...THE USE OF BIOMASS WASTES TO FABRICATE CHARCOAL SUBSTITUTES IN KENYA Feasibility Study forming part of the Shell Foundation-supported project on charcoal briquetting in Kenya March 2004 Chardust Ltd. P.O. Box 24371 Nairobi and Spectrum Technical Services P.O. Box 69993 Nairobi Executive Summary This study was designed by Chardust Ltd. and implemented jointly by Chardust and Spectrum Technical Services, a Nairobi-consulting firm. The aim was to determine the viability of producing briquetted charcoal fuel from biomass wastes in Kenya. The study was funded by the Shell Foundation and conducted over a two month period in late 2003. The viability of producing fuel commercially from biomass wastes was assessed from four perspectives: (a) Availability: Existence and accessibility of biomass in bulk, preferably with no competing uses. The study began with a list of 28 potential wastes, which was narrowed down to 20 and then to just ten, according to a ranking system based upon basic availability and accessibility. (b) Conversion Potential: Physical suitability for drying, carbonisation and briquetting. Samples of the ten short-listed wastes were sourced and delivered to Chardust in Nairobi, where production trials were carried out. Based on these trials, a ranking system was devised for comparing the wastes in terms of their suitability for fuel production. (c) Fuel Quality: Energy value and general performance of fabricated fuel. The third part of the study comprised...
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...Internship Report (Almas Foods Industries) BBA Program Summer 2014 Submitted To Prof. Nisar Ahmad By Rao Shafae Ali Khan L1F11BBAM2047 UCP Business School University of Central Punjab Welcome Almas Foods Industries – 5 KM Qazi Wala Road, Haroon Abad Punjab, Pakistan Tel: +0092-63-2017280 Email: Almas_foods@live.com Acknowledgement The internship opportunity I had with Almas Foods Industries was a great chance for learning and professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky individual as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for having a chance to meet so many wonderful people and professionals who led me though this internship period. Bearing in mind previous I am using this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to the MD Mr. Awais Sharif who in spite of being extraordinarily busy with his duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path and allowing me to carry out my internship at their esteemed organization. I express my deepest thanks to Mr. Awais Sharif, for taking part in useful decision & giving necessary advices and guidance and arranged all facilities to make life easier. I choose this moment to acknowledge his contribution gratefully. It is my radiant sentiment to place on record my best regards, deepest sense of gratitude to Prof. Nisar Ahmad for his careful and precious guidance which was extremely valuable for my internship...
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...having common interest to farming is: the land is very fertile and most of the part of Bangladesh is plain. Another interesting thing is Bangladeshi people naturally good in farming. Agricultural sector is the single largest contributor to GDP. The crop sub-sector dominates the agriculture sector contributing about 72% of total production. Fisheries, livestock and forestry sub-sectors are 10.33%, 0.11% and 7.33% Respectively. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY These research objectives regarding our assignment are – ➢ To know about agriculture. ➢ To know about the Agriculture in Bangladesh ➢ To describe the Paddy Rice Sector in Bangladesh ➢ To know, Paddy Rice Production Cost in Bangladesh ➢ To find out estimates of Boro Rice in Bangladesh, 2010-2012. ➢ To describe the cost of Boro Rice Production during the April-June 2009 Harvesting Season ➢ To measure cost of Production of Boro Paddy in Comilla, 2013 ➢ To Measure cost and Return of HYV Boro Paddy in Comilla District ➢ To find out Problems of Agriculture in Bangladesh ➢ To reveal Opportunities of Agriculture in Bangladesh ➢ Recommend some necessary steps to solve the existing problems. METHODOLOGY Assigned report topic is “Measuring the cost of production and return of boro paddy in Comilla district”. The paper is based on both primary and secondary data sources. Data and information from secondary sources were collected by consulting various relevant journals, studies conducted by various...
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...About Agriculture Agriculture in India has a significant history. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 16.6% of the GDP in 2009, about 50% of the total workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India. History The invention of agriculture is one of the great revolutions of human history. It includes the food production and domestication which led to significant changes in human society, population increase and biological changes. However, this revolution is best demonstrated at Mehargarh (Period-I Neolithic period) in which the sense of the revolution ultimately set the platform for the rise of urbanization in the Indian Subcontinent.[16] In the period of the Neolithic revolution (roughly 8000-5000 BCE.), agriculture was far from the dominant mode of support for human societies. But those who adopted it, have survived and increased, and passed their techniques of production to the next generation. This transformation of knowledge was the base of further development in agriculture. Vedic literature provides some of the earliest written record of agriculture in India. Rigveda hymns, for example, describe ploughing, fallowing, irrigation...
