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大学生创新创业训练计划项目

总结报告

项目名称 城镇居民及大学生过期药品回收模式的创新研究 项目类别 1 (1-创新训练、2-创业训练、3-创业实践) 项目负责人 俞戈沁 所在院系 国际金融贸易学院 其他成员 李彤、邓芳菲、邱依恬、曹悦 指导教师 罗雪梅 职称 教授

项目执行时间__2013_年__4 _月 至 2014_年_4 _月

原创性声明

本人郑重声明:所呈交的项目总结报告以及所完成的作品实物等相关成果,是本人和其他成员独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果,不侵犯任何第三方的知识产权或其他权利。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。

负责人签名:

日期: 年 月 日

项目指导教师审核签名:

日期: 年 月 日
城镇居民及大学生过期药品回收模式的创新研究
项目成员:俞戈沁 邱依恬 邓芳菲 李彤
指导老师:罗雪梅
【摘要】几年来,过期药品流向成为一个公众日益关注的问题。若对过期药品不管不问、放任自流,很可能会引发用药安全、环境污染等社会问题。因此,对待过期药品也应该像回收废旧电池一样,将其交由专门机构回收处理。那么,如何防止过期药品流入利欲熏心的药贩手中?如何才能鼓励居民按时将过期药品交由专门机构?专门机构回收后又会采取哪些措施来处理过期药品,又有哪些建议呢?这些都是食品药品监管部门和我们必须面对和解决的重大课题。
【关键词】 过期药品回收 不足 国内外 模式
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景
1.1.1 项目背景 随着我国社会经济的快速发展,人民的健康观念和意识不断加强,我国非处方管理制度的实施,使得消费者无需医生开处方即可自行判断、购买以及使用非处方药品,这也使得家中储存的药品品种增多、数量加大、储备过剩。与此同时,过期的药品也给消费者带来了潜在的安全隐患。据2006年一项社会调查表明,我国各大城市平均每个家庭有过期药215粒,其中30%~40%的药品超过有效期3年以上。我国约有78.6%的家庭存有备用药品,其中高达82.8%的家庭没有定期清理储存过期药品的习惯,90.1%的被调查者有将过期药品随意丢弃的经历。我国百分之三十的家庭备用药品超过有效期,能正确处理过期药品的居民比例更是不到百分之二十。过期药品流向成为一个公众日益关注的问题。以上数据表明,如果忽视对过期药品的处理将会给社会带来新的危害。
1.1.2 过期药品主要危害
1.1.2.1 对人体的危害 我国《药典》明确规定,一旦过了有效期,药品就成为劣药,不仅意味着药性失效,有些还可能发生霉变。若大剂量地服用,不但达不到预期的疗效,还有可能加大药品的毒副作用,服用后会直接危害人体健康。 具体来说,过期药品对人体的危害主要有以下几点: 1.药品过期后其有效成分含量降低,甚至还会导致药品化学成分的改变,对人体产生损害。比如,维生素C在空气中放置时间过长,容易被氧化,而氧化后的VC对人体有害。磺胺类、青霉素类药品过期,则容易引发过敏和休克。 2.有些药品明确规定需低温存放,在较高的室温下,药品自身可能分解出一些有害杂质,而这些杂质容易对人体造成一定的危害。 3.冲剂、蜜丸等加入赋型剂的药品,在一定温度下会发生霉变,这种霉变用肉眼往往是难以识辨的,在这种霉变下容易滋生细菌
1.1.2.1 对环境的危害 过期药品明确被归入“国家危险废物名录”,属于重要环境污染源之一。 药学专家表示,药品非常易于分解,对环境的污染主要有生物性、放射性及化学性三种,而化学性污染已成为土壤和水体最大杀手,过期药品正是此类污染源。
1.1.2.1 对社会的危害--扰乱药品市场 由于缺乏过期药品回收处理的正规渠道,农村和城市家庭过期药品目前并没有比较有效的处理办法。正是在这种情形下,出现了专门回收过期药品的地下药贩子。

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