...pension expense. Minimum liability computation. Corridor calculation. Reconciliation schedule. Prior service cost. 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18 3 1, 4 2. 3. 3, 4, 7, 10, 15 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21 4. 16, 20, 21, 22, 23 20, 22 2 3, 9, 11, 13, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 5, 7 14, 15, 17, 6, 7, 8, 9 18, 19 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19 8, 14, 20, 21 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 2, 4, 5 5. 8, 9, 10 6. 7. 8. 19 25 13, 14, 21, 23 7 6 5, 8, 9, 10 3, 4, 5, 6 3, 9, 10, 14, 1, 2, 3, 15, 19 6, 8, 9 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 1, 4 9. 10. Unrecognized net gain or loss. Disclosure issues. 15 25 26 27, 28, 29, 30 7 8, 9, 14, 15, 1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 20, 21 6, 7, 8, 9 9, 12, 13 4, 5, 6 3, 4 *11. Special Issues. *12. Postretirement benefits. 11, 12 22, 23, 24, 25 10 *This material is dealt with in an Appendix to the chapter. 20-1 ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE (BY LEARNING OBJECTIVE) Learning Objectives 1. Distinguish between accounting for the employer’s pension plan and accounting for the pension fund. Identify types of pension plans and their characteristics. Explain alternative measures for valuing the pension obligation. List the components of pension expense. Use a worksheet for employer’s pension plan entries. Describe the amortization of unrecognized prior service costs. Explain the...
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...PwC Similarities and Differences A Comparison of IFRS, US GAAP and Indian GAAP* *connectedthinking November 2007 PricewaterhouseCoopers’ publications and tools PricewaterhouseCoopers has a range of tools and publications to help companies apply IFRS (see also the inside back cover). Illustrat ive Consolidated Fin ancial Statements • Corporate, 2007 • Banking, 2006 • Insurance, 2006 • Investment funds, 2006 • Investment property, 2006 Realistic sets of financial statements – for existing IFRS preparers in the above sectors – illustrating the required disclosure and presentation. Measurement checklist 200 6 Outlines the measurement bases required by all IFRSs published up to September 2006 Adopting IFRS – A step-by-step illu stratio n of t he transitio n t o IFRS Illustrates the steps involved in preparing the first IFRS financial statements. It takes into account the effect on IFRS 1 of the standards issued up to and including March 2004. IFRS for SMEs (proposals) – Pocket Guide 200 7 Provides a summary of the recognition and measurement requirements in the proposed ‘IFRS for Small and MediumSized Entities’ published by the International Accounting Standards Board in February 2007 IAS 39 – Achi eving hedge accounting in practice Covers in detail the practical issues in achieving hedge accounting under IAS 39. It provides answers to frequently asked questions and step-by-step illustrations of how to apply common hedging...
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...LIMITED” By, Ruta Gadhiya (MBA) A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of THE MBA PROGRAM (The Class of 2014-2016) For the Module Financial Accounting and Analysis To, Prof. Meghna Dangi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express my gratitude to Prof. Meghna Dangi, for her expert guidance, encouragement and suggestion throughout the preparation of this work. She has been a pillar of support and inspired me throughout this study, without her this would not have been possible. I am grateful to the teaching faculties of Auro University-The School of Management & Entrepreneurship for their valuable suggestions and instruction regarding my work. I has also received tremendous amount of help from my friend’s insight and outside the institute. Ruta Gadhiya Abstract The report at hand manifests an in-depth analysis of the financial statements of Hindustan Unilever Limited. Hindustan Unilever Limited is a fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) company of India. The company produces services through products such as cosmetics, household accessories, food packets, detergent and soaps and so on. The purpose of this report was to scrutinize the financial statements of the company and to determine the performance of a company. This report comprises of analysis of the financial statements using financial ratios. By interpretation of these ratios HUL’s financial strength or weaknesses as well as opportunities in the market or industry is determined...