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...Diliman Quezon City December 2015 ii Abstract The study is aimed (1) to quantify the demand for fuel requirements and powerplant capacity in the province of Iloilo for the next 30 years, and (2) prioritize the energy sources, conversion technologies and powerplant sites available in the province. Electricity consumption from the five sectors (residential, commercial, transportation, industrial, and agricultural) were calculated using different models and assumptions. These values were projected to the year 2045 in order to predict the total electricity demand on the daily, weekly, monthly and yearly bases. There is an average of 262.28 MW demand from the computed consumptions which was translated to fuel requirements considering the existing, upcoming, decommissioning, and the reserve. A total of 284.77 MW plant capacity was calculated for 2045. Assuming that bituminous coal will be used as the main fuel for running a Coal-fired powerplant in the future, a fuel requirement of 12.25 kg/s was obtained. From the different types of the considered fuel sources and technologies, an underfed stoker Coal-fired powerplant appeared to be the best pick for Iloilo based on the Edward’s model applied to the screening. A site from Barotac Viejo town in Iloilo resulted to be the top location for a coal-fired powerplant for the whole province. iii Table of Contents Abstract ii...
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...The Impact of Science and Technology on the Agricultural Era From about 10,000 years ago, groups of people in several areas around the world began to abandon the foraging lifestyle that had been successful, universal and largely unchanged for millennia (Lee & DeVore 1968). They began to gather, then cultivate and settle around, patches of cereal grasses and to domesticate animals for meat, labor, skins and other materials, and milk. The earliest civilizations all relied primarily on cereal agriculture. Cultivation of fruit trees began three thousand years later, again in the Middle East, and vegetables and other crops followed (Zohari 1986). Cultivation of rice began in Asia about 7000 years ago (Stark 1986). HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 1884 Arnold Toynbee coined the phrase ‘the Industrial Revolution’ to describe the great changes in the organization, methods and productivity which took place in late eighteenth-century England. Not surprisingly historians soon dubbed the parallel changes in agriculture ‘the Agricultural Revolution’ … approximately 1760 and 1820 the farming of this country underwent and equally abrupt and radical change (Grigg, 1967). As humans began to form permanent settlements and gave up traveling in search of food, agriculture was born. The foods we eat, the clothing we wear, the materials we use in our everyday lives is agriculture. The term agriculture refers to a wide variety of things, it is the science, art and occupation of cultivating the soil...
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...STAPLE FOODS VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS COUNTRY REPORT - MALAWI November 2009 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. The author‘s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACE AGRA AISP ADMARC CISANET CPL CHDI COMESA COMPETE EAC FEWSNET FNSJTF GAC GMAC GOM GTPA ICRISAT MACE MBS MoAFS MoIT MRA NASFAM NEPAD NFRA NPQS NSO SMIP SPS SABI SADC SFRFFM USAID VCA WFP WRS Agriculture Commodity Exchange for Africa Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa Agriculture Input Subsidy Program Agriculture Development and Marketing Board Civil Society for Agriculture Network Chibuku Products Ltd. Clinton Hunger Development Initiative Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Competitiveness and Trade Expansion Programme East African Community Famine Early Warning System Network Food Nutrition and Security Joint Task Force Group Action Committee Grain Marketing Advisory Council Government of Malawi Grain Traders and Processors Association International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange Malawi Bureau of Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Ministry of Industry and Trade Malawi Revenue Authority National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi New Partnership for...
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...“CREDIT APPRAISAL PROCESS ON WORKING CAPITAL FINANCE IN HDFC BANK (MSME)” A summer internship project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By BIPIN CHANDU M Register No 1220310 Under the guidance of PROF. KRISHNA M C Institute of Management Christ University, Bangalore MBA 2012-2014 DECLARATION I, , do hereby declare that the summer internship project entitled Credit Appraisal Process on Working Capital Finance at HDFC Bank (MSME) has been undertaken by me for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration. I have completed this study under the guidance of Prof. Krishna M, Professor of Finance, Institute of Management, Christ University, Bangalore. I also declare that this project work has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship or fellowship or any other title in this University or any other university Place: Bangalore Date: (Name & Signature of the Candidate) Bipin Chandu M Register No 1220310 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the summer internship project submitted by Mr Bipin Chandu M on the title “Credit Appraisal Process on Working Capital Finance at HDFC Bank (MSME)” is a record of research work done by him during the academic year 2012 – 14 under my guidance and supervision in partial fulfilment of Master of Business Administration. This project work has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship or fellowship...
