Selected Problems of International Trade

Explain the cases “ Dassonville”, “ Cassis de Dijon” and “ Keck” ( or Keck and
Mithouard).
The European Union was created on the principle to guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services, and people within the EU's 27 member states1. The goal at that time was to increase the specialisation, competition with the goal to offer better quality of services to the consumer at a lower price, larger economies of scale, improved utilization of resources and intended to drive economic integration whereby the once separate economies of the member states become integrated within a single EU wide economy.
All cases mentioned above, Dassonville, Cassis de Dijon and Keck & Mithouard, were related to national legal barriers impeding the free movement of goods within European Union.
Concluding in all of them, the Court has said that discriminatory and non-discriminatory rules of member states (therefore not actions of private corporations or individuals) that hinder trade shall be illegal.
In detail, in the case of Dassonville it was perfectly possible for a French seller of Scotch whisky to sell a non certified whiskey without the certificate of authenticity, when it was not in the neighboring Belgium where a trader selling the same whisky would be subject to restrictions that would effectively reduce its ability to compete with the French trader.
In the Cassis de Dijon case, there was a regulation applying both to imports and to domestic goods and produced an effect equivalent to a quantitative import restriction on the free movement of goods. Cassis de Dijon was not regarded as a liquor by the German law as the
16% of alcoholic content could not reach the minimum of 25% that the german law requires in order to be marketed with the name liquor. This regulation was not applicable to any other
European