... | Contents Executive Summary 3 1- Introduction 4 1.1 Background to the report 4 1.2 Scope 4 1.3 Aims 5 2- Discussion 6 2.1 Organizational Justice 6 2.2 Perception errors 7 2.3 Stress 7 2.4 Exit-Voice- loyalty-Neglect model 8 2.5 Team work 8 2.6 Motivation 9 3- Literature review 9 3.1 Organizational Justice 9 3.2 Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory 12 3.3 Expectancy theory 14 4- Solutions and suggestions 18 4.1 Organisational Justice 18 4.2 Stress 19 4.3 Improving feedback process 20 5- Conclusion 21 References 23 Executive Summary There are three purposes for this report. It attempts to indentify the problems in the case study Not as Easy as 1, 2, 3. Accordingly, it discusses about six main problems in ABC consulting firm that have negative impact on the organization effectiveness and the productivity of the objectives. These problems are; ABC consulting organization failed in implemented the organizational justice. Next one is the perception errors of Janet, the client manager and human resource director. The third problem is George was forced in the stress situation and George’s dissatisfaction about job and work...
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... Company Background and Stats: a. Major Products and Services: Google is one of the largest internet search engines which provides maps, images, news, shopping, social networking, translations, advertising space, and Droid products. b. Number of Employees: 32,467 (Total full time)(“Mergent”). c. Annual Revenue: 37,905,000,000 (“Mergent”) 3. Observable Components of Company Motivation Strategy: d. Component 1: Google’s Compensation Motivation. Google employees receive individually tailored compensation packages. With the custom pay packages, employees receive competitive salaries, and get to choose from a wide variety of benefits to create compensation packages that are tailored to each employee’s personal needs and wants (“Benefits”). This idea behind compensation is good motivation because it makes employees feel that their inputs are worth the outputs they receive. When equity exists, people are motivated to continue contributing their current levels of inputs to their organizations to receive the current level of outputs (Jones & George, 2011). e. Component 2: Founders’ Awards Google awards employees that work hard on outstanding projects that add enormous value to the company. These awards are handed out in stock options, but can be...
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...position vacated by his supervisor who retired. Bob reported directly to Beverly Sadowsky, then 1st V.P. now C.O.O. of Adventure Plus. Beverly and Bob’s working relationship worked perfectly. Beverly’s hands off management style and delegation of responsibilities, gave Bob the challenges he was looking for at corporate. However, after Beverly’s promotion to C.O.O., Bob faced with the autocratic and micromanaging style of George, from auditing with a successful professional track record at work and in the community, who wanted to be involved in every detail of job and kept putting post-it notes to let Bob know about inaccuracies, which made him routinely bump on the tasks. Diagnosis Failure to appropriately transition from Beverly’s hands off management style to George’s deeply involved hands on style provide to be a negative and stressful experience for Bob. Not having the autonomy to supervise his department as he saw fit was not the challenge Bob wanted. “Post-It” notes citing Bob’s failure to do as he was instructed became the main feedback notification from George...
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...Use the Expectancy theory to explain why the student’s motivation decline to such an extent that they destroyed the bottles of chili sauce. What is Expectancy Theory of Motivation? “Expectancy theory is a motivation based on the idea that work efforts is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcome” (McShane, page 132). Expectancy (Effort to Performance), Instrumentality (Performance to outcome) and Valence (reward/ outcome) are three key elements in expectancy theory, work together and range of probability is between 0 to 1 and -1 to +1(valance) and if any of the element is missing motivation become zero. Factor influence of students “Motivation Declined” Expectancy theory relay on external and internal behavior toward motivation. Working at the Chili Sauce Plant Bill, John and Robert faced new challenges and did not receive any recognition and motivation for their work. From very first day working with neuroticism, self efficacy George, student’s efforts lead to poor job performance and they ready to quit but their goal and physiological need insist to stay, face the strong working situational challenges. Lunenburg (2011) assert that “leader should try to increase the belief that employees are capable of performing the job successfully”. Rahim’s as a manager focus directive behaviour, avoidance policies, individualism values among co-worker discourage student to trust on him and to that bring issues which affecting their performance...
