...Efficiency and Effectiveness of Waqf Institutions in Malaysia: Toward Financial Sustainability Maliah Sulaiman Email: maliah@iium.edu.my Department of Accounting, Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Muntaka Alhaji Zakari* Email: alhajizak@gmail.com Department of Accounting, Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *Corresponding author Abstract Efficiency and Effectiveness of Waqf Institutions in Malaysia: Toward Financial Sustainability Financial health is crucial to the continuous existence and operation of any organisation. It is even more essential in the case of waqf. Accordingly, determining the financial strength and vulnerability of waqf institutions is particularly very significant and congruent to waqf’s perpetual existence. Using content and ratio analysis, the 2008 annual reports of state waqf institutions were examined to determine their transparency and performance accountability. Four essential financial health ratios were computed: the equity balance...
Words: 5266 - Pages: 22
...RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UK HOUSING MARKET Question 1: Describe how UK house prices have changed since 1998. To what extent have there been regional differences in the behaviour of UK house prices over this period? ANSWER: Since 1998 house prices have raised by 17% in 2002,15.7% in 2003,11.8% in 2004 compare to the price in the 1980s.in the 1970s and late 1980s the growth in the house prices was coincided with the period of the general inflation, so therefore in 1998-2008 hose prices are rising but at different rate but in negative figures. Within this period the UK house prices behaved fairly similarly within the regions. Within this period there have been a regional difference in the uk house prices over this period, whereas London stands out when other house prices are growing at three times in the national average, examples places where house prices are cheaper like wales and northern Ireland have tend to have higher rates of unemployment than places where house prices are more expensive like London and south east. Also in the regional difference there is possibility for people to migrate from north of England to south east and London.in other words it is aid that the k house prices have really gone down recently. Question 2: How have UK house prices behaved relative to general inflation and incomes? How would you describe the current affordability of UK houses? ANSWER: The affordability of the UK house prices depends on two things which are the income and the...
Words: 2078 - Pages: 9
...Name Professor Course Date Economic analysis of the current residential housing market in Houston INTRODUCTION This paper provides an economic analysis of the current market for single family homes in Houston. Over the past few years, the real estate market has been declining in most states where prices of homes have been falling. In addition, the number of home buyers has been falling in most cities over the past few years, even after recovery of the economy from the 2008/2009 global financial crisis. However, in Houston, Texas, the real estate market has experienced a stable growth for the last 21 months (HAR 2013). According to a report by Houston Association of REALTORS®, home buyers in Houston increased by 15.5% in February 2013 as compared to the same month last year (HAR 2013). In Houston City, single family homes constitute about 76.5% of the total housing population. During the month of February 2013, 4,407 single family homes were sold in Houston. Single-family home average sales price increased by 9.6% to $220,445 from $201,113 in February last year. The median price also increased by 7.9% to $161,700 in February 2013 (HAR, 2103). Median price is the price at which half of the homes were sold. The above information is summarised in the table below. | February 2012 | February 2103 | Change | Single-family home sales | 3,815 | 4,407 | 15.5% | Single-family average sales price | $201,113 | $220,445 | 9.6% | Single-family median sales price | $149,900 | $161,700...
Words: 1983 - Pages: 8
...The United States housing bubble was an economic bubble affecting many parts of the United States housing market in over half of American states. Housing prices peaked in early 2006, started to decline in 2006 and 2007, and reached new lows in 2012. On December 30, 2008, the Case-Shiller home price index reported its largest price drop in its history. The credit crisis resulting from the bursting of the housing bubble is the primary cause of the 2007–2009 recession in the United States. Increased foreclosure rates in 2006–2007 among U.S. homeowners led to a crisis in August 2008 for the subprime, Alt-A, collateralized debt obligation (CDO), mortgage, credit, hedge fund, and foreign bank markets. In October 2007, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury called the bursting housing bubble “the most significant risk to our economy.” Any collapse of the U.S. housing bubble has a direct impact not only on home valuations, but the nation’s mortgage markets, home builders, real estate, home supply retail outlets, Wall Street hedge funds held by large institutional investors, and foreign banks, increasing the risk of a nationwide recession. Concerns about the impact of the collapsing housing and credit markets on the larger U.S. economy caused President George W. Bush and the Chairman of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke to announce a limited bailout of the U.S. housing market for homeowners who were unable to pay their mortgage debts. In 2008 alone, the United States government allocated...
