...Export and Import Management I. Research for Exports When entering a culturally and linguistically different part of the world, managers need to understand a completely new way of commercial thinking that is based on a different culture and works on a different set of premises. The first step is to use available secondary data to research potential markets. The identification of an appropriate overseas market involves the following criteria: * Socioeconomic characteristics (e.g., demographic, economic, geographic, and climatic characteristics) * Political and legal characteristics * Consumer variables (e.g., lifestyle, preferences, culture, taste, purchase behavior, and purchase frequency) * Financial conditions On the basis of these criteria, an exporter can form an idea of the market segments in a foreign market. II. Export Market Segment There would be geographical and psychographic segments in many different countries to which the firm can export the same core product it sells in domestic markets without any significant changes. Products that can be standardized could satisfy basic needs that do not vary with climate, economic conditions, or culture. A standardized product is the easiest to sell abroad logistically because the firm incurs no additional manufacturing costs and is able to use the same promotional messages across different regions in different countries across the world. Where it is not possible to sell standardized products, the firm could...
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...MINUTES OF ENJOYMENT NOTES T = THERAPIST C = CLIENT T: How long does it take you to smoke a cigarette? C: About five Minutes T: Do you believe that smoking is harmful to your health C: Yes. T: Do you ever experience shortness of breath? C: Sometimes. T: Have you ever burned clothing or other objects? C: Yes, many times before. T: Could you find something to do with the money you would be saving? C: Sure I could. T: Many smokers tell me that it is becoming a headache to smoke, do you agree? C: Oh yes, it's becoming harder to find a place to smoke. T: Tell me have you ever heard that smoking will decrease your life span? C: Yes, I have. T: Wouldn't it be nice to set a positive example for your children? C: Yes, they hate it when I smoke. T: As you shared with me earlier you have been smoking about 2 packs a day. Most people who smoke as much as you realize that the majority of their smoking is simply a habit that they really don't think about. The phone rings, and they reach for a cigarette. They start the car and reach for a cigarette. T: However they do say that there are a few cigarettes that they truly enjoy. Maybe after a meal, or with a cup of coffee. T: If you were going to be honest with yourself, how many cigarettes do think you really get enjoyment from C: Maybe four or five. T: Let's spend a moment and look at your smoking logically rather than emotionally. As you have said yourself, it takes you about 4 or 5 minutes to smoke...
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...Export Management Final Report | | |Date |11/22/2010 | Table of Contents Part I 2 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Background Information about the Netherlands 4 PESTEL Analysis 7 Market Research & SWOT Analysis 14 I. Market Research 14 II. SWOT Analysis 22 Part II 23 Entry Strategy: 23 Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning 23 ϖ Segmentation 23 ϖ Targeting 26 ϖ Positioning 28 Part III 30 Marketing Communication Plan 30 Conclusion & Recommendations 31 ϖ Conclusion 31 ϖ Recommendations 31 References 33 Part I Executive Summary This report has been carried out by the board of directors of Lenovo. The purpose of this report is to illustrate the export management plan of Lenovo. Lenovo Group Limited is a Chinese-based multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures and markets desktops and notebook personal computers, workstations, servers, storage drives, IT management software, and related services. The report analyzes the environment and market which Lenovo will have to operate in. We start out giving some background information about the Netherlands. Then we move on to doing a PESTEL analysis. After that we explore the market research we have done and take a look at the SWOT analysis...
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...fulfill the unsaturated field of Export & Import by providing its best of the best knowledge and experience by its dedicated expertise for preparing good quality Exporter and Importer in the International Market and hence contributing to build up an asset pool for the country and the Industry. IIIEM believes in the field of International Business only a strong knowledge base coupled with conceptual clarity and execution skills can ensure desired results as required by the Industry. The Key drivers always tries to enhance teaching module by giving careful attention to each of the individuals relating technical, regulatory and practical issues. Therefore IIIEM Team makes an effort to enhance and expand the global opportunity to all individual by way of providing "Diploma in Import & Export Management Course (DEIM)" in regular courses but has also started initiative by Launching "Distance Learning Module (DLM)". Diploma in Export & Import Management (DEIM) - Regular CourseIIIEM is a renowned name in providing the whole cycle of Import & Export with researched innovative Practical Training and Port Visit. The curriculum of Diploma in Export Import Management includes the following: Topic 1: Basics of International Trade & Export Marketing | * International Trade Basis Selection of Product for Export * Export Pricing * Packaging and Promotion * Distribution Export Correspondence * Negotiation * Setting up of your own export business-Trade Cycles * Market...