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...transaction and the various documents that are used to facilitate the trade’s completion and financing. The next section identifies international trade risks; namely, currency risk and noncompletion risk. The following sections describe the key trade documents, including letters of credit, drafts, and bills of lading. The next section summarizes the documentation of a typical trade transaction. This section is followed by a description of government programs to help finance exports, including export credit insurance and specialized banks such as the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Next, we compare the various types of short-term receivables financing and then the use of forfaiting and countertrade for longer term transactions. The mini-case at the end of the chapter, “Crosswell International’s Precious Ultra-Thin Diapers,” illustrates how an export requires the integration of management, marketing, and finance. 21 CHAPTER Eiteman-2 US CHAPTERS 31/7/07 4:01 PM Page 40 ❙ International trade finance / 21 The trade relationship Trade financing shares a number of common characteristics with the traditional value...
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...financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years Affects: Amends APB 21, paragraphs 13 and 18 Deletes APB 21, footnote 1 Amends APB 28, paragraph 30 Amends APB 29, paragraphs 18 and 20(a) Deletes APB 29, paragraph 25 and footnote 5 Amends FAS 13, paragraph 5(c) Amends FAS 15, paragraphs 13 and 28 Deletes FAS 15, footnotes 2, 5a, and 6 Amends FAS 19, paragraph 47(l)(i) Amends FAS 35, paragraph 11 and footnote 5 Deletes FAS 35, footnote 4a Amends FAS 60, paragraph 19 Deletes FAS 60, footnote 4a Amends FAS 63, paragraphs 4, 8, and 38 through 40 Amends FAS 65, paragraphs 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, and 29 Amends FAS 67, paragraphs 8 and 28 Deletes FAS 67, footnote 6 Amends FAS 87, paragraphs 49 and 264 and footnote 12 Deletes FAS 87, footnote 11a Amends FAS 106, paragraphs 65 and 518 and footnote 21 Deletes FAS 106, footnote 20a Deletes FAS 107, paragraphs 5, 6, 11, and 18 through 29 Amends FAS 107, paragraphs 9, 10, 30, and 31 Amends FAS 115, paragraphs 3(a) and 137 Replaces FAS 115, footnote 2 Amends FAS 116, paragraphs 19, 20, 184, 186, and 208 Deletes FAS 116, footnote 8 Amends FAS 124, paragraphs 3(a) and 112...
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...P R E FAC E THE ACCOUNTING ENVIRONMENT Accounting is the most employable, sought-after major for 2009, according to entrylevel job site CollegeGrad.com. One reason for this interest is found in the statement by former Secretary of the Treasury and Economic Advisor to the President, Lawrence Summers. He noted that the single-most important innovation shaping our capital markets was the idea of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We agree with Mr. Summers. Relevant and reliable financial information is a necessity for viable capital markets. Without it, our markets would be chaotic, and our standard of living would decrease. This textbook is the market leader in providing the tools needed to understand what GAAP is and how it is applied in practice. Mastery of this material will be invaluable to you in whatever field you select. Through many editions, this textbook has continued to reflect the constant changes taking place in the GAAP environment. This edition continues this tradition, which has become even more significant as the financial reporting environment is exploding with major change. Here are three areas of major importance that are now incorporated extensively into this edition of the text. A New Way of Looking at Generally Accepted Principles (GAAP) Learning GAAP used to be a daunting task, as it is comprised of many standards that vary in form, completeness, and structure. Fortunately, the profession has recently developed the Financial Accounting...
