...THE HUMAN EYE The eyeball is a sphere that lies buried in fat inside the orbit, or space in the skull. The adult human eye has a diameter of approximately 2.5 cm. Each eyeball has six ocular muscles attached to it. These muscles move the eye. The eyelids are like moveable curtains in front of the eye and consist of three layers; the skin, the muscles that open and close the lids, and the cunjunctiva which is a membrane that lines the eyelids and covers part of the eyeball. The eyelids serve as protection from injury, as well as, regulate the amount of light that enters the eyes. Blinking also wipes the surface of the eyes clean, and keeps a layer of a slightly salty fluid over the front of the eyes. This fluid, tears, is produced in lacrimal glands, or tear glands, which are located under the outer part of the upper eyelid and is collected and drained through tiny canals within the upper and lower lids near the nose. The tears eventually flow into the nasal passages and are swallowed. The eyelashes act as a protective screen that keeps particles out of the eye. The eyebrows and protruding edges of the facial bones form a protective wall around the eye. The surface of the eyeball consists of three basic layers; the sclera, the middle layer, and the retina. The sclera is the outer layer of the eyeball. At the front of the eye, the sclera becomes the clear and transparent cornea, through which light enters. The middle layer has three parts;...
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...The eye is a complex optical and a very interesting sense organ. They are at work from the moment you wake up to the moment you close them to go to sleep! Eyes take in tons of information about the world around you; shapes, colors, movements, and more! Throughout reading chapter three, I have learned so much about the eye and how it works! There are three aspects to the perception of light. One of these aspects is brightness, which is determined on how high or low the wave actually is. When the wave is higher, the brighter the light becomes or appears to be. The length of the wave determines the color. The long wavelengths are originated at the red end of the visible spectrum. The shorter ones appear at the blue side. The last aspect to perception is saturation. This refers to the clarity of the color people observe. A less-saturated red may contain a mixture of wavelengths, but a highly saturated red will only include red wavelengths. The eye is like a camera. The external object is seen like the camera takes the picture of any object. Light enters through a small hole called the pupil. It changes size depending on the amount of light there is. Light waves are bent by the cornea and focus the image on the retina, which is like a camera film that consists of photoreceptor cells. Fovea is the central area of the retina, which is the greatest density of photoreceptors. The image formed on the retina is transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve. ...
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...Case #1 Eye Vision Inc. 1. Is Eye Vision’s arrangement with Holland Hospital within the scope of ASC 985-605, Software: Revenue Recognition? Eye Vision’s arrangement with Holland Hospital is not within the scope of ASC 985-605. According to the case, “Eye Vision has never sold, nor does it offer to sell, the Clear View Laser without the embedded software.” In fact, the case makes it readily apparent that the Clear View Laser will not function without its hardware specific software. ASU 2009-14 (Topic 985) states that, “if the software contained on the tangible product is essential to the tangible product’s functionality, the software is excluded from the scope of the software revenue guidance.” In its accounting guidance, the update states further that, “tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver the tangible product’s essential functionality are no longer within the scope of the software revenue guidance in Subtopic 985-605. According to the case documentation, “ the software is necessary to perform the medical procedures for which the laser is intended.” This would imply that Eye Vision’s hardware/software product combination is not within the scope of ASC 985-605. As additional evidence, the amendment offers several illustrations as guidance. One example states that a rebuttable presumption exists if sales of the tangible product (Eye Vision laser) without the software elements are infrequent....
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...Jewel. Distinctly curved or rounded openings in the bers of the iris (like petals of a ower), indicate a feeling-oriented personality. These openings, which look as if the light colored iris bers have round holes within them, are called owers, and we refer to the feeling-type of personality as a \Flower". The \Stream" type in the Rayid Model is called the kinesthetic type. Metaphorically, it is referred to as a stream. The iris of a person with a stream personality has a uniform ber structure that radiates out from the pupil, with only subtle variations or streaks of color. At rst glance, a Stream iris appears to have the fewest features of all the iris structures and can be the most dicult iris pattern to interpret. Eyes that have both dot-like (freckle-like) pigments and rounded openings in the irises, indicate an extremist or...