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...Question 1: Motivation Table of Contents Introduction 3 What is Motivation 3 Why is understanding motivation important for mangers 4 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 4 Expectancy theory 5 Reinforcement theory 6 In relation to employee performance which theory should a Manager adopt 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction Motivation is a broad topic and is at times not clearly understood and often poorly practiced. There are many major factors that mangers conveniently use to escape majority or all the blame of their organisational problems. One would be that whenever things go wrong some managers tend to point out that the problem(s) have occurred due to lack of motivation from employees (“Employee-motivation strategies,” 1999). Theodore Roosevelt once said, "the best …[manger] is the one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, and self-restraint enough to keep from meddling with them while they do it" (“Employee-motivation strategies,” 1999). Essentially the manager's obligation is to develop employee’s skill and harness their capabilities as much as possible for the development of the organisations they belong to (“Employee-motivation strategies,” 1999). The paper aims to provide an understanding in regards to the importance of human motivation. It will outline and discuss three motivational theories and how mangers may apply these theories to improve employee performance (Halepota, 2005). Having knowledge about motivation theories can help...
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...Offshore The number one resource of any business is its employees; keeping employees motivated and energized is a way to meet a company’s organizational goals. Most companies understand that a happy employee is a productive employee. Pfizer understands that concept and that is why they have launched their new program, PfizerWorks; whereby shifting tedious and time consuming tasks offshore. PfizerWorks is the brainchild of Jordan Cohen, the architect and head of this new program. Cohen recalls seeing one of his recruits from the consulting firm McKinsey & Co., a new father stay late at the office one night to crunch number and search for information on the Web. To Cohen, it didn’t seem like the time best spent (Jones & George, 2011, p. 322). This observation brought about the creation of ‘PfizerWorks’ which is a tool that addresses the concerns of employees having to do tedious and time consuming tasks. An article in Business Week highlights the concerns of Pfizer’s employee, David Cain as noted in Essentials of Contemporary Management (2011): David Cain loves his job. Well, most of it anyway. Cain finds real satisfaction in...
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...Organizational Behavior Submitted To | | Submitted by | | Analysis of Cases Date: 13 December, 2013 Case#1 Treetop Forest Products Problem Statement The primary focus problem at treetops appears be lack of focus by management on packaging department; the packaging team at Treetop Forest is experiencing many problems. Their output was shrinking and affecting the rest of the departments adversely. The unproven employees were slacking off, not gelled together and were adopting norms that were not fitted with the company. Inventory costs and the risk of damaged stocks were also increasing. The quality of the finished products is also decreasing, resulting in a loss in the market share in the industry, hence being unable to compete with other companies. Because market was quite competitive. Cause of the problem As a result of there being no full time manager assigned to the packaging department the management at Treetop appears to have broken their psychological contract with the packaging department employees. Supervisor of other departments were bound to supervise packaging department as well, in addition to their normal duties. Social loafing was causing the decrease in productivity in the packaging team. The inclination to suppress physical or intellectual effort when performing a group...
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...In the last two decades, motivation becoming increasingly important in the workplace. Motivation was defined as the ‘psychological forces’ that determine the level of a person’s effort and persistence and the direction of a person’s behavious in an organization (Meyer et al., 2007: 425). As the base of organization, employee is regard as the most essential aspect in order to manage successfully and motivation is considered as the center of management because it explains why workers do in this way (Meyer et al., 2007:425). Moreover, it is concluded by French et al. (2008:156) that the motivation of employee is one of the keys to effective management to reach the objective of the organization. Therefore, this essay will analyze the application of both content and process motivation theories. To be more specific, Maslow’s theory will be explored in Hart Worldwide, followed by Herzberg’s Two-factor theory in Kwik-fit financial service and Vroom’s Expectancy theory in Nike. One of the most widely used theories about needs is by psychologist Abraham Maslow, who assumes that human needs are appeared continuously in a higher level. (Rollinson, 2008:202). Therefore, he arranged the needs in a hierarchy, which is portrayed as a pyramid of five different kinds of needs: physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness, esteem needs and self-actualization needs (Meyer et al., 2007:430). Moreover, he assumed that some needs are considered more basic than other needs, such as food and water...
