...IRJALS (2013) Vol. 02 Issue. 04 Article No. 03 Full length Original Research Paper An assessment of women participation in farm household income: a study in some selected areas of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh S. Parveen1, M. R. Hossain1*, A. K. M. G. Kausar2, M. M. A. Shibli1, M. M. Rahhan3 and J. U. Ahmed4 1 Former 2 Former M.S. Students, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh M.S. Student, Dept. of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh 3 Former Student, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh 4Associate professor, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Policy, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh *Corresponding authors e-mail: bestboyisrajib@gmail.com Article History Received: 4.8.2013 Accepted: 31.8.2013 Published: 15.11.2013 Key words: Women empowerment, Household income, Gender role ABSTRACT The present study attempted to make visible the participation of rural women in farm activities, their contribution in generating household income and decision making power. The study was conducted in two villages namely Monkanda and Char Shahpur under Fulpur upazila of Mymensingh district. A total of 60 sample farmers (20 small, 20 medium, 20 large farmers) were selected by using stratified random sampling method. A pre-tested interview schedule used to collect data from respondents...
Words: 4617 - Pages: 19
...Employment Outlook © OECD 2008 Chapter 3 The Price of Prejudice: Labour Market Discrimination on the Grounds of Gender and Ethnicity Despite some progress, there is still evidence of discrimination on the grounds of gender and ethnic or racial origins in OECD labour markets. Field experiments show pervasive ethnic discrimination in many countries. Indirect evidence shows that on average at least 8% of the gender employment gap and a larger proportion of the gender wage gap can be attributed to discrimination. Virtually all OECD countries have enacted anti-discrimination laws in recent decades, and evaluations as well as cross-country analysis suggest that, if well-designed, these laws can be effective in reducing disparities in labour market outcomes. However, enforcement of antidiscrimination legislation is essentially based on victims’ willingness to claim their rights. Thus, public awareness of legal rules and their expected consequences (notably, victims’ costs and benefits of lodging complaints) is a crucial element of an effective policy strategy to establish a culture of equal treatment. Moreover, legal rules are likely to have more impact if the enforcement is not exclusively dependent on individuals. In this respect, specific agencies may play a key role. 139 3. THE PRICE OF PREJUDICE: LABOUR MARKET DISCRIMINATION ON THE GROUNDS OF GENDER AND ETHNICITY Introduction Employment outcomes are far from being evenly distributed among the various sociodemographic...
Words: 38406 - Pages: 154
...of Trivandrum Theoretical Analysis Regression Analysis Demographic Profile Nature of Services Work Profile of Domestic Workers Health Consideration of Domestic Workers Educational Attainment Union Awareness of Domestic Workers Household Assets and Liabilities Conclusion Findings Suggestions Bibliography Appendix i ii 1-7 8-17 18-21 21-23 25-26 26-27 27-31 31-33 33-39 39-42 42-44 45-47 47-51 52-53 53-55 55-56 57-59 3 1.1 Introduction The definition of gender is the state or fact of being male or female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones). Often gender and sex are used interchangeably, but gender is socially constructed and sex is biologically determined. The word gender has been used since the 14th century but this did not become common until the mid of 20th century. In human societies sex differences are experienced as gender differences. Concepts of gender are cultural interpretations of sex differences. Gender is related to sex differences. Gender depends on how society views relationship of male to man and female to woman. Every culture has prevailing images of what men and women are ―supposed‖ to be like. The concept of an ideal woman exists in every culture and in every society. The sexual division of labour according to Friedrich Engels, (―The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State 1845)‖, showed how changes in the material conditions of people affect the organisation of their family relations...
Words: 20587 - Pages: 83
...of people from full and equal participation in what we, the members of society, perceive as being valuable, important, personally worthwhile, and socially desirable. Economic inequality is expressed through the unequal distribution of wealth in society. This has obvious ramifications in terms of the unequal distribution of what that wealth may purchase; housing, health care, education, career prospects, status - in our society, access to all these things is largely dependent on wealth. Because of the nature of our society - post industrial, competitive, capitalist, commercially driven and consumer oriented - economic inequality and social inequality are inextricably linked”(Preston, 1999). [pic] “The data in this chart cover only cash wages -- not health benefits or pensions. If they were included, most of those inflation-adjusted minuses would turn to pluses. But inequality wouldn't disappear. The best-paid 20% of workers on private payrolls are three times as...
