...Yeditepe University Sample Proficiency Test USE OF ENGLISH In questions 1 – 18, choose the correct word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. ________were not placed under the government’s protection disappointed many people. a. That some historic buildings in the city centre b. Some historic buildings in the city centre c. Being historic, some buildings in the city centre d. Some historic buildings that are in the city centre 2. France refused to admit into the country hundreds of illegal immigrants arriving from North Africa and _____. a. either did Germany c. neither did Germany b. so did Germany d. nor did Germany 3. The old man managed to tell his son ________ he kept all his money only a few minutes before he died. a. whether b. which c. when d. where 4. Robin Smith’s first novel enjoyed enormous success. It was first published in January and by the beginning of May it________ over three million copies. a. sold b. has sold c. was selling d. had sold 5. Jessica and her husband have been arguing a lot recently. She wants to move to Boston but ______ in New York. a. he’d rather live c. he’d rather lived b. he’d rather living d. he’d rather to live 6. This room is freezing cold. ____ you mind _____ the air-conditioner? a. Would / if I turn off c. Would / turning off b. Do / if I turned off d. Do / having turned off 7. The Prime Minister’s speech caused a lot of anger and dissatisfaction among immigrants...
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...ever found yourself wondering how, or why the Jewish people ended up in the US? A. Topic: Jewish Migration in 19th and 20th Centuries to the US Title: The Jewish States of America Thesis: Even though the Jews tried to escape harsh conditions in Europe through emigration, they were met with the same level of opposition in the US. Summary: II. Body A. Reasons in Europe for Immigration 1. Where in Europe did majority come from B. New opportunities in the US C. Difficulties faced in the US D. How those issues were dealt with E. How things are better today for the Jewish people III. Conclusion A. Proved that when the Jewish people emigrated to the US, that the problems they ran away from were replaced by an equally confrontational frontier. David Foley Professor Geller Heritage: Civilization and the Jews 4/17/14 The Jewish States of America Have you ever found yourself wondering how, or why the Jewish people ended up in the US? When the topic of the Jewish religion comes about we think about one place normally. Israel is said to be the original holder of the world’s Jewish population in biblical times. Now times have changed and the worlds Jew’s have found themselves spread to every corner of our planet with amassing numbers and counting. This growth and emigration of the Jews has been caused by multiple reasons that have both stunted and also accelerated the prospering of this group of people. The biggest of all these emigrations...
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...the world, including North America. Britain accelerated its manufacturing, business, and even daily life, being the center head of the Industrial Revolution. Britain first led the way back in the 18th century, and by 1850, its entire society was changed forever, both economically and socially. Britain’s decisions in the previous decades shaped the prime location for an economic boom, mainly by not wasting its time with an absolutist rule nor with too many disputes with other European countries. Through technological and scientific means, Britain propelled itself economically forward, letting the rest of Europe play catch up. By controlling the seas, it shielded itself from disaster in markets across waters. The living and working standards transformed with longer life spans and whole family units working in industries. Although these families faced horrid conditions in these factories, they were still able to make money in the long run through labor unions and new legislation. Overall, Britain became the leading industrial power in Europe, if not the world, as a result of a new prominent social class, a strong capitalist ideal, life altering inventions, revamped living and working conditions, and revolutionary maritime presence, despite ultimately sliding in the later 19th century. The pre-industrial conditions in Europe demonstrated an age of things to come. Britain experimented with exploring other markets of the globe, although it was a rural area. Communication was lackluster...