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...through the perspectives of motivation. Literature review is provided to gain an insight into the area of motivation, and some of the models in which motivational factors are articulated. From the review, intrinsic motivation is a key to the prolonged development of competitive advantage. Nevertheless, extrinsic motivation acts as a foundational support for the development of such intrinsic motivators. The report investigates the nature of the SPC-Ardmona enterprise agreement in 2012 in relation to its motivational capacity upon employees. Findings suggest that the agreement relies heavily upon extrinsic motivators through financial rewards to motivate employees. Nevertheless, intrinsic motivation is ignored, and thus prevent the ability for the employees to gain motivation. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theories are applied in this instance to evaluate the advantages and flaws of such application of extrinsic motivation within the agreement. Furthermore, the report suggests that development of intrinsic empowerment of employees is a key factor in allowing greater productivity and competitive advantage to be developed. Finally, the report concludes that the enterprise agreement is not the ultimate cause of SPC-Ardmona’s performance failure. However, the cause can be attributed to the failure of unions and management in understanding the needs of the employees, and the requirement for intrinsic motivation within the organization. ...
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...Introduction “Introducing the practice of empowerment so as to replicate the successes that John Becker had achieved back home (McShane & Sheen, 2012)” did not occur as intended with the Regency Grand Hotel. The series of events that occurred thereafter led to deterioration and poor overall performance (McShane & Sheen, 2012). Incorrect implementation of empowerment is clearly the underlying cause for the hotel’s recent performance, which is explained by the Expectancy Theory of motivation and Dissatisfaction Model. Problem Empowerment was too quickly placed in action without the consideration of culture differences and previous working ethics. This led to hotel performance failure because of employee dissatisfaction. The Dissatisfaction model (Exit-voice-loyalty-neglect) explains how employees had responded to job dissatisfaction (McShane & Steen 2012). The Expectancy theory of motivation complements the previous theory in explaining how employees worked towards a particular outcome (McShane &Steen, 2012). Analysis “After meeting with the managerial team at The Regency Grand Hotel, Becker was pleased with the response from the managerial staff and was eager to have his empowerment plan implemented (McShane & Steen, 2012).” Managers in this meeting expressed loyalty (Dissatisfaction model) by merely accepting the current conditions and waiting for the problem to work itself out (McShane & Steen, 2012). Empowerment encourages employee autonomy, decision-making...
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...barriers for women is important for their status and recognition. Deloitte (2013a) is following this initiative, being a market leader in empowering women. This report will explain that leadership, motivation and human resource strategies have been used by Deloitte to effectively manage its employee’s behaviours through their vision of empowering women. This report will explain that culture in the Asian and Middle Eastern countries play a role in determining the strategies that a company can use. There will be an analysis critiquing the strategies that Deloitte have used, whether they have adopted the correct strategies and what strategies they should implement in the future. “Leadership is the process by which a person exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates and directs their activities to help achieve group or organisational goals” (Waddell, Jones & George, 2011, p. 172). Deloitte motivates and manages its employees through using the leadership theories of: House’s path goal theory; Vroom’s expectancy theory and transformational leaders. House’s path goal theory supports servant leadership. This means that the leader is not looked at from a position of power but rather as a life coach providing information and support to employees (House, 1996). House’s Path goal theory entails: offering rewards for the achievement of performance...
