...ENG/102- Research Writing 3-30-2014 Sarah Ghoshal The Reality of AIDS The reality of the AIDS virus comes with bias opinions, fallacies and stereotypes of all kinds. To understand and know the truth about this virus, is to acknowledge facts and become educated. The speech "A Whisper of AIDS" by Mary Fisher addressed arguments and presented the growing concern of ignoring the severity of the disease. The speech by Mary Fisher addressed bias opinions and fallacies. As stated by Mary Fisher, "Because I was not gay, I was not at risk. Because I did not inject drugs, I was not at risk." (American Rhetoric, 2001). These fallacies and biased opinions were based on what people heard or believed, not what they knew. Mary Fisher also addressed the argument of AIDS to be recognized as a virus and not a political creature (American Rhetoric, 2001). Fisher's counter argument said, "Worldwide, forty million, sixty million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years." (American Rhetoric, 2001). Her statements showed how ignorant society had been. People believing that they could not get infected, if they were not a drug user or not gay. The effects of her speech were global. As her speech was being broadcasted over numerous networks, 27 million people listened (Shaw, 2012). As stated by Normal Mailer, who was a guy covering the convention, "When Mary Fisher spoke like an angel that night, the floor was in tears, and conceivably the nation as well" (Shaw...
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...Associate Level Material Assumptions and Fallacies Write a 150- to 200-word response to each of the following sets of questions: • What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? • What are fallacies? How are fallacies used in written, oral, and visual arguments? What might you do to avoid fallacies in your thinking? Cite and reference any sourced material consistent with Associate Level Writing Style Handbook guidelines. 1. According to The Random House Dictionary, assumptions is the act of taking for granted or supposing, act of taking to or upon oneself, act of taking possession, arrogance or presumption. In the reading from this week assumption is to take for granted, to expect things will be a certain way because they have been in the past or you want them that way. Assumptions effect critical thinking because if you take something for granted you may not think objectively about something. When I hear the word assume, It reminds me of a saying (to assume makes an *** out of you and me!) this saying helps me keep things in perspective and will assist in the critical thinking process. One way to avoid assumptions is to ask questions (play devils advocate) of the situation or material that you are working on. By getting a different perspective from someone else and compare your way of thinking to theirs to see if there are any flaws. By looking...
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...Stephen Mailloux’s (1995, ed) discussion of “Sophistry and Rhetorical pragmatism” (pp1-30) and West and Turner’s (2010, pp.312-327) discussion of “Rhetoric”. This essay is a review of Stephen Mailloux’s discussion of Sophistry and Rhetorical pragmatism (Mailloux, 1995) and West and Turner’s discussion of Rhetoric (West & Turner, 2010). The writings in question discuss the origins and evolution of Rhetoric, with Mailloux introduce a historical and philosophical criticism of “sophistic Rhetoric as applied in the modern American context” (for example, neopragmatism and poststructuralism), and evaluated in the rest of the book, whilst West and Turner enlighten the reader about the heurism and globalism of Aristotle’s Rhetorical theory with a focus on the discipline of public speaking. Mailloux introduces sophistic Rhetoric as founded on the pragmatic doctrine that “Man is the measure of all things: of things which are, that they are, and of things which are not, that they are not”, a phrase attributed to the Sophist Protagoras (Patrick, 2006). Others Sophists of note include Gorgias, Prodicus, Hippias and Thrasymachus – quoted in Plato’s Republic as saying “… ‘Just’ or ‘right’ means nothing but what is to the interest of the stronger party” (Plato & Lane, 2007)). West and Turner’s account of the Rhetoric show that the first teachers of Rhetoric were the "Sophists”, who were nomadic teachers of public speaking that were respected for their intellect and subsequently paid highly for their...
