...REVIEW OF LITERATURE OF FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Previous Research on fast food Industry has shown us a light in this project: The Research done by UCLA Anderson assistant professor Raphael Thomadsen. He presented the result in the paper entitled, ³Seeking an Aggressive Competitor: How Product Line Expansion Can Increase All Firms¶ Profits.´ According to him, if a McDonald¶s and a Burger King compete in the center of a small town, and a Burger King opens in the suburbs, it can boost profits for the McDonald¶s store. In previous research, Thomadsen demonstrated that prices at fast food outlets located near other outlets belonging to the same chain often charge high prices to avoid cannibalizing sales between the two outlets. These price differences can be large, with prices at many restaurants 20 percent or more higher than they would be if the restaurant owners did not worry about cannibalization. Now he finds that a firm may also charge higher prices when faced with a new competitor or product. He said that product-line expansion would affect profits .He said that when a firm adds products to its line, the profits of the incumbent firms in the market must go down. He used a standard economic model in this study. ³Consumers have different utility preferences,´ He explains that some people like one type of food while other people like a different type. There are also variations in location. So model consumers based on preferences, location and other factors likely to affect their behavior...
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...propagating their genes, and hence at doing everything else, including finding food and mates. At some point in an animal’s life it may experience starvation, and prolonged starvation can lead to death. By natural selection, the animals that survive are able to pass their genes to the next generation, while the genes from animals that die are eliminated along with their unsuccessful foraging behaviour. Foraging (food seeking) in a patchy environment requires complex decisions, such as where to forage and for how long. To make these decisions animals should acquire information from the environment. The questions we may ask include: Should a predator eat only the most nutritious prey? What other factors should be taken into account in its choice of prey? To optimise a diet Different foods have different values. In order to optimise a diet, a forager must be able to distinguish between different food items and select the most profitable. This holds for all predators, insects, parasitoids, etc… Many studies have shown that foragers prefer the most profitable food, eg: the size of mussels preferred by crabs was calculated by being the most profitable. Mussels that are too small have a very low energy content while very large ones require a lot of effort (time and energy) to open. So, should the forager only eat the most profitable food items? To what extent should it include less profitable food in its diet? This depends on how long it takes to find the most profitable ones...
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...Introduction Food habits and culture are people’s learned behaviors refer to why and how people eat, with whom they eat, and which foods they eat. Therefore, many people will have many different ways in which they use food. Factors like geography, religion, society, and economy are basic aspects that influence our food habits and culture. Once we understand these factors, we can answer the question: why do you choose one cuisine rather than the others? Geographical Factors In old days, ancestors cultivated the crops base on local, natural resources, which affected their eating habits greatly. Climate, precipitation, soil quality, and topography are four geographical factors that influence our food habits deeply. First of all, climate affects the crop’s growing season, which is shorter in hot climate and longer in cold climate. When the growing season is shorter, people will have more crop cycles, which means the quantity of food is possibly larger. People tend to have enough food to satisfy their physical needs, and they may have extra food to satisfy higher needs, such as social needs, belongingness, status, and self-realization. Climate also affects the types of foods in different regions. For example, mango can only be planted in hot regions, and cabbage is preferred in cold regions. People usually find out that food in hot regions can be more various than food in cold regions. (Hughes, 2011). Secondly, precipitation affects the major food production. In dry and hot areas...
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...religions plays influential roles in the selection of foods choices and consumed in certain societies. For example, in the Hindu and Buddhist religions the consumption of both pork and beef is frowned upon. This is because it is considered to not be clean meat. Also, Hindu people are prohibiting the eating of these meats. As a result of this the large majority of 90% Hindus and Buddhists people are refuse to eat any meat and chicken at all and they are totally vegetarian. Islamic and Judaism religion people are not eating pork and beef. However, all other meats consumed in these religions must be halal and kosher respectively. This means that special prayers are performed in order to make the eating of these animals acceptable....
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...Table of Contents Introduction The biological point of view It starts with children Getting parents involved with food choices Parents can lead by example But is it that easy? Let’s think about society as a whole 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 Solving the Problem of Obesity – Not So Simple? Obesity is without a doubt a growing problem in Australia. Reported data shows that in 2001 an estimated 2.4 million Australian adults were obese—16% of men and 17% of women aged 18 years and over. A further 4.9 million Australian adults were estimated to be overweight but not obese—42% of men and 25% of women aged 18 years and over. (AIHW 2003). According to the World Health Organisation (2007) these rates are still rising. It is well known that there is a link between overweight and obesity and physical illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, sleep disorders and stroke. Obesity can also affect people psychologically affecting their self esteem, even their ability to socialise or work. Consequently this is a problem that should be addressed comprehensively as soon as possible. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that a thorough sociological approach to the problem of obesity is needed, rather than one-dimensional answers that do not address all the issues affecting the rise of obesity in Australia and throughout the rest of the world. The Biological Point of View Some interesting points of view were raised in a recent article in Sydney’s Sun Herald (Marriner, 2011). This article...