Words: 5078 - Pages: 21
...12:06 Page 1 WOMEN, GENDER AND WORK People are not defined solely by their work, nor is it possible to ignore the effects of factors outside the workplace on a person's status at work. To seek equality at work without seeking equality in the larger society – and at home – is illusory.Thus an examination of the issues surrounding women, gender and work must be holistic. That means considering the role of productive work in life as a whole and the distribution of unpaid work as well as the myriad questions relating to employment. This important anthology brings together the thinking of leading philosophers, economists and lawyers on this complex subject. Selected recent articles from the multidisciplinary International Labour Review are assembled for the first time to illuminate questions such as how we should define equality, what equal opportunity means and what statistics tell us about differences between men and women at work, how the family confronts globalization and what is the role of law in achieving equality. There is an examination of policy – to deal with sexual harassment and wage inequality, for example, as well as part-time work, the glass ceiling, social security, and much more. A major reference on the best of current research and analysis on gender roles and work. Martha Fetherolf Loutfi has been Editor-in-Chief of the International Labour Review, a Senior Economist for the Brandt Commission and in the ILO’s Employment and Development...
Words: 243134 - Pages: 973
...MARKETING RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF GENDER DIFFRENCES ON JOB SATISFACTION, MENTAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG BANKING EMPLOYEES (Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the course Marketing Research) Submitted To: | Submitted By: | Dr Shalini Trivedi, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Amity Business School, Amity University. | Disha Arora B-39Harpreet Kaur B-34Mansi Nigam B-30Payal Saxena B 28Shobhna Swati B-32 | | | Amity Business School, Amity University Declaration I hereby declare that the project work entitled “THE IMPACT OF GENDER DIFFRENCES ON JOB SATISFACTION, MENTAL HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG BANKING EMPLOYEES” submitted to the Amity University, NOIDA, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Ms. SHALINI TRIVEDI, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Amity Business School, Amity University, and this project work is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration. The results embodied in this thesis have not...
Words: 5991 - Pages: 24
...CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction "... Every single one of you has something that you're good at. Every single one of you has something to offer. And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is. That's the opportunity an education can provide."- US President Barack Obama Education is a fundamental need of an individual to cope with life. And it is a basic but a very important matter that each and everyone should have. Education makes a man complete. In addition, the education is the principle means by which society carries out its national objective. And its purpose is to foster the development of each individual so that he may achieve the most satisfying life of which he is capable (Mcneil 1998). Education changes an individual. Having knowledge, an individual will have the courage to do anything. Education is the main factor to mold individuals to become what they want. It is true that schools are the primary source in having a formal education. But, not everyone can attend school due to different reasons. There are unfortunate children that could not afford to go to school not only because they are poor, but there are also other reasons that they consider in going to school. In 2009, Sallie Mae discovered that 84% of college students indicated they need a big amount of money for their education. In addition to that, Noel Levitz (2009) reported and concluded that only 46.4% of...
Words: 5831 - Pages: 24
...Academic year 2014-2015 Migration towards Europe and the “welfare magnet”: “Determinants of Turkish Migration to EU-15” Master dissertation Student Kristýna Jedličková Home institution Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze Supervisor prof. Claire Naiditch Submission date September 2015 Acknowledgment I would like to express my sincerest thanks to prof. Claire Naiditch for her guidance, support, patience and valuable recommendations. Declaration of authorship I, Kristýna Jedličková hereby declare that the thesis Migration towards Europe and the “welfare magnet” was written by myself and that all presented results are my own, unless stated otherwise. The literature sources are listed in the Literature Review section. Prague, September 30th, 2015 ........................................................ Signature Key words Migration, welfare magnet, public social spending, inflows of migrants, EU’s migratory policy, European welfare system, Turkish welfare system, Turkey, EU-15, gravity model, fixed effect, random effect, Hausman test, country specific fixed effect, time specific fixed effect. Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to analyse which factors drive migration from Turkey towards Europe and whether the welfare benefits play a major role in the decision making process. The analysis is based on a gravitation model of migration in log-log form. The FE and RE methods were employed as estimation techniques and the Hausman test enabled to distinguish them. The present...
Words: 14837 - Pages: 60
...selected committees of parliament where real debate on legislative issues takes place. Certainly, this affects the contribution of women to the policy making process. At the political party level , although all the parties selected for the study which are the National Democratic Congress (NDC), the New Patriotic Party (NPP), the People’s National Convention (PNC), the Convention People’s Party (CPP) except for the Great Consolidated People’s Party (GCPP), make claims in their manifestoes to their commitment to gender issues in general and women’s concerns in particular, it is not very evident even in their party leadership structure and in their own internal organization. Some party leaders corroborated this by stating that positions are contested for and not given on the basis of one’s gender. Furthermore, it was apparent that women in politics encounter similar challenges irrespective of the party they subscribe to. Here, the common denominator is their gender. Thus, a common thread of subtle discrimination positioned in the context of competitive politics runs through all political parties. This has...