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...way to describe the three video clips presented are hilariously informative two of which explained history by drunk people and one as a news informative special taking a sarcastic comedic tone. In all three video clips presented we saw at least one form of rhetoric in each. Logos, Pathos, and Ethos. All are strategies used to persuade an audience by a specific method. Logos a logic way of persuasion that can also be a logical fallacies meaning “reasoning that can be used incorrectly” (659). Pathos the emotional persuasion, and Ethos “the persuasion through the audience’s perception of the speaker” (661-664). In the first video clip of Drunken History: Claudette Colvin and Rosa Parks, there is a use of pathos strategy. By using a non-threating “tired Rosa Parks” they drew sympathy from the people to persuade them for a boycott which in turn could ultimately change the law (2:30-2:36). Sympathy like stated in Reading the world: Ideas that matter is “when we see victims of injustice, economic hardship, crime, war, or disaster, we sympathize and want to help” (662). Therefore, by it being an un-theatrical Rosa Parks and not Claudette Colvin, some outspoken...
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...inequality actually helps people acquire the “American Dream”. Income inequality acts as a motivation for the less fortunate, or even a wake up call. So this gap is what help humans gain this area of success in life known as “The American Dream”. The “American Dream” is more than just making money or having a job, it is the actual success one possesses by much hard work, time, and effort that one puts and it it very much still effective today. The “American Dream” is not from rags to riches, but living in stability, income inequality does not make this dream dead but actually aids one at receiving the dream, and it is solely on what one as an individual defines as being “successful” and King adequately succors rhetorical strategies and logical fallacies to defend these three main factors to produce a stronger argument. While some view the “American Dream” as from rags to riches, that is not the case. Yes, going from poor to rich would in fact make one “successful” but that is not what the dream is all about. The dream is about being comfortable with oneself, and financially stable. In study done from 2005 to 2010 calculated that less people bought homes, but instead started renting them to save money. The study had a decrease from 69% of people buying homes to nearly 66.5% by 2010 (King 611). In a 5 year window Americans decreased by almost 3 percent in buying homes equaling around 1.1 million more renting homes rather than buying. This is a substantial increase, showing that...
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...country on a skilled trade. The immigration status does not reflect on the ability of the worker. The second topic is regarding illegal aliens getting paid illegally, thus not paying taxes. The article claimed that workplaces are hiring illegal aliens and paying them off the books (Louise, 2011). First of all it’s illegal to hire undocumented workers; second the fallacies of being illegal are recognized because workers must have documentation to work in the United States. The author presented a controversial argument. The reliability of the information is found to be a matter opinion by the author. After research, the key points of the article were found not to be reliable. Since reliability is not proven the credibility of the author has been decreased. The author is stating opinion and is not considered credible because her key points lack resources to support her claims. The argument lacks validity because fallacies are read throughout the article. The fallacies are the use of rhetoric devices to persuade the audience. Using negative terms throughout the article demonstrates the use of rhetoric devices. Logical fallacies were not proven in the argument due to the author’s lack of...
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...During the talk show, he demonstrates logical thoughts by answering questions about teenage boy (Robin Williger) who diagnosed with cancer. when the audience member says that tobacco industries do not care that their product can kill teenagers, Naylor replied that it is in the company’s interest to keep the boy alive, because he is a customer and the company loses business if the boy dies. Naylor uses logical fallacies and also he makes a logical conclusion that if cigarettes were required to have skull and crossbones labels on them, all product that were harmful should be labeled. He mentioned this when he asks about label on airplanes, Vermont cheddar cheese product and automobiles. He argues that consumers already know that smoking is dangerous, and it is up to them to decide whether to use it or not. Naylor explains that eating cheese can raise cholesterol and it will cause heart attack, or driving car also has risk. so there should be a waring label on those products not only on cigarettes. His argument on logical thought was also a successful in terms of wining audience because people do not want to lose what they mostly...
