...1.0 INTRODUCTION Children exhibit differences from one another in terms of their physical attributes (e.g., some are shorter, some are stronger) and learning abilities (e.g., some learn quickly and are able to remember and use what they have learned in new situations; others need repeated practice and have difficulty maintaining and generalizing new knowledge and skills). The differences among most children are relatively small, enabling these children to benefit from the general education program. The physical attributes and/or learning abilities of some children, however—those called exceptional children—differ from the norm (either below or above) to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education and related services to fully benefit from education. The term exceptional children according to Heward, W. L. (2006 ) includes children who experience difficulties in learning as well as those whose performance is so superior that modifications in curriculum and instruction are necessary to help them fulfill their potential. Thus, exceptional children is an inclusive term that refers to children with learning and/or behavior problems, children with physical disabilities or sensory impairments, and children who are intellectually gifted or have a special talent. Although the terms impairment, disability, and handicap are sometimes used interchangeably, they are not synonymous. Impairment refers to the loss or reduced function of a particular body...
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...All children in early childhood classrooms need fostering and motivating environments for learning, but for disabled children, many typical experiences need to be modified to promote their development (Turnbull, A., Turnbull, R., & Wehmeyer, M. ,2010). These modifications can, at times, seem overwhelming to the busy classroom teacher who must consider whether to modify the surrounding, the equipment in the classroom, the supplies, the activities, or the opportunity that the child has in the classroom. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Behavioral Issues encompass children with a variety of biological or environmental behavioral issues. “Until the child is five to six years old, most physicians will not diagnose them” (Reif, S.,1993). We do see children exhibit these characteristics as early as preschool and kindergarten. Three- or four year old children are less likely to be diagnosed due to their active life style and being easily distracted through play. “The degree to which this behavior is manifested and interferes with skill acquisition is what separates a typical high activity level from one that is dysfunctional. These children are often in constant motion and may not have had adequate practice in basic developmental skill” (Novick, 1991) Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and Behavioral Disorders encompass characteristics such as: * Cannot attend to any activity for more than a couple of minutes. * Body is in Constant motion * Acts...
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...Shea & Bauer Chapter 1 Project # 1 p. 27- Relate the principles of normalization, fairness, and respect to the standards of the Council for Exceptional Children for the ethical application of behavior management interventions. My Response: First off, to be able to relate these principles to the standards, one needs to understand the principles. The principles of normalization is according to (Shea & Bauer, 2012, p. 11), “to let the person with a disability or who varies from his or her peers obtain an existence as close to the ‘norm’ as is possible”. The principle of fairness on the other hand is “due process of law”, which is a more formal way to try and change the student (Shea & Bauer, 2012, p. 11). Lastly, the principle of respect...
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...On University of Toledo's campus, there is a student directed organization called the Council for Exceptional Children. This organization helps support the beliefs and mission of Council for Exceptional Children. Exceptional children are those who have disabilities such as autism, deafness, deaf-blindness, specific learning abilities, etc. Students at the university can become members and volunteer their time for these children, aging anywhere from five to eighteen, with disabilities in order to help them prepare for the real world. The CEC’s mission statement is as follows, “The Council for Exceptional Children is a professional association of educators dedicated to advancing the success of children with exceptionalities. We accomplish our mission through advocacy, standards, and professional development.” (Council for Exceptional Children). This mission is upheld with their three core values, visionary thinking, integrity, and inclusiveness. These three values are demonstrated through different ways. The first value, visionary thinking is established through forward-thinking and courageous decision making in order to help influence the evolving environment. The second value, integrity is demonstrated by...
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...There are various arguments on whether the labeling of exceptional children is beneficial or a hindrance. There are individuals that proclaim labeling is necessary, while others state that the negatively impact that it carries emotionally harms children, negating the benefits that may accompany labeling. Like many other topics of discussion labeling is denoted with several pros and cons. The permanence of labeling is a con that is one of the main objections that arise in regards to labeling. A permanent reminder that has the potential to affect an individual’s self-esteem, further causing them to hold the belief that there are things that they are not be able to achieve. The fact that individuals limit what an exceptional child has the potential...
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...The Life and Teachings of Elders Nelson and Oaks Life of Elder Nelson I love how Elder Nelson set an example of the importance of family. His children shared Sister Nelson’s feelings. Over the years, they’ve never questioned their dad’s love for them, each feeling that she or he was the favorite child. Quote from his child “I never felt Dad was too busy for me,” “We spent lots of time together.” Even with a difficult schedule, he made time to establish a lasting relationship with each one. Since he had to travel extensively, he often took one family member with him, either Sister Nelson or one of the children. Rather than considering this an extravagance, he viewed it as a wise investment. Testimony of Elder Nelson Elder Nelson’s personal preparation, his many Church and family experiences, and his profession have all enhanced his testimony. Having spent his life dealing with medical law, he looks at his faith with the eye of a scientist, as well as with that of a disciple: “I think a surgeon is in a unique position to understand one of God’s greatest creations—the human body. Every segment of the body motivates me to faith.” Ask the missionaries! They Can Help You! October 2012 General Conference Saturday Morning Session Key Doctrines and Principles Elder Nelson tells how it is Christ's church that was brought back after the dark ages by Jesus and was restored and is functioning under His divine direction. He goes on to talk more about the missionaries...