Words: 838 - Pages: 4
...Table of Contents Introduction 2 Changes in the market 3 Economical 5 Political-legal 7 Regulatory pressure 8 Conclusion 8 References 11 Introduction The UK property market has experienced remarkable development in the last 50 years; with a notable shift in the trends investors tend to use, (Halifax, 2010). The housing market in the UK has seen great change when comparing the figures over the last 15 years. According to Beckett (2014), the rise of housing prices have led to the creation of a good investing opportunity both in the residential and in the commercial property market. The housing boom has been in chaos since the market crashed in the 2007, but as many industries continue to struggle, the UK housing industry is to experience a recovery, many experts speculate. This is due to the increase in the need for housing due to the increase in demand of properties, both for commercial and residential use; and the decrease in supply. Even with most individuals in the UK still struggling to recover from the 2007 market crash, market watchers estimate that the base line is bound to increase and revive the industry. The property industry though has been experiencing a constant boom through the years. A survey by De Montfort University in 2005 showed that the development finance was at £23 billion; this was up from £9 billion, 6 years earlier, (Gibertson, 2006). The trend has been in constant growth despite a few setbacks due to the strain in the economic pressures...
Words: 2315 - Pages: 10
...new lives. Some individuals like to take convenience and quality of environment into consideration, and they may prefer some more comfortable places that have a good public transport service or short distance to CBD (Central Business District). According to the study of the relationship between New York vacant land price and location by Atack (1998, pp.151-172), the author concludes that the distance from city hall and land price have an inverse relationship. Thus, if they want to choose a place that may provide many conveniences, they cannot probably afford the house because of the high price of land. Then they may be always likely to regard land price as a sole determinant as land and house have a strong relationship regardless of other factors. Therefore, a concept may be shaped in their minds that the higher land price is, the higher the house price may be. Likewise, from the perspective of the macroeconomics, some governments may take some measures to lower land price in order to lower real estate price. For instance, the Chinese government released a document to change the land regulation in order to contain the increasingly high land prices as the real...
Words: 2916 - Pages: 12
...BA7032 Final Research Proposal – Feedback front sheet Attach this form to your Research Proposal, which should be stapled with a single staple. Do not put it in a plastic sleeve or folder. TO BE COMPLETED BY THE STUDENT | Student ID:K1359443 | Student’s name:Romil Tulshan | Degree:MSc in Accounting and Finance | Supervisor’s name:Dr Jia Miao | Working title of proposed study:Qualitative and Quantitative investigation of property prices in Tier 2 and 3 cities of India | TO BE COMPLETED BY THE MARKER(To provide feedback, please tick attributes in any column that apply) | Learning outcome and weighting* | Fail | Pass | Commendation | Distinction | Clarity of research problem and scope(10%) | UnclearUnfocused | Some attempt at clarity and focus of the aims and objectives | Clear and focused aims and objectives and are ‘doable’ within the timeframe | Clear and sharply focused aims and objectives and are ‘doable’ within the timeframeRelated to student’s masters degree | Critical evaluation of the main literature(40%) | Eclectic, disorganised, irrelevant or out of dateNo research questionsNot linked to research questions | Some attempt to identify relevant literature and link with the main theory (ies) of the research topicSome attempt to link to research questions | Critical evaluation of main literature and link with the main theory (ies) of the research topicLinked to clear research questions | Excellent review...