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...brewing for many reasons. Malted barley has a high complement of enzymes for converting its starch supply into simple sugars and contains protein, which is needed for yeast nutrition. Of course, one important element is its flavor. There are two types of barley: six-row and two-row. [pic] Pale Ale Malt Barley Malt Six-row Barley Malt Generally, six-row barley has a higher enzyme content, more protein, less starch, and a thicker husk than two-row barley. The higher level of diastatic enzymes makes six-row barley desirable for conversion of adjunct starches (those that lack enzymes) during mashing. On the down side, the higher protein content can result in greater break material (hot and cold), as well as possibly increased problems with haze in the finished beer. The husk is...
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...APEX MINING CO., INC. May 2, 2011 PHILIPPINE STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. Disclosure Department Tower One and Exchange Plaza Ayala Triangle, Ayala Avenue Makati City Attention: Ms. Janet Encarnacion Head, Disclosure Dept. Dear Ms. Encarnacion: We are submitting herewith SEC Form 17-A for the year ended December 31, 2010. Very truly yours, ROSANNA A. PARICA Corporate Information Officer Head Office: Unit 1704 17th Floor, Prestige Tower Condominium, F. Ortigas Jr. Road, Ortigas Center , Pasig City 1605 Tel. Nos.: 706-2805/706-2806 * Fax No.: 706-2804 Minesite: Maco, Compostela Valley COVER SHEET 4 0 6 2 1 S.E.C. Registration Number A P E X M I N I N G C O . I N C . (Company's Full Name) 1 7 T H F. O R T I F L OOR G A S J R P R E S T R D I G E T O W E R P A S I G C I T Y O R TI GA S (Business Address: No. Street City/Town//Province) ROSANNA A. PARICA Contact Person 706-2805 Company Telephone Number 1 2 Month 3 1 Day SEC Form 17-A FORM TYPE 0 6 Month 3 0 Day Fiscal Year Annual Meeting Secondary License Type, If Applicable Dept. Requiring this Doc. Amended Articles Number/Section Total Amount of Borrowings of Stockholders Domestic Foreign To be accomplished by SEC Personnel concerned File Number LCU Document I.D. Cashier STAMPS ck ink for scanning purposes SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION SEC FORM 17-A ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 17...
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...attracted large coverage both domestically and internationally. It has been the most persistent and unmanageable problem facing both developed and developing nations of the world. The fact remains that a hundred percent employment exist in no nation of the world. All nations experience at least a minute proportion if not large rate of unemployment and a major macroeconomic goal of most if not all nations is to combat unemployment problems in their economies. Unemployment has been categorized as one of the serious impediments to social welfare. Apart from representing a colossal waste of a country’s manpower resources, it generates welfare loss in terms of lower output, thereby leading to lower income and wellbeing. The need to avert the negative effects of unemployment has made the tackling of unemployment problem to feature very prominently in the development objectives of many developing countries. One of the steps taken by the Nigerian government to reduce the problem of unemployment in Nigeria was the establishment of National Directorate of Employment (NDE). Unemployment has been defined as the absence of a job by an able bodied person. It is a term often denoting the percentage of people in the labour force who are not working. The concept of unemployment is not an entirely new one in Nigeria. Patrick Koshoni, (2005), a former Labour Minister has this to say “The problem of mass unemployment is not new, it has been with us with various degree for the past decades. Increasing...