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...Chapter THIRTEEN Export and Import Strategies Objectives • To introduce the ideas of export and import • To identify the elements of export and exporting strategies • To compare direct and indirect selling of exporting • To identify the elements of import and import strategies • To discuss the types and roles of third-party intermediaries in exporting • To discuss the role of countertrade in international business Chapter Overview The first part of Chapter Thirteen is devoted to an examination of export and import strategies. Table 13.1 identifies the steps to consider when developing an export (or import) business plan. Next, the roles of a wide variety of third-party intermediaries are discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the major issues related to export financing, including the use of countertrade as a form of payment mechanism. Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: Grieve Corporation—A Small Business Export Strategy A small firm located near Chicago, Grieve Corporation manufactures laboratory and industrial ovens, furnaces, and heat processing systems for the U.S. market. Grieve began losing business as (i) foreign competitors began to penetrate the U.S. market and (ii) its customers began to move overseas and started sourcing locally. With the help of the International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce, Grieve was able to identify potential Asian distributors. During a business trip to Asia, the...
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...Exporting[edit] Exporting is the process of selling of goods and services produced in one country to other countries.[4] There are two types of exporting: direct and indirect. Direct Exports[edit] Direct exports represent the most basic mode of exporting made by a (holding) company, capitalizing on economies of scale in production concentrated in the home country and affording better control over distribution. Direct export works the best if the volumes are small. Large volumes of export may trigger protectionism. The main characteristic of direct exports entry model is that there are no intermediaries. Types[edit] Sales representatives Sales representatives represent foreign suppliers/manufacturers in their local markets for an established commission on sales. Provide support services to a manufacturer regarding local advertising, local sales presentations, customs clearance formalities, legal requirements. Manufacturers of highly technical services or products such as production machinery, benefit the most form sales representation. Importing distributors Importing distributors purchase product in their own right and resell it in their local markets to wholesalers, retailers, or both. Importing distributors are a good market entry strategy for products that are carried in inventory, such as toys, appliances, prepared food.[5] Advantages[edit] * Control over selection of foreign markets and choice of foreign representative companies * Good information feedback from target...
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...of Exporting Recom m end 41 people recommend this. Contributed by: Tekle S. (ID 584) Any company, before committing its resources to venture in the export business, must carefully assess the advantages and disadvantages of exporting into a new market. Whether it is unintentional or a deliberate move companies need to evaluate and carefully assess the advantages and challenges of exporting before committing resources. Visit Tekle S.'s Expert Profile In C ategory: Trade C opyright © Tekle S. (ID 584) , a prequalified Trainer from Brentwood, United States Article Stats Added: 16/01/07 787 Words 14119 x Read Any company, before committing its resources to venture in the export business, must carefully assess the advantages and disadvantages of exporting into a new market. While some companies enter the export business unintentionally after receiving order to purchase from foreign buyer that found their product. Others make a deliberate move and conduct thorough research before entering new market. Whether it is unintentional or deliberate move companies need to evaluate and carefully assess the advantages and challenges of exporting before committing resources. In: Trade Using Proforma Invoice Will Help To Increase Your Profit In: Trade Preventing Fraud When Sourcing From Overseas In: Trade Essentials To Export/Import Success In: Trade Approaches to Importing/Exporting 4 more free full-text Whitepapers from Tekle S.:...
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...EXPORT STRATEGIES AVAILABLE TO FIRMS INTERNATIONALISING This report gives an insight into exporting, its definitions and other international business transactions, it goes on discussing the different strategies available to a firm internationalizing for the first time, and these include both direct and indirect strategies available, and provides examples of firms that use export strategies. It also gives the advantages and disadvantages of such strategies. At the end of the report it provides a conclusion and recommendations to what strategies a firm can adopt depending on the situation. 2.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The most conventional forms of international business transactions are international trade and investment. International trade refers to an exchange of products and services across borders. Exchange can be through exporting, importing or countertrade. Exporting is an entry strategy involving the sale of products and services to customers located abroad from the home base or third country. Importing is the buying of products abroad and bringing them to the home market. Countertrade is a business transaction where all or partial payments are made in kind rather than cash. Both finished and intermediate goods, such as raw materials and components are subject to trade. While on the other hand international investment refers to the transfer of assets to another country, or acquisition of assets in that country through foreign direct investment and contractual...
