...Skills Programme, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford q Critical appraisal is the process of systematically examining research evidence to assess its validity, results and relevance before using it to inform a decision. q Critical appraisal is an essential part of evidence-based clinical practice that includes the process of systematically finding, appraising and acting on evidence of effectiveness. q Critical appraisal allows us to make sense of research evidence and thus begins to close the gap between research and practice. q Randomised controlled trials can minimise bias and use the most appropriate design for studying the effectiveness of a specific intervention or treatment. q Systematic reviews are particularly useful because they usually contain an explicit statement of the objectives, materials and methods, and should be conducted according to explicit and reproducible methodology. q Randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews are not automatically of good quality and should be appraised critically. www.evidence-based-medicine.co.uk Prescribing information is on page 8 1 What is critical appraisal What is critical appraisal? Critical appraisal is one step in the process of evidence-based clinical practice. Evidencebased clinical practice is ‘an approach to decision making in which the clinician uses the best evidence available, in consultation with the patient, to decide the option which suits the patient best’.1 To determine what is the ‘best’...
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...Skip to main content. Subscribe to the Houston Chronicle | Shopping | Classifieds | Obits | Place an Ad | La Voz Register | Sign In ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Chron.com Local Directory Bottom of Form * Home * Local * US & World * Sports * Business * Entertainment * Lifestyle * Jobs * Cars * Real Estate Small Businessby Demand Media * Accounting & Bookkeeping| * Advertising & Marketing| * Business Communications & Etiquette| * Business Models & Organizational Structure| * Business Planning & Strategy| * Business Technology & Customer Support| * Business & Workplace Regulations| * Finances & Taxes * |More » 1. Small Business > 2. Managing Employees > 3. Jobs Dimensions of Job Satisfaction by Catherine Lovering, Demand Media Employees do not derive job satisfaction from high pay alone. In the 1950s, motivation theorist Frederick Herzberg divided the elements required for job satisfaction into two dimensions: hygiene and motivators. In short, the environment has to be positive and the job has to be a good fit. In the decades since Herzberg's study, employee surveys have confirmed employees' ownership of their jobs and tangible company benefits are as important to satisfaction as a big paycheck. Ads by Google Training Materials Soft skills training materials to teach soft...
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...as new as contemporary technology. The Internet has opened a variety of new rooms for cybercriminals to commit cyber-based terrorist attempts, computer intrusions, and major cyberfrauds. Cyberextortion is an outsider threat designed to obtain money, products, or favorable considerations from an organization or individuals by using illegal means of persuasion related to computer intrusion (Cybercrime Investigation & Intelligence, 2012). This paper addresses the relatively new form of sexual exploitation called “sextortion” that has emerged on the cybersex crime scene recently, and its affect upon teenagers and children. In addition, the paper addresses the dangers of scams associated with “sextortion”, its criminal profile, law enforcement initiatives to combat “sextortion”, and the penalties for committing these types of crimes. “Sextortion” is a method of sexual exploitation in which individuals are extorted with nude images of themselves shared online over the Internet. Texting has become the modern day method of communication among teens and children, and in the case of “sextortion” these images are displayed online via the new term of “Sexting” that is done via cell phones. Sexual predators that live online, in chat rooms, and on social networking websites eventually coerce their victims into performing sexual acts, or even performing hardcore pornography by sending threating e-mails through personal sites or social networking sites, such as Facebook, and MySpace. The...
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...Carveth, Marywood University Claire Ferraris, Western Oregon University Nick Backus, Western Oregon University Abstract In this paper we demonstrate how to focus an empirical application in reaching an ethical decision by working with the Potter Box, a model created by Ralph Potter as an analytical tool assessing the ethics of corporate decision-making, The facts emerging in news accounts regarding lawsuits against the pharmaceutical company Merck and its painkiller Vioxx are analyzed for ethical consideration. Utilizing the Potter Box model, the case against Merck can be interpreted and studied in light of ethical considerations. The results demonstrate not only how a decision is argued, but what is missing in the overall consideration for the decision. Introduction The mythos of freedom and responsibility in the United States is premised on the ethical actions of members of the society, particularly those in positions of power. And ethics in communication takes a place of preeminence since the words spoken by authorities are often all a public relies upon to pass judgment. How is the citizen or the communication analyst to evaluate the ethics of the utterances of others? And how does the communicator determine the ethical appropriateness of a planned message? This paper is an introduction to an accessible method of ethical decision-making in communication. The Potter Box allows both student and scholar to analyze the ethical responsibilities of communicators in terms that are both...
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...Internet Pornography: Freedom of Press or Dangerous Influence? The topic of pornography is controversial many times because of the various definitions which each have different contexts. Is it nudity, sexual intercourse, art, or all of these? Is it magazines, videos, or pictures? For the purposes of this paper, pornography will be defined as any material that depicts erotic behavior and is intended to cause sexual excitement. With all of the arguments presented in this paper, it seems only a vague definition of this type can be applicable to all views on the subject. Pornography on the Internet has brought about difficulties pertaining to censorship. All of the arguments in this paper can be divided into one of two categories: those whose aim is to allow for an uncensored Internet, and those who wish to completely eliminate pornography from the Internet all together. All arguments for an uncensored Internet all cite the basic rights offree speech and press. While arguments in this paper are international, almost everyone of them cites the First Amendment of the United States. In many of the papers it is implied that the United States sets precedent for the rest of the world as far as laws governing the global world of the Internet. Paul F. Burton, an Information Science professor and researcher, gives many statistics showing that presence of pornography on the Internet is not necessarily a bad thing. He gives one example that shows that "47% of the 11,000" most...