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...growth and profitability by being involved in production, distribution and marketing coordination and governance at various levels in the food value chain thereby integrating vertically and horizontally. Vertical integration occurs...
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...health and social setting. There are many influences that may affect an individual and their diet; in this essay I will take you through the various amounts of factors that may affect an individual. Factors such as medical disorders, personal preference, lifestyle and cultural factors. MEDICAL DISORDERS There are many underlying health conditions that result in an individual having to alternate their dietary intake. It’s always important that an individual eats healthy, but because of not being able to eat certain foods because of medical disorders eating balanced and even healthy becomes more complicated. An individual can be having a medical disorder that can determine their diet; this could be anything from allergies and intolerance. For example, person that is lactose intolerant will not be able to eat dairy products as this can flair up reactions in which they can prevented. You will sometimes find that a person that is lactose intolerant will be deficient in calcium. They are not receiving enough calcium in order for their bones to keep strong. Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood sugars. One of the primary treatments for diabetes is diet. MayoClinic.com says people with diabetes do not have to eat special food, they just need to eat the same amount of food every day and at the same time. If people eat consistently and regularly, their carbohydrate intake will be the same from day to day and their blood sugars will...
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...First of all I am starting by explaining how McDonald deals with external and internal factors . There are three factors for the success of McDonalds globalization - this is mutual contact between all parts of the franchisees in the world , were we keep a good quality of decision exchange , self-understanding and keeping a good quality of contact among the among the people in the world . The variety of difference between the cultures of the people , is the other factor . last one is ethics , set of principles of correct behavior towards people . This shows us how McDonald uses the factors for successful business in the world . The internal factors of McDonalds activities include political factors , competitors and consumers in their country . The external factors of McDonalds are those in which it has to examine the full criteria: political environment , legal environment , sociocultural environment , demographic situation of country . Competitors: Wendy's , Burger King and Hardees are the main competitors of McDonalds . McDonalds always . competition is very high in this market for managing the competition McDonalds maintain as good product quality and services . Mainly the food...
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...Compute the elasticities for each independent variable. Note: Write down all of your calculations. P= 500, M= 5000, A= 10,000, I = 5,500, C=600 QD= - 5200 – 42(500) + 20(600) + 5.2(5500) + 0.20(10000) + 0.25(5000) = 17,650 Price Elasticity (Ep) = (P/Q) (∆Q/∆P) ∆Q/∆P = -42. Price Elasticity (Ep) = (P/Q) (-42) (500/17650) = -1.19 Ec = 20(600/17560) = 0.68 EA= (P/Q) (0.20) (10000/17650) = 0.11 EI = (P/Q) (5.2) (5500/17650) = 1.62 EM = (P/Q) (0.25) (5000/17650) = 0.07 Determine the implications for each of the computed elasticities for the business in terms of short-term and long-term pricing strategies. Provide a rationale in which you cite your results. Price Elasticity is -1.19, a 1% increase in price reduces quantity by 1.19%. The demand for this product is elastic and higher revenue may discourage consumers. Cross-price elasticity is 0.68, a 1% increase in the price of the competitor’s product will result in an increase in the quantity demand of the product by .68%. This shows inelastic conditions between the product and the price of the competitors therefore the competitors is not an issue because their price will not affect sales Advertisement-elasticity is 0.11, a 1% increase in advertising expenditures increases the quantity of good sold by 11%. Therefore, demand is rather inelastic to advertising. Advertisement is not always a sure thing to increase revenue. It could have an adverse action and to lose customers Income-elasticity is 1.62, with...
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...Factors effecting…. Factors Effecting Brand Preferences: A Comparative Study of McDonald’s and KFC Abstract The study was undertaken with an objective to identify factors affecting brand food products about two major food industries i.e. Mc-Donald’s and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC). Factors included were taste and quality of product, price of product, delivery of product, availability of product, environment of restaurant, staff of behavior and value for money. A pre design questionnaire was used to collect relevant data about these two food industries. The study found that the product of KFC were relatively better as compared to that of Mc-Donald’s in most of the traits studied especially in Taste and quality of food, price of product, staff behavior, delivery of product, and environment of the restaurant. Key words: Brand Preference, McDonalds, KFC Restaurants are becoming an important part in an industry system, providing services to people away from home in the form of foods. In view of this many forms took place and one break through is fast food restaurants. Factors effecting…. Fast food was a breakthrough from traditional catering method and standards fast food has their own benefits which their consumers perceive. Because of which they patronize their selection. Such benefits were rated on different variables shown in figure below. Perception regarding such benefits may be formed by word of mouth communication, exposure to promotion from restaurants...
