...Unit 1 McDonald’s is the world’s largest fast food chain that is originated in California, USA. Ray Kroc became a franchisee of the McDonald brothers (Dick and Mac) and began opening new restaurants, buying all the rights to the McDonald's concept in 1961 for $2.7 million. McDonald’s Corporation give the franchise to Golden Arches Restaurant Sdn Bhd to operate McDonald’s restaurants in Malaysia and the first outlet was opened in April 1982 at Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. McDonalds mission is “To be our customers' favourite place and way to eat” and their vision is to be the world's best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. The operations in McDonald’s Malaysia are affected with the government regulation on the regulation of fast food operation. As a certified fast food operator, there are many regulations and procedures that McDonalds should follow. For example is the Halal certification that becomes a concern to Muslim consumers. McDonalds protect its integrity and consumer confidence by ensuring all materials and process are as claimed or must followed. The economic condition and growth of the country also is an important indicator to the demand of products that McDonalds offered. As the food priced slightly above normal foods, not many people will have the income range to consume the products. McDonalds faced government...
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...Investing in a Rebound The 2010 A .T. Kearney FDI Confidence Index® The Global Business Policy Council is a strategic service that assists chief executives in monitoring and capitalizing on macroeconomic, geopolitical, socio-demographic and technological change worldwide. Council membership is limited to a select group of corporate leaders and their companies. The Council’s core program includes periodic meetings in strategically important parts of the world, tailored analytical products, regular member briefings, regional events and other services. Global Business Policy Council A.T. Kearney, Inc. 8100 Boone Boulevard Suite 400 Vienna, Virginia 22182 U.S.A. 1 703 891 5500 telephone www.atkearney.com I n the two years since A.T. Kearney released its last Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index, the global economy has faced unprecedented turmoil—a housing market collapse, a banking system teetering on the edge, rising unemployment and falling sales across almost all industries. In the 2010 FDI Confidence Index®, we examine the future prospects for international investment flows in the context of these tumultuous times. While conditions have improved, senior executives at the world’s largest companies remain wary of investing during the current climate, and few expect a full turnaround before 2011. Amid the economic downturn of the past two years, several emerging markets remain attractive to foreign investors. China, India and Brazil are in...
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...pART 1 NEW ECONOMIC MODEL FOR MALAYSIA NEW ECONOMIC MODEL FOR MALAYSIA pART 1 High Income Rakyat Quality of Life Inclusiveness Sustainability NEAC National Economic Advisory Council Level 5 & 11, Menara Usahawan Persiaran Perdana, Precinct 2 Federal Government Administrative Centre 62652 PUTRAJAYA MALAYSIA NATIONAL ECONOMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL NEAC www.neac.gov.my NEAC NATIONAL ECONOMIC ADVISORY COUNCIL CHAPTRE NEW ECONOMIC MODEL F O R M A L AY S I A 1 Part I: Strategic Policy Directions Copyrights Reserved All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior permission of: Secretary National Economic Advisory Council Level 5 & 11, Menara Usahawan Persiaran Perdana, Precinct 2 Federal Government Administrative Centre 62652 PUTRAJAYA Tel.: 03-8888 6512/ 8888 6513 Fax: 03-8888 4638/ 8888 4177 Email: secretariat.neac@pmo.gov.my www.neac.gov.my Sales copies are obtainable from: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad Jalan Chan Sow Lin 50554 Kuala Lumpur Tel.: 03-9236 6888 Fax: 03-9222 4773 Email: cservice@printnasional.com.my __________________________________ Cover design and layout by Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad Preface This report is the first of two documents by the National Economic Advisory Council (NEAC) on the New Economic Model (NEM). This report presents...
