...The post-WWII era was a period that brought about significant global social and economic change. With the conversion from domestic to export production due to increasing domestic production costs, First World nations sought after Third World labour as a way to reduce production costs. The rise of Third World industrialization, or newly industrialized countries (NICs), in the 1970s and growing throughout the rest of the century allowed the First World to keep up with rising consumption rates while keeping labour costs low. To represent the shift to export production, and to serve firms seeking lower wages and Third World governments seeking capital investment, export processing zones (EPZs) were created. Most EPZs are located in developing countries, and these zones attract employers as a solution to domestic production while also taking advantage of reduced trade barriers set up by the host nation in an attempt to reduce poverty, unemployment, and stimulate their domestic economy. The creation of these EPZs supported the rise of neoliberal globalization and the free market system throughout the latter half of the 20th century, which stated that the private sector would determine state priorities. This paper will examine the rise of EPZs and their connection to neoliberal globalization, as well as their relationship to the debt crisis of the 1980s and the growth of structural adjustment programs. With the Cold War immediately following WWII, countries were divided into a class...
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...The Potentialities and Sustainability of Export Processing Zones in a Competitve Environment in an Integrated Economy:Evidence from Tanzania By Joseph S.Kiria Introduction and Background Proposed research is literally about potentiality of Export Processing Zones (EPZs) in achieving strategic objectives envisaged in the national vision development objectives in Tanzania. Study explores the potentiality and sustainability of EPZ as a development strategy in the context of linkage with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and its benefits in a competitive environment. An understanding of this subject is important for at least four reasons.Firstly, government spends part of its limited budget through fiscal incentives to subsidize EPZs. This is a revenue loss to the governemnt, and such budgetary impact have implications on other government development programmes. Secondly, though EPZs strategy may look impressive, it may be constrained by the level of competiton created by liberalization, therefore, identifying challenges and limitations facing the regime in the competitive environment encouraged by free trade regime is important to enhance its sustainability.Thirdly, there is evidence elsewhere that it is mainly cheap labour and excellent infrastructure but not fiscal incenntives that attract export-oriented FDI.A proof will provide a lesson and new experince in the context of this study.Lastly, Tanzania experience on EPZ has not been explored enough partly due to the newness...
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...1. The Boilers Act, 1923 • Applied to whole Bangladesh. • An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to steam-boilers. • Applied to owners of boilers and steam pipe and in the law there was mention that there should appoint an inspector in this sector for monitoring. (section27A) Retrieved on (2015, May 26) from (www.boiler.gov.bd) 2. The Mines Act, 1923 • Applied to whole Bangladesh. • It shall come into force on the first day of July, 1924. • An Act to amend and consolidate the law relating to the regulation and inspection of mines. • This act applied to all the workers who work in mines. Retrieved on (2015, May 26) from (faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/pak64462.pdf) 3. The Cotton Industry (Statistics) Act, 1926 • Applied to whole Bangladesh. • An Act to provide for the regular submission of returns of quantities of cotton goods manufactured and cotton yarn spun in Bangladesh. • This act describe about cotton goods, areas for productions and regulation of supply. Retrieved on (2015, May 26) from (www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxweban.htm) 4. The Dock Workers’ Act, 1934 • It extends to the whole of Pakistan. • An Act to give effect in Pakistan to the Convention concerning the protection against accidents of workers employed in loading and unloading ships. ...
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...regulation prescribed by the investment forum for schedule countries on companies. The functions of the country or company cover a wide range of investment and functional activities to individual, firms, corporate bodies and other multinational agencies. It is very important to the national economy as a whole because the expansion and condition of the company or firm affect the level of business activity through their effect on the nation’s money supply. The direct foreign investment extended its credit facilities to different sectors to diversify its credit portfolio in compliance with credit policies of direct investment of the foreign country such as Industrial, Housing, Contract work, Working capital for trades, manufacturing processing plants and export oriented industries and other business. Introduction This Century is” Century of Globalization of trade and economy”. The world is facing competition in marketing of the products in global market. In this circumstance the companies goes to investment, those has available capital to invest out side the country where they can get competitive advantages in terms of cost, Expansion of market, Raw materials. The countries have available work force, Natural resource or agro-products, expertise to attract the foreign investors, is offering various types of packages to the foreign investors, especially country like Bangladesh. Bangladesh is one of Least developed Countries (LDC) and , there is available work forces in low cast compare...
