...WHY PROSTITUTION SHOULD NOT BE LEGALISED Introduction The issue of legalisation of prostitution remains a highly controversial and debatable one. A lot many times the questions put forth demand to know whether legalisation will really stop the harm to prostitutes or the so-called ‘morally-secure’ society. A stronger element of agnosticism emerges in the proposals for legalisation when it’s on ground effect depicts a consternating increment in the very same issue it seeks to check- human trafficking. Total legalisation makes prostitution, the epitome of human rights violation, as much of an occupation as any other, albeit it remains clearly distinctive from other low-status and abusive forms of employment by the vice of being the worst one. Legalisation indubitably renders the economically and socially decumbent and vulnerable position of prostitutes- bolstered. It is true that the struggle for economic survival pushes people to extreme measures where in their choice of work appears justifiably consensual. But a deeper understanding reveals that the women engaged in prostitution for economic survival are in it by ‘coerced choice’ instead of a real one. In most cases, the prostitute is poor and traumatized even before she enters such a profession. Prostitution is a deranging and extreme form of gender discrimination. It not just affirms, but backwashes male supremacy. A violation in its most characteristic forms, legalised prostitution is nothing but an infringement to the...
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...that which has to do with forcible procurement of women and children and mainly focuses on sexual exploitation. The Convention on the Suppression of Traffic of Persons and the Exploitation for Prostitution of Others, 1949 was the foremost United Nations instrument that specifically addressed the definition and other related issues of trafficking. This convention was ratified by only 60 countries and remains largely unused and moribund till date. This convention has been regarded as abolitionist in nature by those countries which have legalized or regulated...
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...Glady Rose C. Bunao IV-23 BSE- Values Prof. Arabit DISCRIMINATING PROSTITUTION IS IMPOSSIBLE ABSTRACT: Prostitution was considered as the “oldest profession” in the world because of its commonality. This is one of the most abundant societal issue recognize all over the country that can’t be avoided nor discriminate at all. This term paper aims : 1.) To define prostitution 2.) To understand the history of prostitution in the Philippines; 3.) To classify the type of prostitution; 4.) To identify the cause and effect of prostitution; 5.) To specify the cause of men in buying prostitutes 6.) To give facts about prostitution all over the world. The researcher used to have interview with the buyer of prostitute specifically in Bulacan. This methodology will strengthen the 3 major theories namely: a.) Symbolic Interactionism, b.) Functionalism c.) Conflict Theory. Charles Darwin stated that there’s a need for survival. Prostitution was a product of never ending poverty in the world and in order to survive, even though they don’t want to engage to this kind of work, they don’t have choice but to follow where the money is or else, they will die in hunger. The scarcity of primary needs pushed people to desperately make some money even if they became “immoral” .It is considered as immoral because until now, it is not accepted in the society and there’s still debate if the world must accept this profession since it can’t be stop as the powerful group protects and control the illegality...
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...without sources of demand, where these types of transactions are considered to be socially and politically legitimate” (Leheny, D. 1995, p.367-384). Sex tourism is evident through many different forms, but the most popular ways it is evident is through pornography, prostitution, and human trafficing. This trend is one of the main sources of revenue in Thailand. It holds 6 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) which is just over $31 billion. Sex tourism started when the “American military on rest and recreation leave during the Vietnam War from 1962” (End Child Prostitution, Pornography and Trafficking UK). The US States Department’s Trafficking in Persons Report (2005) stated that the “widespread sex tourism in Thailand encourages trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.” This describes sex tourism as being a business related area, trying to convince people that it is an ethical way of making profits and revenues to boost Thailand’s economy. Sex tourism is not an ethical method for bringing revenue into the country because of the severe exploitation of children, and women, and it promotes the intentions of molestation. Thailand is known as the second biggest country for child sex tourism. Child prostitution “deprives children of their childhood, human rights, and dignity” (Lau, C. 2008, p. 144-155). Studies have shown that there is a range of 60,000 to 200,000 children, eighteen years of age or younger that are involved in the sex tourism industry in Thailand. The...
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...1. Introduction: ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) has described a clear idea about child prostitution. According to ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes), which became prominent in the late twentieth century for its work toward the elimination of child prostitution, child pornography, and trafficking of children for sexual purposes, defines child prostitution as "the use of a child in sexual activities for remuneration or any other consideration." According to UN Human Rights Commission (1989) “Child Prostitution” refers to the sexual exploitation of a child for remuneration in cash or in kind, usually but not always organized by an intermediary (parent, family member, procurer, teacher, etc.). Around the world today, there is a human right crisis of sexual abuse of millions of women, children and thousands of men in the prostitution & other form of sexual abuse. Child prostitution is the major part of total prostitution. Children are also involved in prostitution when they engage in sex in return for basic needs such as food, shelter or safety, or pocket money to purchase consumer goods. My paper explores the criminological factors associated with child prostitution in Bangladesh such as human trafficking and child prostitution, forced into prostitution, street children, broken home, social reintegration, livelihood and poverty, marital ...