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...The Road To Ending Segregation Barbara Pritchard HIS 204: Historical Awareness Professor Kimberly Hornback September 26, 2011 The road to ending Segregation The road to ending segregation was a long and hard move for the South. In the 1800s-1900’s segregation was enforced to keep African Americans separated from whites. During this time African Americans had to deal with the symbols of what was called Jim Crow’s, (Whites Only and Colored Only) signs; which are found today in museums, old photographs, and documentaries. Now since an African American has been elected President of the United States, a person could say segregation seems as old-fashioned and distant as watching an old black and white television. Although, the major challenge is to explain the reasons for the legacy of segregation, discrimination, and isolation to attain equality and civil rights, that African Americans worked to end. The best way to describe the shape of the United States in the second half of the 19th century, “according to eminent historian Robert Wiebe, the answer was isolated island communities,” (Bowles, 2011, Section 1.1, Para 1). Wiebe used the symbol of the island because cities were very much separated and isolated from each other and had a weak system of communication between them. The time came, after the divisiveness and devastation of the Civil War, when the nation searched for order economically, politically, geographically, and racially. Although, emancipation came during...
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...odlyzko@umn.edu http://www.dtc.umn.edu/∼odlyzko Revised version, July 27, 2003 Abstract. The rapid erosion of privacy poses numerous puzzles. Why is it occurring, and why do people care about it? This paper proposes an explanation for many of these puzzles in terms of the increasing importance of price discrimination. Privacy appears to be declining largely in order to facilitate differential pricing, which offers greater social and economic gains than auctions or shopping agents. The thesis of this paper is that what really motivates commercial organizations (even though they often do not realize it clearly themselves) is the growing incentive to price discriminate, coupled with the increasing ability to price discriminate. It is the same incentive that has led to the airline yield management system, with a complex and constantly changing array of prices. It is also the same incentive that led railroads to invent a variety of price and quality differentiation schemes in the 19th century. Privacy intrusions serve to provide the information that allows sellers to determine buyers’ willingness to pay. They also allow monitoring of usage, to ensure that arbitrage is not used to bypass discriminatory pricing. Economically, price discrimination is usually regarded as desirable, since it often increases the efficiency of the economy. That is why it is frequently promoted by governments, either through explicit mandates or through indirect means. On the other hand, price discrimination often...
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...concentrating on the major industries and their leaders. LO 2 Explain why the late 1800s in America have sometimes been called the “Age of Innovation.” LO 3 Describe how America’s regional and local markets merged into one truly national market, and how this influenced the consumer demand for products and services. 9781133438212, HIST2, Volume 2, Kevin M. Schultz - © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization “ The world that had consisted of small farms, artisans’ workshops, and small factories transformed into a full-scale industrial society. ” The Art Archive / Culver Pictures As the process of ensuring political, economic, and social rights of African Americans waned during the 1870s, most Americans turned their attenNo invention had more lasting impact than the incandestion to another transformacent light bulb. tion brought on by the Civil Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree War: the Industrial Revolution. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 During the half-century between 1865 and 1915, the United States evolved from a relative economic backwater to become the most powerful economy in the world. Industrialization played a key role in the nation’s advances, and both the Civil War and a core group of innovative, aggressive, farsighted, and opportunistic entrepreneurs were the main stimulants of growth. They embodied the optimism and inventiveness of the late nineteenth century, although they often pushed too far and engaged in practices...
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...especially in wresting the textile industry from the Italians, and then in world trade. According to Allen, the first industrial revolution took place in Britain instead of the Low Countries primarily because of Britain’s abundant and cheap coal resources, combined with the central government’s ability to use mercantilist policies and naval power to reap the greatest benefits from an expanding European and world trade. Once it had taken the lead from the Dutch, and defeated the French, Britain used its comparative advantage to consolidate its dominant position through free trade until the late Victorian period when its technological innovations spread to its competitors. While he agrees that the political, cultural and scientific context of British industrialization was important to its primacy, his approach does not claim, as many interpretations have, that British, and later European and American,...