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...PREFACE During the last two decades, there has been a turmoil in the field of international money market resulting in various changes in the international subject of foreign exchange in a rather difficult one for it is highly technical and strictly governed by regulation which changes frequently. After a successful completion of internship program on Dhaka Bank, Khatungonj Branch over the topic of “Foreign Exchange Dealings”, I have attempted to produce a report over the mentioned topic. FOCUS OF THE REPORT This report highlights the theoretical as well as practical background of foreign exchange. As the DBL Ktg Branch deals with Import Business as well Export Business, this report will focus on import & export business mechanisms of foreign exchange. Initially this report will make a brief highlight on the overall Dhaka Bank Limited (DBL) & its Khatungonj (Ktg) Branch. Then it will discuss the basics of foreign exchange, means and methods for settlement of International trade, Import procedures, Details of documenting credit, exchange rate determination and financial statistics on foreign exchange business. In the end, the report will enclose an appendix, which will show the various financial results’ summary of the DBL Ktg Branch. I hope the report will achieve its ultimate objective. SAIDUL ALAM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have the pleasure to express my gratitude to the Almighty Allah (SWT) for giving me opportunity to complete my BBA course, internship Program...
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...ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 22, No. 4 November 2007 pp. 685–708 China Eastern Airlines: People’s Republic of China Accounting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards, or U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles? John L. Haverty ABSTRACT: China Eastern Airlines, headquartered in the People’s Republic of China, has been listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 1997. In its 2005 annual report, China Eastern Airlines presents two sets of financial statements: one prepared under People’s Republic of China accounting regulations, and a second set prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards. In addition, as a listed company on the New York Stock Exchange, China Eastern Airlines files Form 20-F with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. This filing includes a limited reconciliation of net income and net assets from International Financial Reporting Standards to United States’ generally accepted accounting principles. Your job is to examine these financial statements, explore any differences noted between each of the financial statements and U.S. GAAP, and highlight some issues to be included in a financial analysis of China Eastern Airlines for possible inclusion in an investment portfolio. W INTRODUCTION alt Gregory is a junior portfolio analyst at Chartgood, a portfolio manager for several major mutual funds. Susan Bedell, the portfolio manager, just informed Walt that one of the funds she managed, the Global...
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...address: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: Internet: HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs Geneva 2009 ii ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES 2009 F-04.03 HOW INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE (ITC) How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs Geneva: ITC, 2009. x, 135 p. Guide dealing with the processes involved in obtaining finance for exporting SMEs – explains the credit process of financial institutions from pre-application to loan repayment; examines the SME sector and barriers to finance, as well as the risks in lending to the SME sector as perceived by financial institutions; addresses SMEs’ internal assessment of financial needs, determining the right financing instruments, and finding the appropriate lenders and service providers; discusses how to approach and negotiate with banks; tackles cash flow and risk management issues; includes examples of real-life business plans and loan requests; includes bibliography (p. 134). Descriptors: Trade Financing, Export Financing, Export Credit, Risk Management, SMEs, Manuals. English ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of...
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...HBSP Product Number TCG239 THE CRIMSON PRESS CURRICULUM CENTER THE CRIMSON GROUP, INC. Boulder Public Schools Edward Caton, a teacher in a midsize elementary school in Boulder, Colorado, hoped someday to rise through the administrative ranks to serve as a principal of his own school, but he felt that to do so, he should understand more about the position to which he aspired. This was especially important to him in terms of the control he might have over the budget, which he knew was central to real power in many organizations. In an effort to learn more about the operations of the Boulder Public Schools, he set up some informational interviews with the principals of an elementary school, a middle school, and a high school. Before making those rounds, he visited the headquarters of the Boulder School Committee to obtain background information for his interviews. BACKGROUND Mr. Caton learned that the Department of Implementation (DI) was central to the school system. It’s manager reported directly to the Superintendent of Schools. The DI was responsible for making school enrollment projections each December for the coming fiscal year (which ran from July to June). These projections were important since annual staffing needs for each school were determined by a rather complex formula that used the DI's projections as the starting point. Moreover, since personnel formed the bulk of the budget, these projections effectively determined a school's budget. Each school...