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...Is prostitution really all that bad? Is there benefits to the business? In South Australia, prostitution became legal in 1953 under the Criminal Law Consolidation Act according to Scarlet Alliance Australian Laws. Earlier in 2015 a bill was sent to parliament declaring prostitution to be legal in all of Australia. In December of 2014, The Scarlet Alliance group, a pro prostitution group, gathered together to receive rights for sex slaves (scarletalliance.org.au). According to Lopes from Economics of Legal prostitutes, the women enjoy being escorts. The escorts make up to 495 Australian dollars which is equivalent to 400 U.S dollars per hour. Although 200 Australian dollars goes to the brothel, a house of prostitution, the money the escort...
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...Prostitution: A Problem of Equality, Dignity and Integrity There is much argument and debate in society about the issue of prostitution. Gunilla Ekberg, co-executive director of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women states that “in order to successfully find solutions to the problem of prostitution, it is necessary to think about and discuss among ourselves what kind of society we wish to live in.” Before this discussion, however, we need to take a step back. The first question that needs to be addressed is whether we as a society see prostitution as a problem. Do we see prostitution as an inevitable, inescapable and necessary profession - a profession that has always existed as the ‘oldest profession in the world’? Or do we acknowledge that prostitution is a violation of internationally recognised human rights: equality, dignity and integrity? Is prostitution a problem? A problem for equality It is widely recognised that violence against women is antithetical to the establishment of gender equality, and that one of the most severe and devastating practices of gender-based violence is the commercial exploitation of women and girls, which includes prostitution. The United States Department of State determines that few activities are as brutal and damaging to people as prostitution. Field research in nine countries concluded that 60-75% of women in prostitution were raped, 70-95% were physically assaulted, and 68% met the criteria for post traumatic stress disorder, in the...
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...Legalization of Prostitution: Its effects on sex trafficking and society Prostitution and sex trafficking is a persistent issue around the world. Neighborhoods are plagued with women whom are scantily dressed, having sex in open and public places. Sex trafficking is directly affected by prostitution; legalizing prostitution would reduce the amount of women abducted and forced into prostitution or forced into becoming sex slaves. Legalizing prostitution would also allow women to be able to make their own decision whether prostitution is a morally acceptable profession for them or not. Prostitution should be a decision made by an individual and not by the government. The government should not be able to decide what is morally acceptable and what is not; State and religion are meant to be separate because every individual has the right to make their own decisions regarding their own life. There are many positive outcomes to making prostitution legal; crime would be reduced, the economy would benefit tremendously, prostitutes would be safer as well as removing the social stigma attached to prostitution. By legalizing prostitution the numbers of people trafficked would be reduced by eliminating the demand for sex trafficking. With the many successful legal prostitution establishments commonly known as brothels, it is clear that legal prostitution can work in today’s society....
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...Introduction: Prostitution is one of the most widely neglected but complex vices of a society. It is the oldest profession in the world. The word prostitution began to come into common usage in the late eighteen century. Prostitution is historically and culturally ubiquitous with every culture adopting their own standards and attitudes. In the ancient world most purveyors of sexuality for economic reward were courtesans, concubines (kept mistresses) or slaves. Courtesans and concubines often had a high position in the traditional society. But in modern society this profession is being neglected and various social problems are occurred from it. One of the most serious problems is associated with the prostitution is the fact that the sex trade is surrounded by illegal, abusive and dangerous activities. One view maintains that such situations occur because prostitution is kept illegal and the industry operates on the back market. Besides these prostitutes are also sufferings in society. They have no status. Even their client also hates them. Prostitution: The word “prostitute” or more frequently “whore” is used as an insult towards a person (typically a women or girl) who is perceived as being sexually promiscuous (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prostitute). Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual service to another person in return for payment. People who execute such activities are called Prostitutes. According to Anthony Giddens, Prostitution can be defined...
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...PROSTITUTION IS NOT A CHOICE LEARN A BOUT TH E TRA FFI CKING OF WOMEN AND GIRLS WORLDWIDE, AND FIND OUT WHAT CAN BE DONE TO END THIS WID ESPR EAD PROBLEM … Soroptimist International of the Americas-1709 Spruce Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 - 215 893 9000 - www.soroptimist.org SOROPTIMIST WHITE PAPER Prostitution is Not a Choice I think so much about what has happened to me. Why these men did what they did to me. Old, disgusting men. It was horrible. They knew I did not want to be there, but they paid their money. They used me. I was their property for the night. They destroyed me. (14-year-old girl at Casa Hogar, a shelter in Costa Rica for children rescued from the country’s sex trade1) OVERVIEW Prostitution has been called the world’s oldest “profession.” In reality, it is the world’s oldest “oppression” and continues to be one of the most overlooked human rights abuses of women on the planet today. 2 Prostitution of women is a particularly lethal form of violence against women, and a violation of a woman’s most basic human rights. While society attempts to normalize prostitution on a variety of levels (discussed later in this paper), prostituted women are subjected to violence and abuse at the hands of paying “clients.” For the vast majority of prostituted women, “prostitution is the experience of being hunted, dominated, harassed, assaulted and battered.” 3 It is “sexual terrorism against women at the hands of men and little is being done to stop the carnage...