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...The relationship between the Industrial Revolution and the Russian Revolution offers many interesting perspectives. Whether the former led to the latter and if so, the timing and context of the same, has been a theme of debate. “For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility."Robert E Lucas, Jr. When and how did the Industrial Revolution come about? Broadly speaking the complete transformation of manufacturing processes in industries especially textiles and iron marked the boom period of this era. The advent of newer and more efficient forms of technology meant that production leap-frogged generating revenue surplus for the economy. It also meant that the demand for raw materials increased multifold, which translated into more demand for colonies for their supply. Thus, technology boosted economy, which in turn impacted the foreign/strategic policies of the countries in question. Quite expectedly, the Industrial Revolution started in Britain and spread to other countries subsequently. Another facet of the Industrial Revolution was the social...
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...capitalist relations of production -a more concentrated focus on how economic and political processes shape society and history and therefore family, families c) Structural Functionalism Parsons & Bales -the social institution of the family - family is seen as a function, and different parts of society helps it move along -the nuclear family performs functions -they saw the families as a main faction, economic support, these functions that happen in nuclear families include economic support -equilibrium, all parts help it work as a whole -hierarchical generations and role specialization within families produces harmony -the different roles that men and women take on, allows the family be a harmony -parsons and bales, gendered perspective on families, families having instrumental roles such as achieving income, feed the family, cloth the family, this would be men 2. Symbolic Interactionism Mead & Cooley - individuals create their own family realities through micro level interactions -from this perspective families are created and understood and practiced through symbolic communication by meanings that are shared - the meanings people have for family the definition of families, reflect their families, and their experiences and practices of family -this perspective is very much micro, relationships with others -when it comes to looking at the family, feminism share a lot of...
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...Fourth of July The Declaration of Independence We celebrate American Independence Day on the Fourth of July every year. We think of July 4, 1776, as a day that represents the Declaration of Independence and the birth of the United States of America as an independent nation. But July 4, 1776 wasn't the day that the Continental Congress decided to declare independence (they did that on July 2, 1776). It wasn’t the day we started the American Revolution either (that had happened back in April 1775). And it wasn't the day Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence (that was in June 1776). Or the date on which the Declaration was delivered to Great Britain (that didn't happen until November 1776). Or the date it was signed (that was August 2, 1776). So what did happen on July 4, 1776? The Continental Congress approved the final wording of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. They'd been working on it for a couple of days after the draft was submitted on July 2nd and finally agreed on all of the edits and changes. July 4, 1776, became the date that was included on the Declaration of Independence, and the fancy handwritten copy that was signed in August (the copy now displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.) It’s also the date that was printed on the Dunlap Broadsides, the original printed copies of the Declaration that were circulated throughout the new nation. So when people thought of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776...
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...costs associated with the transition. 17-3 Discuss the functioning of national, state, and local politics during the late 1800s. 17-4 Describe the formation of the early labor unions in the United States, including their goals, activities, and situations at the end of the nineteenth century. 290 C h apt e r 15 The Continued Move West “ The world that had consisted of small farms, artisans’ workshops, and small factories transformed into a full-scale industrial society. ” As the process of ensuring political, economic, and social rights of African Americans waned during the 1870s, most Americans turned their attenNo invention had more lasting impact than the incandestion to another transformation cent light bulb. brought on by the Civil War: the Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree Industrial Revolution. During 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 the half-century between 1865 and 1915, the United States evolved from a relative economic backwater to become the most powerful economy in the world. Industrialization played a key role in the nation’s advances, and both the Civil War and a core group of innovative, aggressive, farsighted, and opportunistic entrepreneurs were the main stimulants of growth. They embodied the optimism and inventiveness of the late nineteenth century, although they often pushed too far and...