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...Applying Social Network Interventions in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review Communication 623 Final Paper Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Health Psychology Seminar at Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania by Qijia Chen May 2014 Instructor: Professor John B. Jemmott, Annenberg School for Communication Abstract The current paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on social network intervention in HIV prevention among MSM. I performed a systematic literature research in multi-lingual databases and located a relatively exhaustive collection of articles on social network interventions in MSM. There is strong evidence that such interventions are efficacious in generating changes in behavioral and psychological constructs that might lead to risk reduction in HIV infection and transmission. This paper identified several urgent issues in the current state of research development, particularly, a lack of theoretical development, an insufficient numbers of methodologically rigorous studies, and an absence of clear conceptual distinctions and implementary recommendations. The review also proposes potential solutions and suggestions for future research. Introduction Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprise the largest proportion of new HIV infections in the USA (CDC, 2011). Efforts to curtail the incidence of HIV infection require that at-risk individuals adopt effective behavioral changes....
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...to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for the standardisation meeting each examiner analyses a number of students’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed at the meeting and legislated for. If, after this meeting, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been discussed at the meeting they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available to download from the AQA Website: www.aqa.org.uk Copyright © 2012 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered centres for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give...
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...In the first part of my paper, I have mentioned that KPMG, as one of the biggest four public accounting firms in the world, is always on the top of lists such as “the most popular employers among graduates”. Every year, thousands of university students and graduates, no matter what backgrounds they are, are well-prepared to combat for the limited internship and full-time positions. At the same time, however, the BIG 4 are notorious for their high turnover rates. As I know, KPMG China has a stable turnover rate every year, at around 20%, extremely higher than other industries. What interests me most is that most employees in the office do not concern about the unusual figure. As the common sense, it is critical for a successful company to maintain a low turnover rate. Not only because it ensures the consistency in the products or services a company provides, but also because it lowers the training expenses for the new employees. However, the case in KPMG is totally different. According to my internship experience in the company, I believe that the phenomenon results from its unique knowledge management and how employees conduct their jobs. In this part, I would like to analyze the two aspects in terms of power and leadership, decision making, innovation and learning and change. I. How employees conduct their jobs Just after one-week intensive training, I started my internship. I was told that what I would do is exactly the same as what an A1 employee does. A1 is at the lowest...
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...This article was downloaded by: [UNISA University South Africa] On: 13 February 2012, At: 22:32 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Technology Analysis & Strategic Management Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ctas20 Building Innovation Networks: Issues of Strategy and Expertise Lisa Harris, Anne-Marie Coles & Keith Dickson Available online: 25 Aug 2010 To cite this article: Lisa Harris, Anne-Marie Coles & Keith Dickson (2000): Building Innovation Networks: Issues of Strategy and Expertise, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 12:2, 229-241 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713698468 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/ terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be...
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...Gleim EQE Test Prep: Auditing and Systems (10 questions) ACC400 Auditing, Chapter 1-2 Pre Quiz Name: Date: [1] Gleim #: 1.1.1 -- Source: CPA 1193 A-9 In performing an attestation engagement, a CPA typically A. B. C. D. Supplies litigation support services. Assesses control risk at a low level. Provides management consulting advice. Expresses a conclusion about an assertion. Answer (A) is incorrect. Litigation support services are consulting services. Answer (B) is incorrect. The CPA assesses control risk in an audit but not necessarily in all attest engagements. Furthermore, the assessment may not be at a low level. Answer (C) is incorrect. An attest engagement results in a conclusion about an assertion. Answer (D) is correct. When a CPA in the practice of public accounting performs an attest engagement, the engagement is subject to the Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements (codified as AT 101 to AT 801). An attest engagement is one in which a practitioner is engaged to issue or does issue an examination, a review, or an agreed-upon procedures report on subject matter, or an assertion about the subject matter, that is the responsibility of another party. [2] Gleim #: 1.1.7 -- Source: CPA, adapted A CPA is required to comply with the provisions of Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAE) when engaged to A. Review management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) prepared pursuant to rules and regulations adopted by the SEC. B. Report on financial...