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...revolution 3. Modernization II. Europe……………………………………………….. 9 1. England 2. Scotland 3. Rest of Europe III. U.S.A………………………………………………... 17 1. The growth of U.S. industry. 2.Organization of industrial relations. 3.Agriculture. IV. Developments and innovations……………………… 24 1. Colonialism 2. Apprenticeship 3. Science and technology 4. Machine tools 5. Textiles 6. Steam engines 7. Locomotives and Steamboats 8. The Electric Telegraph 9. Architecture 10. Rubber 11. Lighting 12. Time V. Conclusions………………………………………... 42 VI. Bibliography………………………………………… 44 3 I. General Concept 1. The First Industrial Revolution Between 1760 and 1830 the Industrial Revolution was mainly confined to Britain. Being aware of its head start on other countries, Britain forbade the export of machinery, skilled workers and manufacturing techniques. This could not last, as many Britons saw profitable industrial opportunities abroad and continental European businessmen were keen to lure British know-how to their countries. Belgium became the first country in continental Europe to be transformed economically, having machine shops set up in Liège (c.1807) by two Englishmen, William and John Cockerill. Like Britain, the Belgian Industrial Revolution centred on iron, coal and textiles. The industrialization of France was slower and less thorough than that of Britain and Belgium. At the time that Britain was establishing her industrial leadership, France was immersed...
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...Southwestern University The Graduate School of Health Science, Management and Pedagogy In Compliance for the Course Requirement in MBA 518 FOOD AND NUTRITION MANAGEMENT Submitted to: Prof. Israel N. Abarratigue Course Adviser Submitted by: Tisha Marie R. Ongcoy MBA- HRM – 1 ASSIGNED TOPIC OUTPUT AND COMPILATION TOPIC : Maintenance of Health through Good Nutrition and Safety Food Practices CONTENTS: 1. Food Related Illness and Allergies 2. Hygiene, Sanitation and Safety Control in Food REFERRENCES: * US NRA ServSafe® Food Manager Certification Course 2011 Module 1. FOOD RELATED ILLNESS AND ALLERGIES 2.1 CLASSIFYING FOODBORNE ILLNESS a. Foodborne Infections * Results when a person eats food contaminating pathogens, which then grow in the intestines and cause illness b. Foodborne Intoxications * Results when a person eats food containing toxins that cause illness c. Foodborne Toxin-Mediated Infections * Result when a person eats food containing pathogens, which then produce illness-causing toxins in the intestines 2.2 BACTERIA THAT CAUSE FOODBORNE ILLNESS a. Bacteria: Basic Characteristic * Living, single-celled organism * Can be carried by food, water, soil, animals, humans or insects * Can be reproduced very rapidly under favorable conditions * Some survive freezing * Some change into a different from called spores to...
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...Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 34 Agricultural Research and Poverty Reduction Peter Hazell and Lawrence Haddad International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 U.S.A. August 2001 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP (TAC), CONSULTATIVE GROUP Copyright © 2001 International Food Policy Research Institute All rights reserved. Sections of this report may be reproduced without the express permission of but with acknowledgment to the International Food Policy Research Institute. ISBN 0-89629-639-3 Foreword v Acknowledgments vi 1. Introduction 1 2. The Nature and Extent of Poverty 3 3. How Agricultural Research Can Help the Poor 9 4. Targeting Agricultural Research to Benefit the Poor 18 5. Strategies for Pro-Poor Agricultural Research 26 6. The Role of Public Research and Extension Systems 35 References 37 Contents iii Tables 1. Trends in child malnutrition in developing countries, by region, 1970–95 6 2. Distribution of land types by region 6 3. Distribution of malnourished children by agroecological zone, 1990 7 4. Comparison of low- and middle-income countries 21 5. Priorities for agricultural research to reduce national poverty by type of adopting region 24 Figures 1. Number of people living on less than $1 a day, 1987 and 1998 4 2. Those living with HIV/AIDS and those newly infected: Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa...
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...achieving its goals. The study about organization is termed as organization study. Organization affects the quality of human life in modern society. The study of organization is thus very essential for understanding the behaviour of human being. Organization can be studied in two perspectives that are micro and macro. In micro perspective, the focus of study is on individuals. It concerns itself with each individual’s psychological makeup, his interaction with other individuals and groups. The micro view of individuals in organization is recognized as a discipline called organizational behaviour. The macro view considers organization as the unit of analysis in place of an individual. It is concerned with organization as the unit of analysis in place of an individual. It is concerned with organizational goals, organizational structure, technologies used in organization and how organization interact with the environment. The macro perspective is recognized as a discipline called organizational theory. Both these aspects taken together to present a complete picture of organizational study. The organization study is a relevant part of our MBA program; this would enable to meet and attain a practical and real time feed of various aspects concern and to relate it to be concept and theory studies in the classroom. This exercise would help the future managers to meet the challenges lying ahead. All organizations are required to handle multiple problems and procedures. The intention of...
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