...positive environment for children and young people 1.1 Describe what is meant by a positive environment A positive environment is where the children at all stages of development feel comfortable. For example having a baby room in the setting, the babies would have a large space to move around on the floor so there wouldn’t be the hazard of the baby falling. Having a child with a disability such as Down syndrome, the child would like somewhere quiet such as the reading corner or like being in the sensory room. If the child is 3-4 years old, they may want to stay inside and do dancing/ cooking or they may want to go outside and play on the bikes or with the parachute. 1.2 Identify regulatory requirements...
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...students feedback. The responses for the longer essay-style questions are intended to give some idea about how the exam questions might be answered. Again, these are not the only ways to answer such questions but they can be treated as one way of approaching questions of these types. Topic 1 Functionalist and New Right views of the family How have functionalist and New Right thinkers explained family life and the relationship between families and social change? 1 The organic analogy refers to the extended comparison made by functionalists between the human or other living body and society, with the organs of the body equivalent to institutions and structures in society. 2 Primary socialisation refers to the first and most important stage of the socialisation process by which young children absorb the norms and values of their culture, mainly from their parents. Note: make sure your answer explains both ‘primary’ and ‘socialisation’. 3 One way in which the nuclear family is more suited than other types of family to modern industrial society is that it allows for geographical mobility; it is easier to move a nuclear family to a new area for, say, a new job than to move an extended family. A second way is that the division of roles by gender means that the male breadwinner can work long hours in a workplace while his wife cares for the children and home. Note: the word ‘suggest’ in the question indicates that you do not have to provide evidence that...
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...Task 2: Describe conditions that affect the behaviour of children AO2 Childhood Stress and Anxiety What is stress and anxiety? Both adults and children can suffer from stress and anxiety. It is important to remember that just because someone may be small or young it doesn’t mean that they don’t have the same feeling as adults do. Children can experience all sorts of strong feelings about what is happening to them. Therefore it is natural for some children to suffer from anxiety and stress. Young children will be experiencing a lot of new things in their lives such as leaving their parents for the first time, starting nursery and school, having to make new friends, being in new environments, learning to trust people who aren’t their parents, learning new skills such as speaking, walking and toilet training. These can all become stressful times for children. In some circumstances it can be made even worse by having parents who are arguing or going through a divorce. This can cause a lot of stress on the child and the parents may not even know the true affect that the circumstances are having on the child. Also a death of a family member or friend can cause a lot of stress on a child. When someone is stressed then this can also lead to having anxiety problems as well. This means that when someone is stressed they may have feelings of anxiety. Anxiety is defined as ‘apprehension without apparent cause’ this means that anxiety can occur even when there is no immediate threat...
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...Child Psychology Developmental Transitions Developmental Transitions In the study of child development, adolescence refers to the second decade of the life span, roughly from ages 10 to 20. The word adolescence is Latin in origin, derived from the verb adolescere, which means "to grow into adulthood." In all societies, adolescence is a time of growing up, of moving from the immaturity of childhood into the maturity of adulthood. There is no single event or boundary line that denotes the end of childhood or the beginning of adolescence. Rather, experts think of the passage from childhood into and through adolescence as composed of a set of transitions that unfold gradually and that touch upon many aspects of the individual's behavior, development, and relationships. These transitions are biological, cognitive, social, and emotional (Laurence Steinberg, 2016). While there is much research to be done as to what creates the best environment for young adolescents, understanding their transition from childhood to adulthood may help adults know how to better support them. Children will find their bodies and minds beginning to change. For the young adolescent, these changes either come about too swiftly or too slowly, causing them to become painfully self-conscious about their appearance. Developmental transitions are an important juncture in people’s lives. For adolescents, two important transitions are from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to adulthood. Let’s explore...