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...knowing the causes of why so many youth end up in juvenile delinquency. Based on an Article back on 1999, students between the ages of 12 and 18 approximately 186,000 where victims of violence crime in school and 476,000 while away from school (National Center for Educational Statistics 2001). That is a situation that should have not be acceptable, one of the biggest causes of Juvenile Delinquency is the lack of attention that parents give to their children. There are parents who give poor directions to children, fail to structure their behavior and do not reward or punish appropriately. “…our prediction was that the highest levels of antisocial behavior would occur where poor attachment between parent and child was combined with poor controls.” (Hoge, Andrews, and Leschied, 1994, p. 547). Two other causes are a child being abuse physically and mentally at an early age, and low self-esteem. There are many much factors and causes that if we all take in consideration and with the help of the government we can help our youth to children of good and grow with being...
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...Activity | Hazards | Likelihood | Severity | Controls | Drawing (Arts and craft) | Sharp pencilsPaper cuts | 22 | 44 | Make sure pencils are not too sharp.Cello tape paper down to tables | Dinner time | Chocking on foodSharp utensils | 31 | 35 | Make sure food is cut up small enough for child not to choke on itDon’t leave utensils out or misplace sharp ones | Reading to children | Fall asleep and suffocateTry eating books | 11 | 35 | Make sure child doesn’t fall asleep sitting upDo not let children read books unsupervised | Taking children to toilets | Not cleaning child properlySlip on water | 32 | 34 | Making sure the child has been cleaned properly to prevent cross contaminationMake sure children are supervised | Playtime | Eat sand Weather | 23 | 43 | Make sure child is supervised at all timesMake sure child is correctly dressed at all times | P3: Carry out a risk assessment in a health or social care setting. M2: Assess the hazards identified in the health and social care setting. D1: Make recommendations in relation to the identified hazards to minimise the risks to the service user group. In this assignment I will be talking about the risk assessment that I carried out in a nursery. I will be talking about the risks that could take place and how likely it would be of the risk to take place, also I will be talking about the severity of the risk. A risk assessment is simply a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that...
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...knowing the causes of why so many youth end up in juvenile delinquency. Based on an Article back on 1999, students between the ages of 12 and 18 approximately 186,000 where victims of violence crime in school and 476,000 while away from school (National Center for Educational Statistics 2001). That is a situation that should have not be acceptable, one of the biggest causes of Juvenile Delinquency is the lack of attention that parents give to their children. There are parents who give poor directions to children, fail to structure their behavior and do not reward or punish appropriately. “…our prediction was that the highest levels of antisocial behavior would occur where poor attachment between parent and child was combined with poor controls.” (Hoge, Andrews, and Leschied, 1994, p. 547). Two other causes are a child being abuse physically and mentally at an early age, and low self-esteem. There are many much factors and causes that if we all take in consideration and with the help of the government we can help our youth to children of good and grow with being descent. References Sharon Mandel Ilanna. (2008). what causes Juvenile Delinquency? Retrieved from http://www.filthylucre.com/what-causes-juvenile-delinquency Schaefer Schiumo, Ginsberg Kristin, Potraka Amy (Eds). (2003, Aug) The Effectiveness of the warning signs Programming Educating Youth about Violence Prevention: A Study with Urban High School Students. (Vol.7, Issue 1, p1-8....
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...Chapter 15 1. Father of the country 2. “houses of refuge” 3. reform school 4. Illinois Juvenile Court Act 5. • The state is the “higher or ultimate parent” of all the children within its borders. • Children are worth saving, and nonpunitive procedures should be used to save the child. • Children should be nurtured. While the nurturing process is under way, they should be protected from the stigmatizing impact of formal adjudicatory procedures. • To accomplish the goal of reformation, justice needs to be individualized; that is, each child is different, and the needs, aspirations, living conditions, and so on of each child must be known in their individual particulars if the court is to be helpful. • Noncriminal procedures are necessary to give primary consideration to the needs of the child. The denial of due process can be justified in the face of constitutional challenges because the court acts not to punish, but to help. 6. Status offenses 7. • Notice, to comply with due process requirements, must be given sufficiently in advance of scheduled court proceedings so that reasonable opportunity to prepare will be afforded. • The probation officer cannot act as counsel for the child. His role in the adjudicatory hearing, by statute and in fact, is as arresting officer and witness against the child. There is no material difference in this respect between adult and juvenile proceedings...