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...A SWOT Analysis on RMG Sector in Bangladesh RMG is the leading industry in Bangladesh. It is basically a labor-intensive industry and it needs limited financial investment and relatively simple technology compared to other high technical industries. The success story of Garment Industry in Bangladesh is the story as to how the readymade garments starting in the late seventies as an insignificant non-traditional item of export. In 1998-99 this sector has earned 4019.98 million US$ through exporting which is 75.67% of the total export. The tremendous success of Readymade Garment (RMG) exports from Bangladesh over last two decades has surpassed the most optimistic expectations. At present Bangladesh is the 6th largest exporter to USA and in 1997 Bangladesh becomes 18th largest exporter in the world. Now Bangladesh ranks first export of T-shirts to Europe (BGMEA, 1997-98). The overall impact of the readymade garment export industry is certainly one of the most significant social end economic developments in contemporary Bangladesh. The remarkable achievement of RMG sector is now exposed to each and every country. Despite these impressive achievements and the probable challenges in the near future, if properly managed, the prospects for further expansion and growth for this sector remain bright. There are some major threats still exits in this sector but Bangladesh has the ability to overcome these threats. Readymade Garment (RMG) industry holds a key position in the...
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...Export Readiness Analysis 2XU is an Australian sports apparel company established in 2005, the firm employs 45 full time employees making the firm a SME (Small and Medium Sized Enterprise) (Global Execellance, 2013). The firm specialises in producing compression clothing in the growing international sportswear market, which is worth US$244 billion (Heathcote, 2013). 2XU began as born global, with goals to establish itself as a global brand from conception. These goals were achieved in 2007, with direct exports to distributors based in the United States. Since, 2007 the firm has established itself as a gloabal brand with exports to 57 countries world wide (Heathcote, 2013). A crucial aspect of 2XU establishing itself as an international firm, has been the successful application of Export Market Development Grants from Austrade totalling $500,000 (Australian, Business Financing Centre, 2013); with the EMDG, reducuing the initial costs of exporting. While 2XU, has already established itself as a global firm, the company needs to continue its expansion into new markets, if it is to achieve is goal of $1 billion of sales within the next 10 to 15 years. Therefore it must be asked, is 2XU is ready to begin exporting to a new market? Export readiness measures how prepared a firm is to conduct its business within a new export market. An Export ready firm must fufill three criteria, it must have; a competitive advantage, suitable and adequete resources and have a clear strategy...
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...Did Downey Foods' export opportunity occur as a result of proactive action by Downey or was its strategy reactive? Why did Downey experience frustrations when trying to export to Japan? What actions might Downey take to improve its prospects of succeeding in the Japanese market? You have been hired by Downey Foods to develop an exporting strategy for the firm. What steps do you think Downey should take to increase the volume of its exports? Internet Exploration Question This case recounts the disappointing experience that Downey Foods Inc. had in its attempt to export soup to Japan. Downey Foods is a company that originated in an Irish tavern in Philadelphia named Downey's. Downey's sold a lobster bisque soup that attracted the attention of a Japanese trade organization in Philadelphia. After catering its soup to a trade show sponsored by the Japanese organization, Downey started thinking about exporting its soup to Japan. The company was encouraged by the Japanese External Trade Organization (Jetro) to pursue its idea. Jetro even treated a Downey executive to an all-expenses-paid 10-day marketing trip to Japan, where the company received its first order for 1,000 cases of lobster-bisque soup. Downey Foods, which had visions of significantly increasing its sales through exports, made the soup and shipped it to Japan. To Downey's surprise, the soup was detained at customs in Japan, and was rejected because of the presence of a food additive. Downey modified the soup...