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...The functional specificy of the eye-contact The eye contact is widely used in communication, because it is the best way of the clarifying emotions among other non-verbal means of communication. In this chapter is covered the functional part of eye contact as a non verbal part of communication.The material of our research serve 773 fragments of English text which contain the description of the communicative situation where eye-contact is used. Eye contact as a mean of expressing emotions The eye contact includes many meanings, with which communicants send a lot of information to each other. In a broad sennse emotion is any human’s relatively brief conscious experience of the impact of internal and external stimuli associated with pleasure or displeasure of the various needs of the body. Modern psychology offers various typologies of emotions. In this study will be used the classification of basic emotions by russian psychologist and researcher K.E. Izard. Emotion is called fundamental when it has its own mechanism of an origin and expression of special means of mime and pantomime. It is believed that these emotions are innate. K.E. Izard distinguishes these fundamental emotions [18, p.27]: - interest-excitement - a positive emotion that motivates learning, development of skills and abilities, activates the learning process, stimulating curiosity - joy - pleasure - a positive emotional arousal that occurs when there is a full satisfaction of some urgent needs - grief...
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...The eye is a complex optical and a very interesting sense organ. They are at work from the moment you wake up to the moment you close them to go to sleep! Eyes take in tons of information about the world around you; shapes, colors, movements, and more! Throughout reading chapter three, I have learned so much about the eye and how it works! There are three aspects to the perception of light. One of these aspects is brightness, which is determined on how high or low the wave actually is. When the wave is higher, the brighter the light becomes or appears to be. The length of the wave determines the color. The long wavelengths are originated at the red end of the visible spectrum. The shorter ones appear at the blue side. The last aspect to perception is saturation. This refers to the clarity of the color people observe. A less-saturated red may contain a mixture of wavelengths, but a highly saturated red will only include red wavelengths. The eye is like a camera. The external object is seen like the camera takes the picture of any object. Light enters through a small hole called the pupil. It changes size depending on the amount of light there is. Light waves are bent by the cornea and focus the image on the retina, which is like a camera film that consists of photoreceptor cells. Fovea is the central area of the retina, which is the greatest density of photoreceptors. The image formed on the retina is transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve. When the optic...
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...You should never take your eyes for granted; don't wait until you have a problem to have a vision exam. You should have your eyes checked annually. The eye is very delicate and in order to see well, all parts must be able to function properly. Always try to protect your eyes. Did you know that the bones in your head protect your eyes from injury; even the eyelids close out unwanted light and also dirt. Your tears from nearby tear ducts work hard to keep the eye's surface moist and clean. The eye is filled with a clear jelly in its center called the vitreous humor. Three layers of tissue surround the vitreous humor. There is an outer layer, which has tough tissues and protects the eye; then there is a middle layer with a network of blood vessels that give nourishment to the eye. An inner layer contains cells sensitive to light that enable you to see. The whites of your eyes are the sclera, which is a tough, fibrous tissue. The cornea is the bulge in the front center of the eye that serves as a window to let light into the other layers of the eye. There is a thin layer of tears that gives the cornea smoothness to be crystal clear. The conjunctive is a clear membrane that lines the insides of the eyelid and also covers the front of the eye around the cornea. The pupil is a round opening surrounded by muscles that regulate the amount of light that enters the eye; pupils will enlarge if the light is too dim and if the light is too bright, pupils become small to keep out too much...
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...Homework On Eye Contact I read the article, “Just Look Me in the Eye ” and wondered, how true! This is exactly what the era of technology has done to the nature of personal conversations. The paired activity we had in our last class was quite interesting too. It helped me realize that holding eye contact for more than 20 seconds was very uncomfortable. It made me question a lot of things in my mind such as if my looks are okay or if my smile is perfect or am I too stiff, however the moment our professor rephrased the activity by telling that we had to make the other person feel comfortable, the equation in my mind changed instantly, I became relaxed, tried smiling and making I guess funny faces to make my partner feel comfortable and good. I believe, eye contact helps you establishing a deeper connect with the person you are speaking to. In case of professional relationships it tends to make your conversations more real and add a personalized touch. While in personal relationships, it makes you feel good, accepted and most importantly understood. And in intimate relationships, it helps you create romance and love. As the proverb goes, the eyes are the windows of the soul. When introduced to someone new, it helps you sending information across your acquaintance whether you are really interested to hold a conversation. It is always polite to keep brief eye contact and offer either a nod or a smile. That makes it look like a welcome sign. On the other hand, it can be really...