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...1.1 Bangladesh Status General Status (a) GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE Official Name : Capital : The People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Dhaka Geographical Location : North-Eastern part of South Asia situated in-between 20° 34’ & 26° 38’ – North Latitude and 88° 01’ & 92° 41’ – East Longitude. International Boundaries: North – India (West Bengal & Meghalaya ) West – India (West Bengal) East – India (Tripura & Assam) and Myanmar South – Bay of Bengal Area Standard Time : : 147570 (Sq. Km.) GMT + 6 hours 2 3 Climate : Sub-tropical monsoon Principal Seasons : Winter : Period - December-February Temperature - Max – 29°C & Min – 09°C Summer : Period - April – September Temperature - Max – 38°C & Min – 21°C Monsoon : Period - July – October (80% of rainfall occurs during this period) Rainfall Humidity : : 120 ~ 345 cm (47’’ ~ 136’’) during Monsoon Highest : 99 % (July) Lowest : 36 % (December & January) Land Type : Flat fertile alluvial land (with hilly landscapes in the East and North – Eastern regions). Vegetation : Grassland, mixed evergreen and evergreen. 4 Major Cities : Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Bogra, Narayanganj, Barisal, Mymensingh, Comilla and Jessore. Sea Ports : Major Two Sea Ports. i) Chittagong and ii) Mongla. Major Inland Ports : Dhaka, Narayanganj, Chandpur, Barisal, Khulna, Noapara, Bhairab Bazar, Ashuganj, Sirajganj...
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...Introduction to Economic Zones “Export else perish “ these are the words of first Prime Minister of India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. India being a continent like country having 30 states, more than 1000 languages and world second largest man power having diversified natural conditions right from Rain Forests of Kerala, Ice Mountains of Himalaya, Runn of Kuch to productive land of Bramahaputra has great potentials of world class export worthy products from various industries like Agriculture, Engineering, Chemicals, Software’s, Gems and Jewellry, Pharmaceuticals, Bio technology and many more. During last fifty years, mostly ours exports have been less than our imports and the balance of trade been unfavorable. In 1990-1991 India had faced real pressure on the balance of payment. During this period, exports had stagnated and there was a crisis in foreign reserves which lead to an emergency situation in India. Liberalization policy was announced in June 1991. It is the precious gift of Dr Manmohan Singh to the people of India at a time when the country was in the grip of unprecedented economic crisis and political turmoil. One of the areas in which this policy focused on was on increasing India’s export. And the trickle down effect of these reforms has lead to the advent of SEZ In this age of Globalisation, there is a need for every nation in the world to perform well economically. With the improvements in science and technology and the raising standards of living worldwide...
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...Investment Incentives In order to encourage the inflows of FDI the government of Bangladesh offers one of the most liberal investment policies and attractive packages of fiscal, financial and other incentives to foreign entrepreneurs in South Asia. Major incentives to stimulate private sector direct investment are listed below. Tax Exemptions Generally five to seven years' tax exemptions are available for many business investments. However, for electric power generation tax exemptions are provided for up to 15 years. Duty No import duty is applicable for export oriented industry. For other industries it is 5% ad valorem. Income Tax Double taxation can be avoided in most cases as the country (Bangladesh) benefits from many bilateral investment agreements. Exemptions of income tax up to three years for the expatriate employees in industries are specified in the relevant schedules of the income tax ordinance. Remittances Facilities for full repatriation of invested capital, profits and dividends are the norm in most situations Exit An investor can wind up an investment either through a decision of an annual or extraordinary general meeting. Once a foreign investor completes the formalities to exit the country, he or she can repatriate the net proceeds after securing proper authorization from the central bank (Bangladesh Bank). Ownership Foreign investors can set up ventures, either wholly owned or in joint collaboration, with local partners. Investing...