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...Foreign Direct Assessment: Analyzing the Mobility of FDI Models in Emerging Markets Kyle Himmelwright & Damian Zaccaria, Villanova Business School In this article, the authors will explore foreign direct investment in emerging markets. Applying a two prong investment model, they’ll assess three emerging Southeast Asian marketplaces; Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. Additionally, they’ll explore the impact a variety of explicit and implicit factors have on the outcome. The research will indicate which of the three markets has the most potential for investment. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), emerging markets, investment, economic factors, growth, defense Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a prominent and growing role in the global marketplace. FDI is defined as an investment made by a company or entity based in another country. The investment provides the firm with an opportunity to access new markets and marketing channels, cheaper production facilities, access to new technology, products, skills and financing (Goingglobal.com 2015). Accurately assessing marketplace factors is essential when evaluating whether to invest in a foreign market, especially when it comes to making decisions requiring foresight and conviction. “The world is changing very fast. Big will not beat small anymore. It will be the fast beating the slow.” Rupert Murdoch’s quote concisely illustrates the current state of the global marketplace; it simply isn't as big as...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Malaysia has emerged as a leading Asian economy where modern retail culture has gowned phenomenally, as a resulted attracted lots of foreign and local hypermarket brand in the market. MYDIN has emerged as one of the local dominant player in wholesale supermarket industry of Malaysia having significant market share over other local and foreign competitors. MYDIN has decided to become multinational because of highly saturated Malaysian market where a lot of competitors are operating. MYDIN has decided to invest in the small south Asian economies where consumerism is increasing at a rapid pace. Market selected is Sri Lanka which is a south Asian peninsula with the population of more than 20 million. External environment analysis of Sri Lanka has been conducted to analyze the driving and restricting forces of doing business in Sri lanka. Sri Lankan economy shows positive and favorable political, economical, social and technological trend which serve as opportunity for foreign investors to invest in the host country. Sri Lankan supermarket and retail industry is still immature and have a lot of potential to growth with the increasing trend of consumerism in Sri Lanka. Despite having a lot of competitors there is no large scale hypermarket mall concept in Sri Lanka providing service quality attributes to Sri Lanaka consumers. The statistics by Nelson on FMCG trend in south Asian market shows positive trend and great potential for consumerism in Sri Lanka. Lewin’s...
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...DEVELOPMENT & GLOBALISATION REVISION NOTES (HUMAN GEOGRAPHY) GLOBALISATION: A HISTORY: * Some believe globalisation began in 19th century when transport and communication expanded rapidly, world trade grew leading to an increase in interdependence between richer and poorer nations, and capital flows expanded as European companies started operation in other parts of the world * In late 20th century, globalisation was shaped by: emergence of free market ideas, de-regulation of world financial markets, emergence of WTO, GATT, IMF, NICs, opening of large economies of China and India, development of global marketing; global marketers view the world as one market and create products that fit various regional marketplaces. GLOBALISATION: * Increasing interconnection in the world’s economic, cultural and political systems. FORMS OF GLOBALISATION: ECONOMIC: under both the GATT and its successor WTO, world trade has expanded rapidly; TNCs have increased economic interdependence and several generations of NICs have emerged CULTURAL: western culture diffused to all parts of the world through media POLITICAL: influence of nation states diminished in many areas as more and more countries organised themselves into trade blocs; influence of Western democracies on developing countries has also been strong GLOBALISATION CAN BE SEEN IN TERMS OF: URBAN: hierarchy of global cities emerged to act as centres for global economy DEMOGRAPHIC: growth of international migration...
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...Revised and Final Draft January 2015 Not to be quoted Strategy for Export Diversification 2015-2020 Breaking into new markets with new products Dr. Zaidi Sattar Policy Research Institute of Bangladesh Prepared as a Background paper for the Seventh Five Year Plan 1 Table of Contents List of Tables .............................................................................................................................ii List of Figures ...........................................................................................................................ii List of Boxes .............................................................................................................................iii Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. iv I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 II. CHALLENGE OF EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION ....................................................... 1 III. EXPORT PERFORMANCE AND PROGRESS OR LACK IN DIVERSIFICATION .................................................................................................... 3 Exploiting Non-traditional Markets for Exports ............................................................................... 14 IV. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND LESSONS LEARNT ............................... 18 V. CONSTRAINTS TO EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-6902.htm MAJ 23,4 The impact of government and foreign affiliate influence on corporate social reporting The case of Malaysia Azlan Amran School of Management, University Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, and 386 S. Susela Devi Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract Purpose – This paper seeks to investigate the influence of government and foreign affiliates, particularly; multinational companies on corporate social reporting (CSR) development in an economy, where CSR awareness is low coupled with weak pressure group activism. Design/methodology/approach – This is a cross sectional study that focuses on the information contained in the annual reports for year 2002/2003. This research uses content analysis as method to measure the extent CSR. Findings – Based on regression analysis, the study evidences on the impact of government influence. However, the impact of foreign affiliation variables is not evident. Institutionalisation of the government’s aspirations and commitment to CSR is perhaps the most appropriate description for Malaysian CSR practice. Research limitations/implications – There are two main limitations of this study. Firstly, this study examines the annual reports for one year. Secondly, this study is annual reports centric. It does not examine any other stand alone reports that the respondents might...
