, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Readings About the Social Animal, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Social Psychology (with R. Helmreich), 1973 Research Methods in Social Psychology (with J. M. Carlsmith & P. Ellsworth), 1976 The Jigsaw Classroom (with C. Stephan et al.), 1978 Burnout: From Tedium to Personal Growth (with A. Pines & D. Kafry), 1981 Energy Use: The Human Dimension (with P. C. Stern), 1984 The Handbook of Social Psychology (with G. Lindzey), 3rd ed., 1985 Career Burnout (with A. Pines), 1988 Methods of Research in Social Psychology (with P. Ellsworth, J. M. Carlsmith, & M. H. Gonzales), 1990 Age of Propaganda (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992, 2000 Social Psychology, Vols. 1–3 (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992 Social Psychology: The Heart and the Mind (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 1994 Cooperation in the Classroom: The Jigsaw Method (with S. Patnoe), 1997 Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine, 2000 Social Psychology: An Introduction (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 2002, 2005, 2007 The Adventures of Ruthie and a Little Boy Named Grandpa (with R. Aronson), 2006 Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) (with C. Tavris), 2007 Books by Joshua Aronson Improving Academic Achievement, 2002 The Social Animal To...
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...Chapter 1 SIGMUND FREUD AN INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud, pioneer of Psychoanalysis, was born on 6th May 1856 in Freiberg to a middle class family. He was born as the eldest child to his father’s second wife. When Freud was four years old, his family shifted and settled in Vienna. Although Freud’s ambition from childhood was a career in law, he decided to enter the field of medicine. In 1873, at the age of seventeen, Freud enrolled in the university as a medical student. During his days in the university, he did his research on the Central Nervous System under the guidance of German physician `Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke’. Freud received his medical degree in 1881and later in 1883 he began to work in Vienna General Hospital. Freud spent three years working in various departments of the hospital and in 1885 he left his post at the hospital to join the University of Vienna as a lecturer in Neuropathology. Following his appointment as a lecturer, he got the opportunity to work under French neurologist Jean Charcot at Salpetriere, the famous Paris hospital for nervous diseases. So far Freud’s work had been entirely concentrated on physical sciences but Charcot’s work, at that time, concentrated more on hysteria and hypnotism. Freud’s studies under Charcot, which centered largely on hysteria, influenced him greatly in channelising his interests to psychopathology. In 1886, Freud established his private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous diseases...
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... “It’s a done deal!” or “Drop whatever you’re doing.” Because misunderstandings of such idioms and expressions frequently caused miscommunication between our management teams and foreign clients, I was asked to try to assist. I am happy to be able to share the materials that follow, such as they are, in the hope that they may be of some use and benefit to others. The simple teaching device I used was three-fold: 1. Make a note of an idiom/expression 2. Define and explain it in understandable words (including synonyms.) 3. Give at least three sample sentences to illustrate how the expression is used in context. For instance, Idiom: “It’s a done deal.” Definition: “We agree. Everything has been decided. We’re ready to sign the contract.” Examples: 1. “The bank has confirmed the loan agreement, so It’s a done deal.” 2. “The court has approved the restructuring plan, so it’s a done deal.” 3. “The Senior Partner has signed my promotion papers, so it’s a done deal.” If a student came to me...
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