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...ON “STANDARD LIVING OF BANGLADESH ” Submitted to- Md. Rezwanur Rahman Associate Professor Department of Management Carmichael College, Rangpur. Department of Management Carmichael College, Rangpur. Submitted By- Md. Amin Hossain Class Roll: 4092 Roll: 9818619 Registration: 1768100 Mobile: 01744480430 Submission Date: ............................. Letter of Transmittal Shehab Jil Karnine Lecturer Department of Management Carmichael College, Rangpur Subject: Submission Of Term Paper Sir, It has been a great pleasure to submit my Term Paper of successfully on Standard living of Bangladesh. I am trying to make the best collection of data Standard living of Bangladesh. I have invested my every effort to represent the management process of Dhaka EPZ. I have aimed to use this report for the academic purposes only. I will be grateful and pleased as well having any suggestions, directions or recommendations for further improvement of the Term Paper. I hope my Term Paper will satisfy you and I would also like to thank once again for your kind assistance in this regard. Yours sincerely Md. Amin Hossain Class Roll: 4092 Roll: 9818619 Registration: 1768100 Mobile: 01744480430 Acknowledgements At first I must convey my sincere gratitude to my respected teacher “Md. Shehab Jil Karnine” who was my department advisor during the internship program. It was because of his thorough guidance that...
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...In recent year there has been increasing the number of special economic zones all over the world. Because it is one of the best way to attract foreign investments to the national economies of developing countires.Special eonomic zones are the region where the financial and economic laws are relaxed. Foreign investors would be ready to invest in an area if the conditions are favorable for their businesses. Many countries are using such kind of method to accelerate their eonomy and improve their facilities to the foreign investors which their investments can be reproduced in national eonomies. By creating certain areas within the country where taxes are reduced, financial and enviromental regulations are not so tough , and according to these criterias there are various types of special economic zones throughout the world. Free trade zones( FTZ) are tax-free area where goods can be landed and “value added”, through handling and manufacturing, and re-exported without the intervention of customs. Theese zones generally focus on labour intensive maufacturing goods, such as textile and eletrical equipment and which governments can increase the inflow of foreign currency and economic growth by exproting theese products. Free-trade zones are organized around major seaports, international airports, and national frontiers—areas with many geographic advantages for trade. Examples include Hong Kong, Singapore, Colón (Panama), Copenhagen, Stockholm, Gdansk (Poland), Los Angeles, and New York...
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...dddddddddddddddddddddd Chapter 7: Market Entry Strategies Chapter Objectives Structure Of The Chapter Entry strategies Special features of commodity trade Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions Review Question Answers References Bibliography When an organization has made a decision to enter an overseas market, there are a variety of options open to it. These options vary with cost, risk and the degree of control which can be exercised over them. The simplest form of entry strategy is exporting using either a direct or indirect method such as an agent, in the case of the former, or countertrade, in the case of the latter. More complex forms include truly global operations which may involve joint ventures, or export processing zones. Having decided on the form of export strategy, decisions have to be made on the specific channels. Many agricultural products of a raw or commodity nature use agents, distributors or involve Government, whereas processed materials, whilst not excluding these, rely more heavily on more sophisticated forms of access. These will be expanded on later. Chapter Objectives The objectives of the chapter are: Structure of the Chapter The chapter begins by looking at the concept of market entry strategies within the control of a chosen marketing mix. It then goes on to describe the different forms of entry strategy, both direct and indirect exporting and foreign production, and the advantages and disadvantages connected with each method. The chapter gives...
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...Supply Chain Challenges for Food Processing Industry. By – Bhupinder Singh. Dated 5th Dec. 2009. Vista Foods – Mumbai An Group Company Vista Foods – Mumbai – India an OSI Group company. OSI Group is strategically organized into three defined Zones – The Americas Zone. The Europe Zone. The Asia /Pacific Zone. Over all OSI Group is in 26 Countries. Serving McDonald’s Worldwide and other international retails label pack. “Be ready to accept a new idea. Innovation is the lifeblood of growth. Create an environment that breeds innovation . Maintain consistency while responding to change.” ---- Ray Kroc Chairman Agenda 1 Food Processing Sector in India 2 Supply Chain Challenges in Food Industry 3 Opportunities & Recommendations 4 1 Food Processing Sector in India 2 Supply Chain Challenges in Food Industry 3 Opportunities & Recommendations 5 Food Processing Sector in India Food is the largest consumption category in India... Food Consum ption in India 250 So urce: B M I, Q12009 & CSO C A G R : 5 .3 2 % 229.7 210.3 200 180.1 168.6 151.7 157.7 184.4 191.4 198 1 50 1 00 50 0 2005 2006 2007 2008e 2009f 201 0f 201 f 1 201 2f 201 3f Significant Opportunity India as a huge Consumer Market 6 Food Processing Sector in India India has huge supply advantages due to diverse agro-climatic conditions and wide ranging raw material base… • 52% cultivable land compared to 11% world average...