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...Foreign Market Entry Modes Expansion into foreign markets can be achieved via the following mechanisms: Exporting is the process of selling of goods and services produced in one country to other countries. There are two types of exporting: direct and indirect. Direct exports Direct exports represent the most basic mode of exporting made by a (holding) company, capitalizing on economies of scale in production concentrated in the home country and affording better control over distribution. Direct export works the best if the volumes are small. Large volumes of export may trigger protectionism. Types Sales representatives Sales representatives represent foreign suppliers/manufacturers in their local markets for an established commission on sales. Provide support services to a manufacturer regarding local advertising, local sales presentations, customs clearance formalities, legal requirements. Manufacturers of highly technical services or products such as production machinery, benefit the most form sales representation. Importing distributors Importing distributors purchase product in their own right and resell it in their local markets to wholesalers, retailers, or both. Importing distributors are a good market entry strategy for products that are carried in inventory, such as toys, appliances, prepared food. Advantages • Control over selection of foreign markets and choice of foreign representative companies • Good information feedback from target market • Better...
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...of Science and Education Green Barriers and China’s Agricultural Product Export: Is There Any Relationship? Mudiarasan Kuppusamy1 & Behrooz Gharleghi1,2 1 Faculty of Business and Management, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Centre for the Study of the Economics of Ageing (CSEA), Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence: Behrooz Gharleghi, Faculty of Business and Management, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, TPM, 57000, Bukit Jail, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: 60-19-615-3515. E-mail: behrooz@apu.edu.my Received: April 4, 2014 Accepted: May 30, 2014 doi:10.5539/ass.v10n16p34 Online Published: July 24, 2014 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n16p34 Abstract As an agricultural country, the export of China's agricultural products are often suffered the restrictions from the green barriers. The positive green barriers can regulate the agricultural production in China, and promote the agricultural development and international trade; on the other hand, the negative green barriers would increase the cost of trade, trade friction, and prevent the development of international trade. So the research of influence of green barriers on China’s agricultural products is very realistic. According to the influence of green barriers on China’s agricultural exports, the corresponding countermeasures can be made to deal with the green barriers...
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...Salahuddin ID: 136-34-21 Program: Master’s of Business Administration Major: Finance&Banking Semester: Supervised By: Md. Kamrul Hasan Lecturer Department of Business Administration Southern University Bangladesh Internship Duration: Submission Date: Dedication Dedicated to my family, friends who always pray to the Almighty Allah for my prosperity and also provided all kinds of support & inspiration………… Letter of Submission: Date: To Md. Shahidullah Manager EXIM Bank Ltd. Agrabad, Chittagong. Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Sir, It is a pleasure to hand over the report of my internship program on “Foreign Exchange Management Practices of EXIM Bank Ltd” to you. This Internship program has provided me the opportunity to have the practical experience about my bachelor degree program by working with the employees of all departments in EXIM Bank ltd, Agrabad. It gave me valuable insights to the professional life in an organization specially about banking system. I, therefore convey my thanks to you for your co-operation, supervision and advice in conducting and preparing this report. I have tried my level best to prepare this report. Any shortcomings of fault may arise as my unintentional mistakes. I will wholeheartedly welcome any clarification and suggestion about any view and conception disseminated through this report. Sincerely yours Md. Sabbir Jahan ...
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...The concept of ‘internationalization’ is strongly related to a process of involvement and accurate decision making regarding the entry or expansion into new or existing markets taking into consideration dynamic factors and limitations that could influence the entrepreneur. As Buckley J. and Ghauri N. (1999:85, 86) state, the meaning is used to describe how growth of international businesses is mainly dependant on the ‘inward-outward interlink’, thus acquiring foreign commitment over time through a six dimension pattern. The framework suggests that the success of international companies is linked to foreign operation methods and the change tendency as well as sales objects and targeted markets, organizational structure and personnel together with finance and technology. Therefore, in terms of analysing the start-up for a new venture, entrepreneurs should focus on developing and integrating the abovementioned and as Oviatt and McDougall (2004:31) indicate, gain the competitive advantage through resource utilisation and output sale in multiple countries. In order to achieve that, proactive strategies such as alliances, manufacturing capacity or marketing expertise should be taken into consideration as suggested by Buckley and Casson (1976:4) and consistent with a value added approach rather than asset owned. Therefore, the strategy is more concerned with small and medium size firms which start up locally and then mature to become consistent with the MNE theory and foreign direct...
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