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...only in case if this decision would successfully be embodied in the employees’ affairs. And it can occur only in case if workers are interested in results of the work. For this reason, it is necessary to motivate the person, to induce to action. “Motivation is a combination of needs that influence behavior and action” (Kressler, 2003). In case if an employee is to successfully complete a task in any organization, he or she requires motivation, performance capacity and development potential in order to activate skills, experiences, talents and creative energies, and reach company goals. The main purpose of this assignment is the consideration and analysis of motivation theories (content & process theories), on which based the modern management within organization, for effective human resource management. Thus it is necessary to examine these theories in terms of its strength and weaknesses and also practical relevance in understanding what and how to motivate employee for organization. In order to gain the basic knowledge about the theories of motivation the Maslow’s theory of need will be considered and analyzed in terms of its strength and weaknesses and also practical relevance in organization. In his well-known theory Abraham Maslow proposed that individuals have a basic set of needs and that this needs are arranged as hierarchy of needs. (Maslow, Abraham H., 1987)...
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...they behave at work can also be affected. The values or the thoughts and feelings people have about their jobs and their work environment can determine their job satisfaction. Some are not concerned with the aspects of a job but mostly with the meaning of the work itself. Work motivation is the motivation within work and careers. It is generally the motivation to perform; however, when it comes to work it can mean other things as well. The motivation to stay and work, commit to a project or even quit a work group or organization is all examples of work motivation. The motivation to cooperate; work with others, share knowledge and to follow a leader is all aspects of work motivation. Motivation is important because it explains why employees behave as they do. One of the first steps to developing a motivational program is the managers. Since the downsizing, the workloads of most employees have been increased by about 30%. The managers need to see and know their employees’ values. Our text explains that “the employee’s motivation can be driven by making their work more interesting, giving them more freedom to make their own decisions, or expanding the number of activities they perform” (George, J., & Jones, G....
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...Reinforcement versus Goal Theory Lorraine Patterson OMM 625 Learning Organizations & Effectiveness Professor Renee Hill January 30, 2012 According to Edwin Locke the goal setting theory is a tool used for motivation. The theory states that goal setting is linked to task performance. The goal states “specifically challenging employees while using feedback will contribute to a higher and better performance while completing a task.”(Pane, S) The idea of working towards an accomplishment of a goal is a primary source of job motivation. Following successful performance, individuals gain confidence and will set higher goals. Research suggest that difficult goals will create a high level of performance than having to work on easy goals that, for which the challenges will allow an employee to feel that they did their best. Goal setting theory is broken down in the following manner. Managers must be specific and clear, as well as realistic yet challenging. Appropriate feedback of results directs employee to behave and contribute to a better performance. Feedback will gain reputation will develop clarification of a goal as well as regulate difficulties. (Sayer, S) Employee participation of setting goals is more acceptable and lead to more involvement. According to Sameed Sayer, the advantages of Goal Setting theory are as follows: * Goal setting theory is a technique used to raise incentives for employees...
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...Leadership and Motivation: a Practical Analysis Leadership Project Paper within: LEADERSHIP Authors: ALAURENT, Hervé HARRINGTON, Jaclyn KUPKE, Nils VACHEVA, Desislava WALACH, Joey Tutor: BRUNDIN, Ethel Jönköping December 2008 Table of Contents 1 Abstract 1 2 Introduction 1 2.1 Purposes 1 2.2 Mica’s perspective on Motivation 2 3 Transformational Leadership 2 3.1 Leadership and Temperament Congruence 3 4 Need Theory 4 5 Expectancy Theory 7 6 Conclusion 8 7 References 9 Abstract Motivation is an abstract concept that has been studied extensively over the years. The main issue with this concept is that it can not be measured, and at the same time is very hard to observe. Bryan Schaffer (2008) identified two principles in link with motivation: it is a function of the individual and the situation, and performance is a function of ability and motivation (which he also links to effort). Donna J. Plonczynski (2000) defined motivation as an “intrinsic determination toward goal attainment”, which is also composed of “components of personality and personal habits that indicate performance”. Humphreys and Einstein (2004) state that most motivation definitions focus on “the notion of enhancing and sustaining effort toward some desired goal-directed behaviour”. According to these findings, we could identify two important dimensions of motivation: individuality and goal. Individuality refers to the diversity of factors affecting...
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