Words: 9422 - Pages: 38
...Baltic Journal of Economics ISSN: 1406-099X (Print) 2334-4385 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rbec20 Explaining and tackling the shadow economy in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: a tax morale approach Colin C. Williams & Ioana A. Horodnic To cite this article: Colin C. Williams & Ioana A. Horodnic (2015) Explaining and tackling the shadow economy in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: a tax morale approach, Baltic Journal of Economics, 15:2, 81-98, DOI: 10.1080/1406099X.2015.1114714 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1406099X.2015.1114714 © 2015 The author(s). Published by Routledge Published online: 12 Nov 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1004 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rbec20 Download by: [95.158.49.18] Date: 20 April 2016, At: 09:43 Baltic Journal of Economics, 2015 Vol. 15, No. 2, 81–98, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1406099X.2015.1114714 Explaining and tackling the shadow economy in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: a tax morale approach Colin C. Williamsa* a and Ioana A. Horodnicb Management School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; bFaculty of Economics and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iași, Romania Downloaded by [95.158.49.18] at 09:43 20 April 2016 (Received 26 November 2014; accepted...
Words: 9995 - Pages: 40
...NORC at the University of Chicago The University of Chicago Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market Author(s): Morris M. Kleiner and Alan B. Krueger Source: Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 31, No. 2, The Princeton Data Improvement Initiative (Part 2, April 2013), pp. S173-S202 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Society of Labor Economists and the NORC at the University of Chicago Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669060 . Accessed: 05/09/2013 08:02 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . The University of Chicago Press, Society of Labor Economists, NORC at the University of Chicago, The University of Chicago are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Labor Economics. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.6.218.72 on Thu, 5 Sep 2013 08:02:47 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor...
Words: 12803 - Pages: 52
... Keywords: Diversity Inclusiveness a b s t r a c t A great deal of research has focused on workforce diversity. Despite an increasing number of studies, few consistent conclusions have yet to be reached about the antecedents and outcomes of diversity. Likewise, research on different dimensions of diversity (e.g., age, race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, and culture) has mostly evolved independently. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine each of these dimensions of diversity to describe common themes across dimensions and to develop an integrative model of diversity. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. While the term “workforce diversity” is commonly used in scholarly articles as well as in the popular press, the focus and scope of the research is both varied and broad. Until recently, most studies have focused on a single dimension of diversity (e.g., age, sex, race) in a domestic, typically U.S. context. In a world of globalization populated by boundaryless and virtual organizations, it is time to revisit the old theories of diversity and to create a new set of paradigms. Therefore, in this article we examine multiple dimensions of diversity to assess the current status of the...
Words: 17588 - Pages: 71
...A Guide to Modern Econometrics 2nd edition Marno Verbeek Erasmus University Rotterdam A Guide to Modern Econometrics A Guide to Modern Econometrics 2nd edition Marno Verbeek Erasmus University Rotterdam Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required,...
Words: 194599 - Pages: 779
...BAY AREA SOCIAL SERVICES CONSORTIUM Understanding Poverty From Multiple Social Science Perspectives A Learning Resource for Staff Development In Social Service Agencies Michael J. Austin, PhD, Editor BASSC Staff Director Mack Professor of Nonprofit Management School of Social Welfare University of California, Berkeley 510-642-7066 mjaustin@berkeley.edu August 2006 1 Table of Contents Introduction – Michael J. Austin, Guest Editor Part I Multiple Social Science Perspectives of Poverty Theories of Poverty: Findings from Textbooks on Human Behavior and the Social Environment Amanda J. Lehning, Catherine M. Vu, & Indira Pintak Economic Theories of Poverty Sun Young Jung & Richard Smith Sociological Theories of Poverty in Urban America Jennifer Price Wolf Psychological Theories of Poverty Kelly Turner & Amanda Lehning An Anthropological View of Poverty Kristine Frerer & Catherine Vu Political Science Perspectives on Poverty Amanda Lehning Theories of Global Poverty in the Developed and Developing World Jennifer Morazes & Indira Pintak Part II Theory Integration and Practitioner Perspectives Social Capital and Neighborhood Poverty: Toward an Ecologically-Grounded Model of Neighborhood Effects Kathy Lemon Osterling Social Work Students’ Perceptions of Poverty Sherrill Clark The Explosive Nature of the Culture of Poverty: A Teaching Case Based on An Agency-based Training Program Catherine Vu & Michael J. Austin 2 ...
Words: 65096 - Pages: 261
...Disclosures About CSR Practices: A Literature Review Kavitha W * and Anita P ** Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental, social and ethical issues. The level of CSR activities of the firms is made known to public only through the disclosures. This paper reviews the literature on CSR disclosures and the effect of these disclosures. There are various factors which determine the extent of disclosures like the size of the firm, industry, high visibility, etc. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental, social and ethical issues. This is because over the recent years, there have been social, political and economic pressures on corporate management to pay attention on social and environmental consequences of corporate activities. These pressures motivated the corporate management to actively participate in a wide range of social welfare activities. CSR now-a-days covers almost all issues like the use of child labor; inequality of employment; environmental impact; involvement in local community; products’ safety; company cultures; brand image and reputation. Apart from this, companies are now disclosing these activities in their annual reports, and one of the parameters to judge the performance of a company is CSR reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility ...
Words: 28706 - Pages: 115