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...finished diamond jewellery. The largest consumer of gold worldwide, India is also the leading diamond cutting nation. Gold and precious gems have played a pivotal role in the Indian social fabric and economy. Precious gems and jewellery are a part and parcel of Indian traditions and customs. Gold has traditionally been valued in India as a savings-andinvestment vehicle and even today, continues to be the second most popular instrument after bank deposits. Gems and jewellery is one of the fastest growing sectors in the Indian economy with an annual growth rate of approximately 15 per cent. The gems and jewellery industry accounts for nearly 20 per cent of the total Indian exports and employs over 1.3 million people, directly or indirectly. The Gems and Jewellery (G&J) market essentially comprises of sourcing, processing, manufacturing and selling of precious metals and gemstones, such...
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...was the role of food aid/exports from the developed world to the developing world during the Development Project? How has food aid/exports shaped the kind and conditions of work done in the developing world? To what consequence? Post World War II began a term where development of the new and old world became high priority. The developed world began to inspect new ways to attain additional global capital. The ensuing projects evidently served as a cultural hegemonic movement that promoted Western civilization cultural dominance. Hugely evident during the Development Project, the United States aided food impoverished countries, mostly newly formed nation-states that gained independence after WWII, by exporting food and other goods...
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...Table Of Contents Sl. No. Name of the Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 1 2. Bangladesh: An Emerging Destination For Foreign Economy 1-10 3. Foreign Investment Opportunities 10-13 4. Current Situation Of Foreign Investment In Bangladesh: 13-19 5. Foreign Investment Trends In Bangladesh 20-34 6. Why Should Foreign Investors Invest In Bangladesh 35-39 7. How Can Our Government Come Forward To Attract Foreign Investors 39-46 8. Recommendation 47 9. Conclusion 48 10 References 48 INTRODUCTION: Bangladesh is now trying to establish itself as the next rising star in South Asia for foreign investment. The government has implemented a number of policy reforms designed to create a more open and competitive climate for private investment, both foreign and local. The country has a genuinely democratic system of government and enjoys political stability seen as a sine qua non for ensuring a favorable climate for investment and sustained development. Bangladesh has been quick to undertake major restructuring for establishing a market economy, with the major thrust coming from the private sector. The country enjoys modest but steady economic growth. Its current development strategy is based on the premise that the creation and distribution of wealth occurs through the acceleration of growth driven by competitive market forces, with the government facilitating growth and making a clean break from the practices of a controlled economy where private...
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...Park, Dengliang Road, NanShan District Shenzhen, Guangdong China Gangqiao Street, Nanxiashu Town, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu China AcBel Polytech Inc. No. 17-28, (Hong Yeh Road), Hong Yeh 138 Industrial District, Tang Xia Town Dongguan, Guangdong China Advanced-Connectek Inc. No. 2 Middle LanJing Road, Grand Industrial Zone, PingShan District Shenzhen, Guangdong China No. 888 Hua-Yuan Road, Zhang-Pu Town Kunshan, Jiangsu China AKM Semiconductor, Inc. 1-15, Nakashima-cho, Nobeoka, Miyazaki Japan No. 5 Nanke 7th Road, Southern Taiwan Science Park Tainan, Taiwan 13-2 Sekinoiri Sumie, Ishinomaki City, Miyazaki Japan 4 Ren Der Road, Hsinchu Industrial Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan 5-4960, Nakagawara-cho Nobeoka, Miyazaki Japan Alcoa, Inc. 1480 Manheim Pike, Lancaster, Pennsylvania USA Supplier List 2013 2 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. 230, Shibue Wakuya-Cho Tohda-gun, Miyagi Japan No. 5, Xingchuang 4 Road Singapore Industrial Park Wuxi, Jiangsu China 41-25, Yanagi-machi, Noda Onahama Iwaki, Fukushima Japan P.T. 10643, Nilai Industrial Estate Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia 6-1 Nishida Kakuda City, Miyagi Japan Xinxing Industry Zone, Xingfa South Street, Wushaliwu, Changan Town Dongguan, Guangdong China 6-3-36 Furukawanakazato Osaki, Miyagi Japan Amperex Technology Ltd. 1 West Industrial Road, North Industrial Park, SongShan Lake Dongguan, Guangdong China ATL Industrial Park,...
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