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...Discuss attitudes to food and eating behaviour (35 marks) One explanation for eating behaviour is through Bandura’s social theory observing modelled from other people. Children may learn their attitudes to eating behaviour through observing parents and the satisfaction they receive and through this vicarious learning, they may come to model the behaviour themselves. Children will identify with their parents and their preferences and the satisfaction they receive and through this vicarious learning, they may come to model the behaviour themselves. Children will identify with their parents closely and research by Brown et al found a consistent correlation between eating habits of parents and their children around snack food intake, motivation to eat and dissatisfaction around their body. Parents also tend to shape children’s eating habits through their own as they control the purchase of foods eaten within the home. If parents purchase food based on their own preferences this will invariably affect children eating habits. Social learning may also occur through the media with book and television highlighting different attitude which people observe and learn from. This may occur through celebrities people may identify with who may highlight particular food diets and the benefits gained such as losing weight for example. People may also learn about healthy eating this way and appropriate foods to eat. Macintyre et al found the media did influence peoples food preferences however this...
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...person consumes more food than what the body uses. It is defined as the body weight above the average for a given age and height. It affects mostly children and adolescents. According to researchers conducted in 2012, experts affirmed that seventeen percent of children in the United States were obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). There are many causes for childhood obesity. However, I am going to talk about the most influential reasons of it, which are: Unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, psychosocial factors and socioeconomic problems. The most affecting cause of childhood obesity is the consummation of unhealthy food such as: fast foods, candies, cookies, snacks, etc. In addition, children are used to eat large meals and drink sugary drinks, which helps the development of obesity. Children are not being educated to eat healthy food like vegetables and fruits. There is a lack of awareness about good nutrition and keeping a balanced diet. Moreover, junk food is sold everywhere, from schools to supermarkets. Another aspect is the social media that persuade people to make bad choices about what they should eat. In fact, publicities mostly show junk food and make it seem like people cannot live without it. They constantly show how fast food makes people happy at a lower price. The persisting promotion and exposure of junk food and beverages affects a person’s decisions to make their right choice of food. Another important factor is the lack of physical...
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...Epidemiology Paper on Childhood Obesity Obesity is a global epidemic affecting millions of the world population. Childhood obesity is especially worrisome as it is linked to higher incidence of health issues in adulthood (Lakshman, Elks, & Ong, 2012). There are many factors to look at when assessing the prevalence of childhood obesity, including culture, socio-economic status, food availability, activity, and genetics. To better understand this problem, it is essential to understand the factors that lead to obesity, how obesity is studied, and what are ways to help reduce the occurrence of obesity. Through epidemiology, this health concern can be better understood and provide the information needed to generate a plan of action to help reduce the risk factors that lead to childhood obesity. Epidemiology is “the study of the occurrence and distribution of health–related states or events and specified populations, including the study of the determinants influencing such states, and the application of this knowledge to control the health problems” (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, pg 255). Through epidemiology the questions of who, what, where, when, how, and why can be investigated to offer information about the dissemination or patterns of health measures. The Epidemiological Triangle allows epidemiologists to understand the relationships between agent, host, and the environment when looking at a specific health concern. When considering childhood obesity, the agent could be viewed...
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...www.thetimes100.co.uk How McCain responds to changes in the external environment Introduction Businesses have a number of objectives. Typical examples include: • winning the biggest share of the total market • increasing sales • satisfying customers • making profit for shareholders. A business’ ability to meet these objectives depends on two main groups of factors: i. the internal strengths of the organisation – for example being able to make the right products in an efficient way ii. being able to identify external influences in the business environment and on its consumers and adapt accordingly. The external environment today is changing fast. This case study shows how McCain needs to identify changes in the external environment. It must then rise to the challenges posed by change. The external environment consists of everything outside the business. The McCain product most people recognise is chips. McCain is the world’s largest producer of chips. McCain buys 12% of the British potato crop. McCain is also one of the world’s largest frozen foods companies. McCain is a privately owned company with a strong market focus. This means that it carries out research to find out what consumers want. It then uses this market information to create products that consumers want to buy. McCain’s business focuses on frozen potato products and frozen light meals. It provides consumers with a wide variety of cut and seasoned potato products through UK retailers, like supermarkets and restaurants...
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...Guide Unit 5: Food and Beverage Operations Management Term – September 2015 Unit Leader – Joseph Nyakairu Copyright St-Patricks College Table of contents Table of contents 2 Aim 3 Unit abstract 3 Learning outcomes 3 Unit content 4 Scheme of work 6 Learning Outcomes and assessment requirements 9 Assignment Brief - General 10 Indicative Marking Scheme Error! Bookmark not defined. Learning Material 14 stponline / Moodle 14 Textbooks 14 Appendix A: Harvard System Referencing 16 Unit 5: Food & Beverage Operations Unit code: L/601/1791 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 Aim This unit will enable learners to gain understanding of the day-to-day activities and procedures involved in food and beverage operations, whilst also developing a range of practical operational skills. Unit abstract This unit introduces learners to the practical aspects of food and beverage production and service. Because of the nature of their job, hospitality managers need to have basic levels of practical skills, enabling them to work effectively within different kitchen and restaurant environments. Managers may need to work in kitchen and restaurant environments to support operational staff in times of need or to establish themselves as credible team players. Learners will develop understanding of a range of food and beverage production...
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