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...Article” written by Athena Louise. The article's main idea is regarding illegal aliens in the workplace along with illegal aliens not paying taxes. The rebuttal will consist on ideas on how the topic is not accurate in its findings. The author of the article will be analyzing to find reliability, credibility, and validity. Fallacies in the article will be discussed as well. The article talks about how illegal aliens are unskilled workers who get paid off the books for laborer. Thus creating a larger community of people receiving benefits from the state without paying taxes (Louise, 2011). First off let’s analyze the first topic of unskilled illegal aliens. The article mentioned that all illegal aliens are unskilled (Louise, 2011). Many illegal aliens receive education and experience from his or her country on a skilled trade. The immigration status does not reflect on the ability of the worker. The second topic is regarding illegal aliens getting paid off the books. The article mentions workplaces hiring illegal aliens and paying off the books (Louise, 2011). First of all it’s illegal to hire undocumented workers; second the fallacies of being illegal is recognized because workers must have documentation of ability to work in the United States before a company can hire (The Houston Chronicle, 2010). After doing my research I found that the third topic to be untrue. On the contrary illegal aliens cannot receive welfare benefits, and legal aliens...
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...On a hot summer day, all anyone wants to do is crank up the AC and enjoy the cool air while sipping on a fresh lemonade. However, that is exactly what Eric Klinenberg states you should not do. In the TIME article, “ViewPoint: Air-Conditioning Will Be the End of Us,” Klinenberg argues that using Air-Conditioning constantly will be doing more harm than good to the environment. Klinenberg provides an ineffective argument in conveying his purpose logically by using fallacies. Throughout the article, Klinenberg lacks support in the ethos portion of his claim, and throughout the entire article Klinenberg fails to address and support his most compelling argument that using the AC at the rate that we do is harming the environment. He sparingly mentions...
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...many types of Logical Fallacies .American Intercontinental University PHIL 201- 1401B-02 Week 3 Individual Assignment Introduction: Logical Fallacy: A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning. In other words, it is a factual error or a failure to logically support the conclusion in an argument. An argument is a group of statements about a specific topic where a stand is taken applying premises needed to support their conclusion. A fallacy is a type of argument where the person uses bad arguments to support their conclusion but in order to be a fallacy it must be believed some of the time (Eemeren & Grootendorst, 1995). The different types of fallacies are mere assertion, circular reasoning, Ad hominem, red herring, pseudo-questions, false cause, sweeping generalizations, slippery slope, and equivocation or changing meanings. Mere Assertion: Arguments by mere assertion simply mean a person uses a strong statement instead of any real fact to argue a point. Just because an argument is stated emphatically does not mean that statement is in fact true. In mere assertion even if there are facts to the contrary or that contradict the argument it will continue o be supported. Arguments by mere assertion are also considered rhetoric. Rhetoric is supporting the argument despite the fact there is no evidence the argument is true. It is a form of persuasion or blind faith in the mere assertion. Circular Reasoning: Circular reasoning is a type of fallacy where the argument goes...
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...CRT 205 Entire Course (UOP) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com CRT 205 Week 2 Ambiguous Claims Quiz I CRT 205 Week 2 Claims and Arguments Quiz CRT 205 Week 2 Defining Terms Quiz I CRT 205 Week 2 Subjectivism and Value Judgments Quiz CRT 205 Week 2 Chapter Review Quiz CRT 205 Week 3 Analyzing Credibility CRT 205 Week 4 More Fallacies Quiz I CRT 205 Week 4 More Fallacies Quiz II CRT 205 Week 4 Psychological Fallacies Quiz I CRT 205 Week 5 Categorizing Fallacies CRT 205 Week 5 Identifying Fallacies Checkpoint CRT 205 Week 6 Argument Quiz I CRT 205 Week 6 Deductive Inductive Logic Quiz CRT 205 Week 6 Evaluating Arguments Quiz CRT 205 Week 6 Unstated Premises Quiz CRT 205 Week 6 Argument Quiz I CRT 205 Week 7 Argument Evaluation CRT 205 Week 7 Argument Validity Checkpoint 1 CRT 205 Week 8 Moral Reasoning Quiz I CRT 205 Week 2 Writing Argumentative Essays Quiz II CRT 205 Week 3 Argument Credibility Checkpoint Part 1 CRT 205 Week 3 Argument Credibility Checkpoint Part II CRT 205 Week 4 Persuasion via Rhetoric Quiz I CRT 205 Week 4 Persuasion via Rhetoric Quiz II ------------------------------------------------------------------- CRT 205 Week 2 Ambiguous Claims Quiz I (UOP) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Exercise: Review Quizzes (Ch. 1, 2, & 3) • Due Date: Day 5 [Individual forum] • Complete the following Review Quizzes at http://www.mhhe.com/criticalthinking8 • Copy and paste your quiz results into a new...