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...Bangladesh. In this regard I present the most updated data, avoid the uncompleted data and use the best judgment at the time of presenting the data to better knowing the current trend about the Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh. I prepared an overview of “Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh” based on secondary data and information. For this specific purpose I collected data and information from various sources like published materials such as the Bangladesh Economic Review, Different articles of Board of Investment (BOI) and Bangladesh Export Processing Zone (BEPZA), Daily Statement of Affairs of different Internet based publication and other books on Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh and articles related to Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh. I furnished the full contents of the report in eight chapters. I concentrated on arranging and putting the data in such a way that the report progressively anchors to a desired destination of understanding. Introduction Part-1 Investment has acquired considerable emotive force in any country. It is viewed as beneficial on employment creator-as it brings about economic development. It can termed capital flowing from a firm or individual within the country or in one country to a business or businesses in another country involving a share of at least 10%. So the significance of investment in a country is: 1. It increases the economic growth by sustain increase in real, per capita, national product. This brings -National...
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...Bangladesh. In this regard I present the most updated data, avoid the uncompleted data and use the best judgment at the time of presenting the data to better knowing the current trend about the Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh. I prepared an overview of “Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh” based on secondary data and information. For this specific purpose I collected data and information from various sources like published materials such as the Bangladesh Economic Review, Different articles of Board of Investment (BOI) and Bangladesh Export Processing Zone (BEPZA), Daily Statement of Affairs of different Internet based publication and other books on Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh and articles related to Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh. I furnished the full contents of the report in eight chapters. I concentrated on arranging and putting the data in such a way that the report progressively anchors to a desired destination of understanding. Introduction Part-1 Investment has acquired considerable emotive force in any country. It is viewed as beneficial on employment creator-as it brings about economic development. It can termed capital flowing from a firm or individual within the country or in one country to a business or businesses in another country involving a share of at least 10%. So the significance of investment in a country is: 1. It increases the economic growth by sustain increase in real, per capita, national product. This brings -National...
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...national economies into one global market economy. It alters competitiveness conditions with the arrival of new players on the global scene and causes traditional roles to be redefined. GLOBALIZATION AS A GLOBAL TREND What seems to be a novelty is, in fact, a series of changes related primarily to the gradual removal of trade barriers, financial market deregulation, the communication technology revolution, and the impact of a more informed society. The causes of the current globalization wave include: • Technical and scientific progress, especially developments in the telecommunications sector and the communications sector as a whole. • Widespread transport use on an international scale. • A strong increase in demand for goods and services, resulting from a wealthier population and greater life expectancy. THE DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION Globalization is far from being one-dimensional. Economically, the primary effects of globalization are seen in the reduction of protectionist policies, the liberalization of international economic transactions, and the expansion of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Technological advances contribute decisively to productivity improvement, economic growth, and international trade. From a political perspective, one of the consequences of globalization is the loss of the countries’ independence on certain issues in that international decisions are directly filtered through or managed by international organizations. Globalization also affects...
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...RETHINKING THE EAST ASIAN MIRACLE JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ AND SHAHID YUSUF Editors RETHINKING THE EAST ASIA MIRACLE JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ AND SHAHID YUSUF Editors A copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press i Oxford University Press Oxford • New York • Athens • Auckland • Bangkok • Bogotá • Buenos Aires • Calcutta • Cape Town • Chennai • Dar es Salaam • Delhi • Florence • Hong Kong • Istanbul • Karachi • Kuala Lumpur • Madrid • Melbourne • Mexico City • Mumbai • Nairobi • Paris • São Paulo • Singapore • Taipei • Tokyo • Toronto • Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin • Ibadan © 2001 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, USA Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Cover design and interior design by Naylor Design, Washington, D.C. Manufactured in the United States of America First printing June 2001 1 2 3 4 04 03 02 01 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this study are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...FDI in Vietnam Textile and Garment Industry INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the Seminar The trend of internationalization of economic life is getting stronger in the whole world, which requires each country to exploit its advantages and apply to their particular conditions. Internationalization is creating many opportunities and countless challenges to the prosperity of every country. We can confirm that no country can exist without participating in the process of regionalization and globalization. To have rapid development, the country's economy have to take full advantage of the efficiency of the Foreign direct investment, which most countries consider as the most effective way to engage in the global competitive economy and effectively exploit the comparative advantages of the country. Vietnam has also implemented innovative reform of economical management mechanism under the motto "Vietnam wants to be friends with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit". The accomplishments that we achieved on economic development, in general, and Vietnam Textile and Garment Industry, in particular, are highly appreciated with the great contribution of foreign direct investment. Vietnam Textile and Garment became one of 10 key export sectors of the country (ranked second only to crude oil), contribute greatly to the country's industrialization and modernization. Therefore, a comprehensive study of theoretical issues, evaluation of the practical results achieved in order...
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