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...The human eye is an incredibly complex organ, it acts like a camera to collect and focus light and changes this light into an electrical signals that the brain then reads to form images. Instead of using film, the eye has specialized components such as the retina that detects light and process it using many types of neurons. The eye is so complex that its origin has long been a hot topic of debate and is often used to defend a creationist point of view, they say the eye is too complex to have evolved instead it must has been designed. The eye is a system that cannot function in the absence of any of its components. Even Charles Darwin remarked in the origin of species that ‘it might seem absurd to think the eye formed by natural selection’. (Fernald. R.) He did however firmly believe that the eye did evolve in this way, despite the only the small amount of evidence at that time. This evidence is hard to come by since soft-tissue structures like the eye rarely ever fossilize. However the scientific community has made recent advancements in tracking the origin of the eye by studying the formation of eyes in developing embryos and comparing these different structures and genes across many species to construct when and where key traits arose. The study indicates that ‘the human eye took shape in less than 100 million years, evolving from a simple light senor to sophisticated optical organ.’ (Lamb. T) Humans have an unbroken linage going back for 4 billion years. Almost a billion...
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...Old Sly Eye One of my fondest memories of my grandfather is his favorite story he loved to tell every time he visited. Though he had many fun and exciting stories, this specific story had quickly become my favorite also. It is the story of “Old Sly Eye”. As a younger boy, Grandpa Newman was outside in a large berry patch located in their backyard in Salt Lake City, UT. As he was picking raspberries, gooseberries, and blackberries he saw something slowly stirring towards him over on the row next to him. It was the biggest porcupine he had ever seen. He noticed his eyes blood red and the quills were like small arrows the Indians used. He sat there looking mean and mad. Grandpa didn’t want the porcupine to get old Jazz, his sidekick dog, and fill him full of quills, so he hurried up to the house to get his gun. Unfortunately, his shotgun was out of shells and had to rely on the 22, the only other gun he had. With no other choice, he loaded the 22 and headed back down to the berry patch to find the porcupine. Grandpa silently went up and down the rows, but could not see him. Finally, as he approached the blackberries, there was the porcupine as if he was waiting there for him to come back. Grandpa and the porcupine were only a few feet from one another. He knew his little 22 wasn’t as efficient as his shotgun. His plan was to shoot the porcupine in the eye in hopes to hit his brain. The trigger was pulled. Grandpa had shot the porcupine in the eye but amazingly...
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...anterior chamber 2. What is visual accommodation? • This is adaptation of the eye for near vision. It is accomplished by increasing the curvature of the lens through movement of the ciliary muscles. Although the lens cannot be observed directly, the components of accommodation that can be observed are convergence (motion toward) of the axes of the eyeballs and pupillary constriction. 3. What is the pupillary light reflex? • The pupillary light reflex is the normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina (Fig. 14-8). It is a subcortical reflex arc (i.e., a person has no conscious control over it); the sensory afferent link is cranial nerve II (the optic nerve), and the motor efferent path is cranial III (the oculomotor nerve). 4. What physiological changes are responsible for presbyopia? • On the globe itself, the cornea may show an infiltration of degenerative lipid material around the limbus (see discussion of arcus senilis, p. 307). Pupil size decreases. The lens loses elasticity, becoming hard and glasslike. This glasslike quality decreases the lens's ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision; this condition is termed presbyopia. 5. What is the corneal light reflex? How is it assessed? • Assess the parallel alignment of the eye axes by shining a light toward the person's eyes. Direct the person to stare straight ahead as you hold the light about 30 cm (12 inches) away...