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...Submitted To: Afreen Choudhury Lecturer Department of Marketing Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka How does Overcrowding Affect Human Being? Department of Marketing Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka “Leopards” Group Profile: SL NO | NAME | ID | 1 | S. M. Fahim Uddin | 20 | 2 | Ariful Islam | 92 | 3 | Shima Akter | 104 | 4 | Imran Hossain | 156 | 5 | Md. Tareq Hossain | 178 | Definition of overcrowding: According to the World Health Organization, overcrowding refers to the situation in which more people are living within a single dwelling than there is space for, so that movement is restricted, privacy secluded, hygiene impossible, rest and sleep difficult. The terms crowding and overcrowding are often used interchangeably to refer to the same condition. The effects on quality of life due to crowding may be due to children sharing a bed or bedroom, increased physical contact, lack of sleep, lack of privacy, poor hygiene practices and an inability to care adequately for sick household members. While population density is an objective measure of number of people living per unit area, overcrowding refers to people's psychological response to density. But, definitions of crowding used in statistical reporting and for administrative purposes are based on density measures and do not usually incorporate people’s perceptions of crowding. The social and psychological effects of overcrowding: The social and psychological effects...
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...A STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CHILDREN ENROLMENT IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION IN MOLO DISTRICT, ELBUGON DIVISION KENYA DECLARATION This Research is my original work and has not been submitted to any other university or college for the award of a degree or any other assessment in part or whole. DEDICATION This research work is dedicated first to the Almighty God who gave me the life, strength, patience and whose word has been a booster to my ego. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………. PAGE Declaration ……………………………………………………………………….ii Dedication ………………………………………………………………………. iii Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………... iv Table of contents ……………………………………………………………..….. v Abstract ………………………………………………...………………………...vi Acronyms………………………………………………………….…………… vii CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study..…………………………………………………….1 1.2 Statement of the problem.………………………………………….………….5 1.3 Purpose of the study…….…………………………………….……………….6 1.4 Objectives of the study………………………………………………………...6 1.5 Research Questions…….……………………………………………………...7 1.6 Significance of the study.…………………………………………………..….7 1.7 Scope of the study….……………………………………………………..…...8 1.8 Limitations of the study..……………………………………………………...8 1.9 Definition of Terms ……………………………………………….……….....9 1.10 Organization of the study ……………………………….……………….…10 vi CHAPTER TWO – LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Historical Development of Early Childhood Care & Education in Kenya……………………………………………………………………...17 2.2 Importance...
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...four identity statuses in Marcia’s theory? Define each of the four statuses using the component of crisis and commitment. * Identity achievement Having already explored alternatives, identity-achieved individuals are committed to a clearly formulated set of self chosen values and goals. They feel a sense of psychological well-being, of sameness through time, and of knowing where they are going. When asked how willing she would be to give up going into her chosen occupation if something better came along, Darla responded, “Well, I might, but I doubt it. I’ve thought long and hard about law as a career. I’m pretty certain it’s for me.” * Identity moratorium Moratorium means “delay or holding pattern.” These individuals have not yet made definite commitments. They are in the process of exploring—gathering information and trying out activities, with the desire to find values and goals to guide their lives. When asked whether he had ever had doubts about his religious beliefs, Ramón said, “Yes, I guess I’m going through that right now. I just don’t see how there can be a God and yet so much evil in the world.” * Identity foreclosure Identity-foreclosed individuals have committed themselves to values and goals without exploring alternatives. They accept a ready-made identity chosen for them by authority figures—usually parents but sometimes teachers, religious leaders, or romantic partners. When asked if she had ever reconsidered her political beliefs, Hillary...
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...Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) December 2011 Version 3.1 (February 2012) Qualification at a glance Subject area City & Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Assessment Fast track Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) 3978 19+ There are no entry requirements Portfolio of Evidence, Practical Demonstration/Assignment. Automatic approval is available for centres offering the 3172 Level 4 NVQ in Health and Social Care – Adults 100/4794/3 and the 3078 Level 4 NVQ in Leadership and Management for Care Services 500/4105/8 Learner logbook and Smartscreen Consult the Walled Garden/Online Catalogue for last dates City & Guilds number 3978-51 Accreditation number 600/0573/7 Support materials Registration and certification Title and level Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (Children and Young People’s Residential Management) Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (Children and Young People’s Management) Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (Children and Young People’s Advanced Practice) Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (Adults’ Residential Management) Level 5...