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...Kent and Dominic Stone The School of Creative Enterprise, London College of Communication, University of the Arts London, London, UK Abstract Purpose – To demonstrate how a company’s retail store design relates to its brand and is influenced by, and contributes to, its corporate values. Design/methodology/approach – The case study briefly summarises the significance of corporate values, branding and design in the retail industry, and subsequently explores The Body Shop’s application of these elements to its business. The case study is contextualised by The Body Shop’s retail environment forming a particularly important communication channel for the company. Findings – The Body Shop has in many ways been the victim of its own success. Being a unique proposition, and having effectively created its own retail category, it has appeared slow to evolve its brand identity. The strong association between the company and its campaigning founder, increasing competition and changing consumer attitudes, have been significant factors in the company’s struggle to re-align and update its brand. Research limitations/implications – The case study largely draws on secondary sources. However, it is informed by one of the authors’ experience and knowledge of The Body Shop’s design process, which has previously remained unpublished. Practical implications – The problems of planning and managing store design as a communications channel are highlighted. In particular, it demonstrates the difficulties in...
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...Qualification | Unit number and title | Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Business(QCF) | UNIT 16:Managing Communications, Knowledge, and Information | Student name and ID number | Assessors name | Kamiesha Lewis H1409030 | Abraham Pius | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 25thJanuary 2016 | 08th May 2016 by 5.00pm | 03 May 2016 | Internal Verifier | Dr George Panagiotou | Assignment title | Google Inc | Instructions | * An electronic copy of your assessment must be fully uploaded by the deadline date and time. * You must submit one single PDF or MS Office Word document. Any relevant images or screenshots must be included within the same MS Office Word or PDF document. * The last version you upload will be the one that is marked. Your paper will be marked if you have indicated this as your final submission. * Review the mitigating circumstances policy for information relating to extensions. * The file size must not exceed 20MB. * Answer the criteria in order, clearly indicating the pass criteria number. * Ensure that all work has been proof-read and checked prior to submission. * Ensure that the layout of your documents are in a professional format with font style Arial, font size 12 for the text, font 14 for sub heading and font 16 for main heading, line spacing 1.5 and justified. * Use the Harvard referencing system; otherwise it will be considered as plagiarised work. * Ensure that you back-up your...
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...Buss Law: Lindgren vs. GDT, LLC (96-98) Plaintiff: Lindgren/GDT, LLC Defendant: GDT, LLC/ Lindgren Facts: Lindgren came-up with an accessory concept, which she sold online and in a store in Iowa. She patented it in 2000. GDT started selling a product quite similar to hers at much higher prices through all of its distribution channels. When Lindgren found out she filed a lawsuit in the federal district court in Iowa against GDT for infringement. GDT, claiming that it has no affiliation with the State, expressed its right to exercise its in personam jurisdiction and filed a motion to dismiss the case in Iowa. Yet, Lindgren countered by stipulating that online the company gave the option of delivering its products to Iowa (with FedEx). Ruling: Lindgren failed to make a prima facie case of personal jurisdiction. Yet, the court found that Lindgren’s claim could continue in the central district of California. GDT’s motion to dismiss was denied. Judicial Opinion: Due process requires that in order to subject a non-resident to the jurisdiction of a state’s court, the latter should have a certain minimum contact with it. The contacts with the state should be more than ‘random’, ‘fortuitous’ or ‘attenuated’. Use of a precedent: Zippo manufacturing case. The Zippo court observed that the likelihood that the personal jurisdiction can be constitutionally exercised is directly proportionate to the nature and the quality of the commercial activity that an entity conducts over the...
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...CRIME, PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE IN A COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT This book aims to honour the work of Professor Mirjan Damaška, Sterling Professor of Law at Yale Law School and a prominent authority for many years in the fields of comparative law, procedural law, evidence, international criminal law and Continental legal history. Professor Damaška’s work is renowned for providing new frameworks for understanding different legal traditions. To celebrate the depth and richness of his work and discuss its implications for the future, the editors have brought together an impressive range of leading scholars from different jurisdictions in the fields of comparative and international law, evidence and criminal law and procedure. Using Professor Damaška’s work as a backdrop, the essays make a substantial contribution to the development of comparative law, procedure and evidence. After an introduction by the editors and a tribute by Harold Koh, Dean of Yale Law School, the book is divided into four parts. The first part considers contemporary trends in national criminal procedure, examining cross-fertilisation and the extent to which these trends are resulting in converging practices across national jurisdictions. The second part explores the epistemological environment of rules of evidence and procedure. The third part analyses human rights standards and the phenomenon of hybridisation in transnational and international criminal law. The final part of the book assesses Professor...
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...Knowledge Management Module Outline This course will develop your knowledge and understanding of contemporary theories and practices of knowledge management (KM) by examining the relationship between a theoretical understanding of knowledge management and real-life situations and by integrating different dimensions of knowledge management arising from human resource management, information systems and strategic management. The course will explain the concept of `intellectual capital’ and how it is managed and exploited in organisations. The course will demonstrate a critical understanding of knowledge management policies and strategies in organisations that enhance effectiveness. You will be able to apply a range of transferable skills including literature search, analytical skills, application of theory to real-life situations, teamwork, motivation and interpersonal skills. Module Aims The main aims of this module are to: Explore the diverse range of definitions and perspectives of knowledge management Explore philosophers in western philosophy and see what contribution they have on the nature of knowledge Explore the different conceptualisations of organizational learning Describe different component technologies found in knowledge management Explain how knowledge management systems can assist in a variety of organizational problems Understand different ways of thinking about strategy Understand the nature of organizational culture Understand effective ways of implementing...
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