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...delinquent behavior in some form exists in the majority of the youth present in the world today. Why juveniles present such behavior is an ongoing topic of discussion for law enforcement officials and agencies. There are many programs geared toward helping juveniles to cope with their issues and receive the help and treatment needed to be successful in life. In the city of Petersburg, Virginia there is a Firesetters Program. This program addresses the problem of fires set by children. A Juvenile Firesetter is a child typically between the ages of 4 and 14 who exhibits an unusual interest or curiosity in fires, or a child with a history of fire play. This program also seeks to find the reason behind the setting of fires or what triggers the child to set fires. Some reasons could be the divorce of parents, frustration, anger, loneliness, a crisis at home, death, or issues or problems at school ( City of Petersburg, 2015). This program also meets with the parents and the child or children to conduct confidential sessions with the Public Educator or Fire Marshal. An interview is conducted to try to find out how long the problem has existed, the primary reason for it, and the dangers associated with it. An evaluation is done and follow up visits are scheduled for the child. Another diversion program in the state of Virginia is the Community Services Program. This program allows youth to work without pay in a government or non-profit agency and it is an ...
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...Healthy Children.org Attention spans of 6- to 9-year-olds are still short (no joke), and there is difficulty trying to process information from many sources. Most of these children still need a more in-depth form of show-and tell for instruction. Do not expect them to remember long, detailed directions and carry them out completely, or you risk an episode of brain overload. Unrealistic expectations from instructors can lead to unpleasant situations if children are not able to complete a laundry list of plays. Visual and verbal teaching in short segments is a much more successful approach. Instructors and children feel a sense of accomplishment when many small tasks are completed successfully rather than partially completing a large, complicated task. Remember, some of us are still memory-challenged as adults and can’t even remember a grocery list without writing it down. Thank goodness for little sticky notes. Sports and activities with complex skills require quick assessment of a situation, rapid decision making, and mature levels of transitional skills. Examples of a few of these sports are the more advanced forms of soccer, basketball, hockey, volleyball, baseball, water polo, softball, lacrosse, and football. By all means, kids can be learning the basics of these sports at young ages, but do not expect high levels of performance in most kids in this age group because the development of their memory and complex thinking patterns is still limited. As usual, there are...
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...Juvenile Delinquency Every day child abuse and neglect takes it's toll on innocent young lives. Nearly five children die everyday in America from their abuse. ("National children," 2011) Not only does child abuse leave it's victims with physical and emotional scars, but it also cripples their chances of leading normal happy lives. Many of these children tend to lean towards unhealthy social behavior as a way to cope with their abuse, which in turn may make them a juvenile delinquent. Child abuse is not a recent development. It has existed for thousands of years. However parents and society from thousands of years ago saw no problem with the way their children and other people's children were being disciplined. In fact children in that time had little to no rights and were mostly considered a nuisance and unimportant. Luckily for children today that opinion has changed. Unfortunately there are still thousands of children out there who are considered a nuisance and unimportant to their parent or guardian. Although physical abuse is the most critical, there are other types that can be just as damaging and leave their own set of scars. Other forms of abuse include emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. It's hard to say whether one form is more damaging than another. All forms of abuse can cause a child to have difficulties later on in life. Some of these difficulties may include damage to a child's sense of self, their ability to maintain healthy relationships, and their...
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...specific delinquency problem must accept the fact that it is a long and thoughtful process, often one of discouragement and delay. It is expensive in terms of money, time and effort. It need hardly be pointed out, however, that the results of delinquency are twice as costly. From all our knowledge of delinquents and delinquency, there is no reassuring evidence of a formula or recipe for prevention. What emerges clearly, from many studies and reports and surveys, is that delinquent behaviour must be the concern of the entire community, not just dismissed as a problem to be handled by local schools, churches, police courts or professional agencies. It should be recognized as their problem by the citizens of a community even when their own children are not remotely involved. But in many big cities in the world, the very word community is a mockery and without true meaning. Most urban centres are not communities in any real sense of the word. Therefore, in just such an instance, a beginning must be made at the very level where delinquency occurs-on the block, in a neighbourhood, in a district. The very lack of a community, a word...
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...ethical dilemma central to the plot of the movie. The ethical dilemma portrayed was the fear tactics used by the CEO of Monsters, Inc., Mr. Henry J. Waternoose to keep the employees from forming relationships with children. Mr. Waternoose has created a culture of fear among his employees by creating the Child Detection Agency to remove contamination caused by children. Mr. Waternoose knows that the threat of toxicity does not exist, as depicted in the scene where Waternoose simply picks up the human child when the child first enters his sight. All other monsters run upon first sight of the child but because Waternoose is responsible for creating this culture of fear, he knows the child is not toxic. 2. How does the movie resolve the ethical dilemma? I was amazed at the ease of how the ethical dilemmas presented in this film were resolved. The issue was resolved at the end of the movie with the disbandment of the CDA, and the scenes of free floating toys from human world to monster world. All monsters easily accepted the truth that children are not toxic, nor have they ever been toxic. 3. Think of alternate solutions and how they might have changed the story. Alternative Solution: At Monsters Inc. all the monsters had this myth that the children are toxic. If they would have start meetings devoted to letting people watch at a distance the nonexistent effects of the myth. Letting people see with their own eyes the myth dissolving is at times enough to persuade...
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