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...Prostitution. An age-old profession or an age-old problem begetting more problems? The United Kingdom is in the process of determining if and how to update or change its current laws regarding prostitution. In the midst of this determination, questions abound. Prostitution is no easy matter. In the age of women’s rights and the women’s movement, prostitution is a dividing factor. On the one end, it is the epitome of patriarchal abuse throughout centuries and perfected in our culture today. On the other end, it is a form of empowerment. And in between is the common person with his or her own take on prostitution as either abuse, a profession, or something a little of both. Alongside this culture of moral, cultural and legal uncertainty and to confound the problem is prostitution’s purported connection to international human trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. Therefore, on the one hand, prostitution’s reason for being illegal due to immorality may be obsolete, but should it remain somewhat illegal or banned altogether because it is linked to another crime that transcends borders and cultures? The following is a discussion on the same, and in the end, it is hoped that some clarity may be revealed from a puddle of obscurity. First, a brief introduction will be given about prostitution and human trafficking. Second, the laws of the United Kingdom and international law will be reviewed and analyzed. Third, a comparative review of current legal systems and...
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...ONE BACKGROUND Male prostitution can be defined as the act or practice of men providing sexual services to other men in return for payment. Boys prostitution involves Boys who provides sex for cash often to older men who are well educated, successful and outwardly heterosexual and conservative who are not able to express their desire publicly [Rent, Kearins]. Over 75% older men who patronize boys prostitutes are married and kept their visits to the boys prostitute as secret [Rent; Kearins]. Many young men working as prostitute consider themselves heterosexual and not homosexual or bisexual. Ironically these boys like their clients they service perform homosexual acts but would never identify themselves as gay. Popular accounts indicate that coercion and trickery are typical paths to initial involvement of boys in male prostitution. Here, an older and successful man uses force or deception to compel or lure an innocent, often troubled boy into prostitution in exchange for money or favour (Lindecker,...
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...“The tracking of Nigerian women into Italy” Commercial prostitution has always been complex issue throughout the world. Some people believe that sex trading over nations caused criminals in many regions. The article named “The tracking of Nigerian women in Italy” by Allison Loconto Ph.D, a post-doctoral research fellow at the French Institute for Research Innovation and Society and the National Institute of Agronomic Research. Moreover, she holds the Ph.D. on sociology from Michigan state university. The author declared the research of overseas refugees for prostitution business and indicated that it is clearly illustrated the factors and consequences of women involving in sexual exploitation and the issue of abusing human’s rights and dignity. Nevertheless, it creates a big damage to the country’s image and economic too. I mostly disagree to the author due to the reason of; prostitution does not commit any violence or harmful acts; it is also a career option. Moreover, according to the information given by the author, we can see in another aspect as a potential that motivates the economic. Basically, the author uses the sympathetic tone to delivers the fact that there are women and children trafficking had been equality issue that reflects a global situation. Over 3,000 Nigerian immigrants arrived Italy shores every year and disappear. Most people believe that they were grabbed by traffickers and forced to be sex slaves and exploitation. These reveal the facts of...
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...Human Trafficking – Prostitution in San Diego, California A sad fact widely known but not nearly as much talked about is that even in the land of the free, people are being bought, sold and smuggled like modern-day slaves. People are slowly disappearing, may it be somebody’s neighbor down the street, an unknown victim at the park or anybody in a known city like San Diego residing on the borders of Mexico. According to the Legal Social Issues Research Lab, “A modern-day form of slavery is known as human trafficking.” Victims of human trafficking are subjected to force, fraud, or coercion, for the purpose of sexual exploitation or forced labor. We are all victims as they are young children, teenagers, men and woman. Most Victims are trafficked into the Sex Industry. David A. Feingold states in his article that: Moving people across borders is as old as supplies and demand. What is new is the volume of the traffic and –and the realization that we have done little to stem the tide. We must look beyond our raw emotions if we are ever to stop those who trade in human lives. Trafficking in human begins with the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons for the purpose of exploitation. Human trafficking differs from people smuggling. In the latter, people would voluntarily request smuggler’s service for fees, and there may be no deception involved in this agreement. On arrival at their destination, the smuggled person is either free or is required...
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...of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs ( www.unodc.org). Human trafficking has become a major problem worldwide which affects many people it is also a serious crime and a violation in human rights. An estimated 600-800 thousand people are moved unwillingly between international borders each year). There is an even larger number of 12.3 million people who are estimated to be forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and the sex trade. A majority of the people forced into labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimated 1 million children per year. There is a large amount of violence and abuse involved in sex slavery, many times leading to death. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex slavery and the sex trade but has also played major roles in efforts to stop it. There has been speculation that the way that human trafficking has been constructed over time is a major problem in the scheme of trafficking. Barbara Sullivan writes that as the debate over trafficking evolved “women were seen to have a 'vulnerable sexuality' that was readily exploited by men; trafficking...
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