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...THE RELEVANCE OF INDIGENOUS CUSTOMARY EDUCATION PRINCIPLES IN THE FORMULATION OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION POLICY BOAZ Paper presented at the Fourth International Special Education Congress, Birmingham, 10-13 April 1995 University of Manchester School of Education April 1995 THE RELEVANCE OF INDIGENOUS CUSTOMARY EDUCATION PRINCIPLES IN THE FORMULATION OF SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION POLICY Joseph Kisanji INTRODUCTION The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education adopted at the World Conference on Special Needs Education in June 1994 reaffirmed commitment of the world community to “Education for All” and urged governments to “give the highest policy and budgetary priority to improve their education systems to enable them to include all children regardless of individual differences and difficulties”. The United Nations (1994) in its “Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities” urges Member States in Rule Number 6 to ensure special needs education “is an integral part of the education system”. These statements in support of the “Education for All” campaign which was given the blessing of the international community at the 1990 Jomtien Conference provide broad guidelines for national and local action. However, national governments have to unpack the guidelines to make "Education for All" a...
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...CHAPTER OUTLINE I. EXPLORING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Developmental psychology is concerned with the course and causes of developmental changes over a person’s entire lifetime. What does “genetic influence” mean? A. Historical Perspective 1. British empiricist philosopher John Locke in the 1690s argued that childhood experiences (nurture) permanently affect people. Empiricists saw the newborn as a blank slate or tabula rasa on which experience writes. 2. French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the 1760s argued the opposite, that nature alone gives children all they need to grow and learn, without adult guidance. 3. American psychologist Arnold Gesell in the early 1900s said that motor skills develop in a fixed sequence of stages in all children due to maturation, natural growth or change, which unfolds in a fixed sequence relatively independent of the environment. The term development encompasses not only maturation but also the behavioral and mental processes that are influenced by learning. 4. Behaviorist John B. Watson in the 1910s claimed that all development is due to learning. 5. Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget saw nature and nurture as inseparable and interactive in cognitive development. B. Understanding Genetic Influence 1. Behavioral genetics is the study of how genes affect behavior. This research demonstrated that nature and nurture jointly contribute to development in two ways. a) Nature...
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...In this essay, the view that social class differences in educational underachievement are the result of school processes such as labelling will be assessed. Internal and external factors will be assessed with the use of researchers such as: Bernstein, Bereiter & Engelmann, Keddie and Howard. Internal factors such as labelling have been shown to effect education achievement. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to them. Becker carried out a study on labelling on 60 Chicago high school teachers, and found that they judged pupils according to how closely they fit an image of the ideal pupil. The pupils work, conduct, and appearance were key factors to the teachers’ judgements. Becker found that middle class children were closer to the image of the ideal pupil whereas the working class children were furthest away and seen as badly behaved. Cicourel & Kituse’s study of educational counsellors in an American high school shows how this labelling can disadvantage working class student. They found that the way in which counsellors would assess the student’s suitability for courses. They judged students on the basis of their class and/or race. Where students would have the same grades, they work more likely to label middle class pupils as having college potential and to place them on higher level courses. Rist did a study on an American kindergarten and found that the teachers used information about the children’s home, background and appearance to place them...
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...ANALYSING THE ENVIRONMENT Analysis of the macro-environment may be analysed into six segments using the PESTEL framework. Political Economic Socio-cultural Technological Environmental Legal THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT Government is responsible for providing a stable framework for economic activity and, in particular, for maintaining and improving the physical, social and market infrastructure. Public policy on competition and consumer protection is particularly relevant to business strategy. GOVERNMENT POLICY Government policy affects the whole economy, and governments are responsible for enforcing and creating a stable framework in which business can be done. A report by the World Bank indicated that the quality of government policy is important in providing three things: Physical infrastructure (e.g. transport) Social infrastructure (education, a welfare safety net, law enforcement, equal opportunities). Market infrastructure (enforceable contracts, policing corruption). PUBLIC POLICY ON COMPETITION In a perfect monopoly, there is only one firm that is the sole producer of a good that has no closely competing substitutes, so that the firm controls the supply of the good to the market. The definition of a monopoly in practice is wider than this, because governments seeking to control the growth of monopoly firms will probably choose to regard any firm that acquires a major share of the market as a potential monopolist. Monopoly generally exploits customers, but it may have...