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...Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski, Carole Lager, Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin Enron and World Finance Also by Observatoire de la Finance From Bretton Woods to Basel Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 21, Spring 2005 Ethics of Taxation and Banking Secrecy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 12, Autumn 2002 Will the Euro Shape Europe? Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 9, Winter 2001–2 Dommen, E. (ed.) Debt Beyond Contract Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 2, 2001 Bonvin, J.-M. Debt and the Jubilee: Pacing the Economy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 1, 1999 Dembinski, P. H. (leading contributor) Economic and Financial Globalization: What the Numbers Say United Nations, Geneva, 2003 Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski Carole Lager Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin in association with the Observatoire de la Finance Selection, editorial matter and Chapters 1, 2 and 16 © Observatoire de la Finance Remaining chapters © contributors 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence ...
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...Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski, Carole Lager, Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin Enron and World Finance Also by Observatoire de la Finance From Bretton Woods to Basel Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 21, Spring 2005 Ethics of Taxation and Banking Secrecy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 12, Autumn 2002 Will the Euro Shape Europe? Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 9, Winter 2001–2 Dommen, E. (ed.) Debt Beyond Contract Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 2, 2001 Bonvin, J.-M. Debt and the Jubilee: Pacing the Economy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 1, 1999 Dembinski, P. H. (leading contributor) Economic and Financial Globalization: What the Numbers Say United Nations, Geneva, 2003 Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski Carole Lager Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin in association with the Observatoire de la Finance Selection, editorial matter and Chapters 1, 2 and 16 © Observatoire de la Finance Remaining chapters © contributors 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying...
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...Corporate Financial Accounting and Reporting Tim Sutton second edition Corporate Financial Accounting and Reporting We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in business and finance, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Financial Times Prentice Hall, we craft high quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Corporate Financial Accounting and Reporting Second Edition Tim Sutton Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2000 Second edition published 2004 © Financial Times Management 2000 © Pearson Education Limited 2004 The right of Timothy G. Sutton to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United...
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...NonProfit Organizations 437 15. Financial Statement Analysis 475 Page 2 3 77 CMA Ontario – September 2009 Financial Accounting – Module 1 1. Financial Statements and the Conceptual Framework The purpose of this section is to provide a high level review of the accounting cycle, the preparation of financial statements and the conceptual framework. If you are reading this before the course has started, we recommend that you spend as much time as you can working in the Financial Accounting Primer that you received with the course materials. In fact, we would recommend that you only spend time working with the primer until the day the course starts. Chapter 1 of the FA Primer should be read as a preamble to this chapter. The Accounting Cycle The accounting cycle describes the process whereby individual transactions get compiled to eventually becoming financial statements. The cycle is as follows: 1. Transaction: the company enters into a transaction, for example a sale on credit is made. 2. Transaction analysis: the accountant analyzes the transaction in terms of which account has been impacted upon 3. Journalization: the transaction gets recorded in a source journal. For example, the credit sale would likely get recorded in a sales journal. Other journals are: purchases journal, cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal,...
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...REPORT OF INVESTIGATION BY THE SPECIAL INVESTIGATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WORLDCOM, INC. Dennis R. Beresford Nicholas deB. Katzenbach C.B. Rogers, Jr. Counsel Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering Accounting Advisors PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP March 31, 2003 I. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 1 A. The Nature of the Accounting Fraud....................................................................... 9 1. 2. B. C. D. E. Reduction of Reported Line Costs .............................................................. 9 Exaggeration of Reported Revenues ......................................................... 13 WorldCom’s Culture ............................................................................................. 18 Compromising Financial Arrangements ............................................................... 24 Why WorldCom’s Auditors Did Not Discover the Fraud..................................... 25 WorldCom’s Governance...................................................................................... 29 1. 2. 3. 4. Board’s Lack of Awareness of Accounting Fraud .................................... 29 Adequacy of Board’s Oversight of Company ........................................... 30 Stock Sales ................................................................................................ 33 Lease of Airplane to Chairman of Compensation Committee ......
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