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...1. Is Eye Vision’s arrangement with Holland Hospital within the scope of ASC 985-605, Software: Revenue Recognition? In this case, the main content of the Eye Vision’s arrangement with Holland Hospital include embedded software medical equipment and an initial option to purchase a two-year separately priced maintenance agreement. In this case, because “Eye Vision has never sold, nor does it offer to sell, the Clear View Laser without the embedded software because the software is necessary to perform the medical procedures for which the laser is intended”, and “Eye Vision has never sold, nor does it offer to sell, the Clear View Laser without the embedded software because the software is necessary to perform the medical procedures for which the laser is intended”. So the software components and non software components of tangible product could be consider function together to deliver the tangible product’s essential functionality, so according the FASB codification 985-605-15-4 and 985-605-15-4A, the equipment and the software are excluded from the Software: Revenue Recognition., Accordingly, the initial option to purchase a two-year separately priced maintenance agreement on the Clear View would be non-software deliverables excluded from the scope of Software: Revenue Recognition. References from FASB codification ASC 985-605-15-4 The guidance in this Subtopic does not apply to the following transactions and activities: e. Software components of tangible products...
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...how your eye works or how your eye deteriorates? Imagine not being able to see, or your vision becoming gradually worst, 60% of people suffer from optic eye problems such as farsightedness and colorblindness. There are many reasons for these problems, but there are also cures. To start it off let me tell you about how the eye sees. “First the light enters the eye and bends when it hits the cornea and travels toward the iris. Ciliary muscles around the iris react to light in the room and cause the iris to open or close around the pupil.” “After light travels to the lens, through the pupil.” “After passing through the lens, the light that initially bounced off the screen reaches the light-sensing rod and cone cells...
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...ACCURATE EYE CENTRE LOCALISATION BY MEANS OF GRADIENTS Fabian Timm and Erhardt Barth Institute for Neuro- and Bioinformatics, University of L¨ beck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 L¨ beck, Germany u u Pattern Recognition Company GmbH, Innovations Campus L¨ beck, Maria-Goeppert-Strasse 1, D-23562 L¨ beck, Germany u u {timm, barth}@inb.uni-luebeck.de Keywords: Eye centre localisation, pupil and iris localisation, image gradients, feature extraction, shape analysis. Abstract: The estimation of the eye centres is used in several computer vision applications such as face recognition or eye tracking. Especially for the latter, systems that are remote and rely on available light have become very popular and several methods for accurate eye centre localisation have been proposed. Nevertheless, these methods often fail to accurately estimate the eye centres in difficult scenarios, e.g. low resolution, low contrast, or occlusions. We therefore propose an approach for accurate and robust eye centre localisation by using image gradients. We derive a simple objective function, which only consists of dot products. The maximum of this function corresponds to the location where most gradient vectors intersect and thus to the eye’s centre. Although simple, our method is invariant to changes in scale, pose, contrast and variations in illumination. We extensively evaluate our method on the very challenging BioID database for eye centre and iris localisation. Moreover...
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...1. Is Eye Vision’s arrangement with Holland Hospital within the scope of ASC 985-605, Software: Revenue Recognition? In this case, the main content of the Eye Vision’s arrangement with Holland Hospital include embedded software medical equipment and an initial option to purchase a two-year separately priced maintenance agreement. In this case, because “Eye Vision has never sold, nor does it offer to sell, the Clear View Laser without the embedded software because the software is necessary to perform the medical procedures for which the laser is intended”, and “Eye Vision has never sold, nor does it offer to sell, the Clear View Laser without the embedded software because the software is necessary to perform the medical procedures for which the laser is intended”. So the software components and non software components of tangible product could be consider function together to deliver the tangible product’s essential functionality, so according the FASB codification 985-605-15-4 and 985-605-15-4A, the equipment and the software are excluded from the Software: Revenue Recognition., Accordingly, the initial option to purchase a two-year separately priced maintenance agreement on the Clear View would be non-software deliverables excluded from the scope of Software: Revenue Recognition. References from FASB codification ASC 985-605-15-4 The guidance in this Subtopic does not apply to the following transactions and activities: e. Software components of tangible products...
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