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...Ben Franklin Fallacies Paper One of the most important aspects of effective persuasion is avoiding being caught in the traps of logical fallacies. The word “fallacy” comes from Latin, meaning “deceit,” “trick,” or “fraud.” Although sometimes these types of errors are hard to catch, so learning to recognize logical fallacies can help to be a better writer, listener, student, and voter. Don’t be fooled by the twisted rhetoric of another. Likewise, you need to avoid misleading your own audience when you write persuasively. ("http://ksuweb.kennesaw.edu/ ," ) I would like to address some fallacies presented throughout Benjamin Franklin’s speech at the 1787 Constitution Convention. After a thorough review of the speech and the statements therein, I realized that the eloquence of Benjamin Franklin could frequently be mistaken for fallacy. So, it was a fairly challenging endeavor to distinguish fallacy from eloquent verbiage. To explain, the first fallacy I want to discuss is when Benjamin Franklin speaks on many men thinking they are infallible and “in possession of all truth”. He goes on to say “Steele, a protestant in a Dedication, tells the Pope that the only difference between our Churches in their opinions of the certainty of their doctrines is, the Church of Rome is infallible and the Church of England is never in the wrong.” This reference demonstrates the ethical fallacy Dogmatism because it shuts down discussion by asserting that the speaker's beliefs are the only...
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...article, the author compares the gender pay gap to that of the racial wage gap. S/he advocates the need for mandatory ethnic pay gap reporting just as women in order to understand the significance of diversity in the workplace. Seeing as to how the author specifically demands the need for pay gap reporting, the article would most likely be directed towards business’ who pay little to no attention to their racial wage gap. The author calls these business’ out, seeking change to correct the issue at hand. However, the author makes a few fallacies in an effort to persuade the readers. In particular, Musaddique claims that, “While some private sector firms finally wake up, London’s BAME [Black Asian and Minority Ethnic] public sector workers face the indignity of knowing they were paid up to 37.5 per cent less than their white colleagues last year.” (Musaddique, “We Need to Address…”) This section of the article demonstrates one of the many fallacies the author presents. Musaddique creates generalizations seeing as to how s/he focuses on the situation in only London, while making assumptions that the rest of the world is being paid unequally due to their race. The author also fails to make accurate claims. Throughout the article the author forms statements based on false...
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...Thank You For Arguing, composed by rhetoric advocate Jay Heinrichs, is a popular persuasive work written in 2007 (but revised many times since then) that expounds over the art of persuasion. Jay Heinrichs was a previous journalist and publishing executive before studying and writing about the “lost art of rhetoric”. Heinrichs is also the author of many other great reads and the father of two children, Dorothy Jr. and George. Since his experience as a journalist, Heinrichs has taught persuasion to various companies and Ivy League universities in which he has gained a bit of fame from. Thank You For Arguing should still be kept as an assignment for this class due to Jay Heinrichs use of copious amounts of tools to best get his point across which is best seen in chapters such as chapter fourteen....
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...fit topic vs. claim a rhetorical claim vs. a philosophical claim components of a good claim Lecture 3: Audience Adaptation discursive identity - A state of identity defined by the descriptors used to define an individual social constitution vicious relativism speech event conditioning composite audience scopus - the object of a directed gaze, a 'target stasis theory - is a four-question, pre-writing (invention) process. stasis theory asks writers to investigate and try to determine: The facts (conjecture) The meaning or nature of the issue (definition) The seriousness of the issue (quality) The plan of action (policy). constitutive rhetoric - the capacity of language or symbols to create a collective identity for an audience, especially by means of condensation symbols, literature, and narratives. rhetoric as adaptation discourse community - groups that have goals or purposes, and use communication to achieve these...
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