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...York City is comprised of many different kind of people. It is considered one the most populated cities in the world. With more than 8 million people in NYC alone, one may argue that it has a higher population than most of the states in the US and some countries around the world. New York City is comprised of five distinct boroughs and each has its own neighborhoods that make up each borough. The five boroughs are Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, Bronx, and Staten Island. I did some research on my own neighborhood which is located in the borough of Brooklyn. My neighborhood is Sunset Park. Sunset Park has its own unique history in Brooklyn and is considered one the smaller neighborhoods in Brooklyn. Sometimes Sunset Park is confused with Bay Ridge or Park Slope which are the neighborhoods that surround it. However, it stretches from 15th street to 65th street, from 9th avenue to New York Harbor (which can be considered to some 1st, 2nd and 3rd Ave). It is demographically diverse and has approximately 150,000 people. Sunset Park in my opinion is growing everyday and there are many different changes that happen right before my eyes. Sunset Park was named in 1965 after the 25 acre park built in the 1890‘s which overlooks the entire neighborhood. The park itself consists of playgrounds, a pool, basketball/ handball courts and has a gorgeous view of Manhattan skyline from on top the hill in the park. Sunset Park was known by many as a huge migration area during the 19th century due to...
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...| |compare the political theories of Hobbes and Locke | | |explain how science and philosophy influenced one another during the Enlightenment | | |explain the term enlightened despot, using the model of Frederick II of Prussia | | |Click here for the course glossary | | |Click here for a Timeline of The Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution | | |This lesson discusses European society between 1600 and 1800--an era marked by the power of ideas and rational | | |thinking. The term Scientific Revolution is used to describe the growing acceptance and influence of the scientific| | |method and the belief that reason and inquiry can explain and even change the world. The term Enlightenment is | | |perhaps a more accurate name for this period because it incorporates a variety of intellectual movements that today| | |we do not consider sciences: philosophy, theology, economics, history, and political theory. | | |The word scientist did...
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...TOPIC 1: THE AMERINDIANS Week 1: THE ARAWAKS (Theme One) PAPER: CORE CONTENT----BAHAMIAN-WEST INDIAN HISTORY References: Bahamian History Bk.I by Bain, G. Macmillan,1983 2.Caribbean story Bk. I and II By Claypole, W Longman (new edition) 1987 3. Development to Decolonization by Greenwood R, Macmillan, 1987 4.Caribbean people Bk.I by Lennox Honeychurch. Nelson, 1979 The Migration of the Indians to the New World. It is believed that the people who Columbus saw when he came to the New World were nomadic hunters from central and East Asia who followed the buffalo and deer. When the herds moved, people moved after them because they were dependent on the animals for food. It is therefore suspected that the herds led the people out of Asia by the north-east, across the Bering Strait and into North America. They crossed the sea by an ice –bridge when it was frozen over during the last Ice-Age. They did not know that they were crossing water from one continent to another. Map 1 Amerindians migration from central Asia into North America. The Amerindians settled throughout North America and were the ancestors of the many Red Indian tribes we know today, as well as the Eskimos in the far north. In general, they were nomadic but some followed settled agricultural pursuits and developed civilizations of their own like the Mayas in South America (check internet reference for profile on this group, focus on...
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...LESM A204 Unit 2 Criminology for the security manager 159 Course team Developer: Dr Daniel Gilling, University of Plymouth (Unit 2) Designer: Louise Aylward, OUHK Coordinator: Dr Raymond W K Lau, OUHK Members: Dr Czeslaw Tubilewicz, OUHK Dr Garland Liu, OUHK External Course Assessor Dr Dennis S W Wong, City University of Hong Kong Production ETPU Publishing Team Copyright © The Open University of Hong Kong, 2001, 2011. Reprinted 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the President, The Open University of Hong Kong. Sale of this material is prohibited. The Open University of Hong Kong Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Hong Kong This course material is printed on environmentally friendly paper. Contents Introduction 1 The focus of criminology 4 What is criminology? Why study crime? 4 6 Developing theory: the foundations of criminology 8 Theorizing about crime before criminology: the classical perspective Positivist criminology 8 10 Sociological criminology The Chicago School Strain and subcultural theories of crime Control theories The labelling perspective Critical criminology 14 15 17 21 23 27 Environmental criminology 30 Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman Routine activity theory Rational choice theory 30 33 35 Summary 39 References 41 Feedback on activities 43 ...
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