Words: 2872 - Pages: 12
...LITRATURE 8 2.1.MATERIALS MANAGEMENT 8 2.2. OBJECTIVES OF MATERIALS MANAGEMENT 9 2.3. PRICE DETERMINATION 10 2.4. INFLATION 13 2.5. HOUSING THE POOR 13 2.6. Integrated Housing development program 17 2.7. Hawassa city housing development project office 19 2.8. Different type of houses and price of transferring 20 CHAPTER THREE 21 3. DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 21 3.1. Beneficiary (dwellers) characteristics (sample population) 21 3.2.1. TYPE OF HOUSES ASSIGNED FOR BENEFICIARY IN THE SAMPLE…. 25 3.2.2. DWELLERS WILLINGNESS TO BUY HOUSES 26 3.2.3. PRICE OF HOUSES AND THE FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE PRICE OF HOUSES ………………………………………………………………………………...26 3.2.4.CONSTRUCTION MATERRIALS AND THE MARKET PRIC………………..27 3.2.5.GENERAL OPINION OF DWELLERS 28 3.2.6. PRICE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND BENEFICIARY OPINION.29 CHAPTER FOUR 33 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 33 4.1. CONCLUSION 33 4.2 RECOMMENDATION --------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 Bibliography………………………………………………………………. 36 Appendix I …………………………………………………………… 37 Appendix II ………………………………………………………… 38 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Ethiopian urban centers face a number of socio-economic problems. Unemployment, poverty, weak economic base, growing housing problem and slum dwelling with a weak...
Words: 7876 - Pages: 32
...LITERATURE REVIEW 3 HOUSE FINANCE GLOBAL VIEW 3 HOUSING STRATEGY 4 CONDITIONS TO FACILITATE LENDING 8 DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR HOUSING 8 TANZANIA HOUSING FINANCE THEORY 10 CHAPTER THREE 12 FINDINGS 12 Demand for housing finance 12 Current Condition in Tanzania 12 Access to Housing Finance 13 HOUSING POLICY AND HOUSING MARKET 14 ACCESS TO HOUSING FINANCE MAIN CHALLENGES 18 CHAPTER FOUR 21 CONCLUSIONS 21 References; 22 Abstract We examine the extent to which markets enable the provision of housing finance across a wide range of Regions in Tanzania. Housing is a major purchase requiring long-term financing, and the factors that are associated with well functioning housing finance systems are those that enable the provision of long-term finance. Across all countries, controlling for country size, we find that countries with stronger legal rights for borrowers and lenders (through collateral and bankruptcy laws), deeper credit information systems, and a more stable macroeconomic environment have deeper housing finance systems. These same factors also help explain the variation in housing finance across emerging market economies. Across developed countries, which tend to have low macroeconomic volatility and relatively extensive credit information systems, variation in the strength of legal rights helps explain the extent of housing finance. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Because of its apparent social and political importance, housing finance for the poor seems an area ripe for policy...
Words: 7874 - Pages: 32
...just over thirteen minutes per answer. You will benefit from taking time to prepare and compose your answers, using course materials. You may complete this exam on your own time before class, or in class during the final exam time. You may type it or hand-write it. Either way, you will need to turn in a paper copy, by hand, during the final exam class time (Monday, May 9, between 1:00 – 2:50 pm). This exam is open-book and open-computer. 1. Identify current and future issues in sustainability for urban locations. There are a lot of major issues as a nation, that we are trying to combat. Firstly, a major problem, that is only getting is high urbanization rates. It is not just causing problems with carbon emissions, its affecting food and water security. As we expand into an ever growing population. We are now trying to encroach into new areas, for our population. An example is Rio De Janiero, they are ever expanding to...
Words: 1992 - Pages: 8
...is to deeply analyze the Real Estate Industry in India. Our Analysis includes Demand and Supply in the real estate market, Production and Cost analysis, Consumer behavior effect on demand and costs. We have further analyzed the Market structure of Real Estate Industry and the different strategies about by different players. During our Analysis we have taken DLF infrastructure as an illustration to reflect some concepts, facts and figures about Real Estate Industry. * * * Introduction * The Real Estate Sector in India The real estate sector in India is flourishing rapidly with a growth rate of 30 percent each year. About 80 percent of the real estate development in India has been in the field of residential housing. The remaining 20 percent of the real estate includes office, shopping malls, entertainment centers, hotels, multiplexes and hospitals. India’s booming outsourcing business industry and consumption-led growth are contributing significantly to its real estate growth. The outsourcing business houses including call centers, technical consultancy services, and medical transcription units and programming houses constituted around 10 million square feet of real estate growth in India till 2003. In last couple of years the share of commercial sector in the overall real estate growth has been more prominent. Considering the advantages...