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... this job is very suitable for me. • What is the nature of that work? It’s a teaching job. I help the students improve their English language skills and most of them are planning to take IELTS. • What do you do in that job? I teach English, both productive and receptive skills. My job is to help my students succeed in their studies and pass exams if they need to. • Would you say your job (or, your work) is very important? 、 I think so. I think the world will be much worse if there’re no teachers, especially good ones. I think my job is very important to the society. • How do you think your subject will help you (or, benefit you) in the future? I’m planning to be a teacher. Now I major in TESOL, which can help me learn teaching skills and I’m sure in the future I’ll be a qualified teacher because of my educational background. However,...
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...Sat-Sun, 7am-12am MST by phone at (800) 800-9776 ext. 7200 or submit a ticket online by visiting http://help.gcu.edu. Doc ID: 1009-0001-158C-0000158D Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Professor Emerita, University of Northern Colorado University of New Hampshire ISBN 0-558-65860-1 Boston ● Columbus ● Indianapolis ● New York ● San Francisco ● Upper Saddle River Amsterdam ● Cape Town ● Dubai ● London ● Madrid ● Milan ● Munich ● Paris ● Montreal ● Toronto Delhi ● Mexico City ● Sao Paula ● Sydney ● Hong Kong ● Seoul ● Singapore ● Taipei ● Tokyo Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, Seventh Edition, by Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Editor-in-Chief: Paul A. Smith Development Editor: Christina Robb Editorial Assistant: Matthew Buchholz Vice President, Director of Marketing: Quinn Perkson Marketing Manager: Jared Brueckner Production Editor: Annette Joseph Editorial Production Service: Marty Tenney, Modern Graphics, Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: Megan Cochran Electronic Composition: Modern Graphics, Inc. Interior Design: Denise Hoffman, Glenview Studios Photo Researcher: Annie Pickert Cover Designer: Studio Montage For related titles and support materials, visit our online catalog at www.pearsonhighered.com. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1998, 1995 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Allyn & Bacon, 501 Boylston St., Suite 900, Boston, MA 02116. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected...
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...AS/A Level GCE GCE Physical Education OCR Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Physical Education H154 OCR Advanced GCE in Physical Education H554 version 2 – February 2008 Vertical black lines indicate a significant change to the previous printed version. © OCR 2008 QAN 500/2591/0 QAN 500/2587/9 Contents 1 About these Qualifications 4 1.1 6 The Four-Unit Advanced GCE 6 1.3 Qualification Titles and Levels 6 1.4 Aims 7 1.5 2 The Two-Unit AS 1.2 Prior Learning/Attainment 8 9 2.1 AS Units 9 2.2 3 Summary of Content A2 Units 10 12 3.1 AS Unit G451: An introduction to Physical Education 12 3.2 AS Unit G452: Acquiring, developing and evaluating practical skills in Physical Education 24 3.3 A2 Unit G453: Principles and concepts across different areas of Physical Education 31 3.4 4 Unit Content A2 Unit G454: The improvement of effective performance and the critical evaluation of practical activities in Physical Education 55 62 4.1 AS GCE Scheme of Assessment 62 4.2 Advanced GCE Scheme of Assessment 63 4.3 Unit Order 64 4.4 Unit Options (at AS/A2) 64 4.5 Synoptic Assessment (A Level GCE) 64 4.6 Assessment Availability 64 4.7 Assessment Objectives 65 4.8 5 Schemes of Assessment Quality of Written Communication 66 Technical Information 67 5.1 Making Unit Entries ...
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