Words: 3574 - Pages: 15
...MacroPlan Australia Setting New Standards MacroPlan Australia Setting New Standards Student Accommodation Study October 2006 PREPARED FOR CITY OF WHITEHORSE City of Whitehorse MACROPLAN AUSTRALIA PTY LTD SYDNEY |MELBOURNE Page 1 of 60 MacroPlan Australia Setting New Standards + Contact Information PROJECT DIRECTOR Con Tsotsoros (Director, Spatial Planning) MELBOURNE SYDNEY Fairfax House Level 5, 19-31 Pitt Street, Sydney, NSW. 2000 t. 02 9252 1199 f. 02 9241 6002 REPORT CONTACT Jason Black (Associate Director, Spatial Planning) MELBOURNE MELBOURNE Level 4, 107-109 Flinders Lane, Melbourne, Vic. 3000 t. 03 9663 6826 f. 03 9663 2896 e. info@macroplan.com.au w. www.macroplan.com.au Signed+ …………………………………….……. Dated: 26 October 2006 + This document has been reviewed by the Director of the Spatial Planning Group, MacroPlan Australia. This document is for discussion purposes only unless signed and dated by the person(s) identified. Disclaimer © MacroPlan Australia Pty Ltd All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of MacroPlan Australia Pty Ltd. Intellectual Property Rights All Rights Reserved. All methods, processes, commercial proposals and other contents described in this document are the confidential intellectual property of MacroPlan Australia Pty Ltd and may not be used or...
Words: 31920 - Pages: 128
...show “The Jeffersons”, people who moved to the Eastside of Detroit, particular zip code 48205 believed they were “moving on up”. Zip code 48205, also known as the Osborn Community is located on the northeast edge of Detroit, bounded by East Eight Mile Road, McNichols Road (Six Mile), Gratiot Avenue and Van Dyke. From 1960 - 1980 the area was occupied by people of all diverse cultures, backgrounds and nationalities, including African Americans, Whites, Hmongs, Italians and Sicilians. Within the Osborn community there is an area named “Mohican-Region” which was once locally called “Little Italy” due to the heavy population of Italians and Sicilians that populated the area. Eventually residence of Little Italy got winded of the drug traffic affecting the blocks near them and quickly move away selling their homes to middle income blacks by 1990 almost all of Detroit Little Italy area was gone! Osborn’s commercial district designated for shopping was located at the Gratiot and 7 Mile corridor. Once a thriving area occupied by department stores such as Federal’s, Montgomery Wards and Fretter Appliances or Kroger’s which is a chain grocery store was no longer. Driving through the community one can’t help but to notice the hope and hopelessness, abundant amount of poverty, blight and renewed vision battling for a spot in Osborn. (Lewis, 2013) Demographics The Osborn community is about 4 square miles consisting of 27,166 people including 9,116 youth between the ages of zero - eighteen...
Words: 1503 - Pages: 7
...Running Head: Applying Concepts of epidemiology and Nursing Research Applying Concepts of epidemiology and Nursing Research to Influenza Grand Canyon University NRS-427V Concepts in Community and Public Health This topic of this paper will be about Influenza, it is a highly contagious illness in the respiratory tract that is caused by a virus that currently occurs throughout the world and it usually peaks in December through March. The ‘Flu’ is usually spread by infected people, coughing and sneezing without covering their mouth and nose. It is spread by common, frequent contact, touching another person, for example, just shaking someone’s hand can also transmit the virus. The contagious period for the virus is thought to be twenty four hours before manifestations of symptoms appear and up to seven days thereafter. This information indicates that a person, potentially, could be contagious before they even know that they are sick. (Medical News Today, 2014) Symptoms of the Flu are numerous, fevers, cold sweats, shakes, cough, rhinorrhea, aching body, joint pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms can last roughly for a week, while the effect of exhaustion can last for several weeks until the person can make a full recovery. Those considered high risk for contracting the flu, are those that are immunosuppressed by a chronic disease, medications or treatments, the elderly, infants, the very young, pregnant women, health care professionals and people who...
Words: 1250 - Pages: 5
... critical to the economic health of the nation as its impact is felt throughout the economic system. Real estate and housing is the single largest asset class and wealth holding of individuals and households globally. The development of the housing sector has been an integral part...
Words: 56294 - Pages: 226
