Free Essay

Feminism

In:

Submitted By tianzhen
Words 359
Pages 2
“……城市是那些对戏剧、音乐或其他艺术有着特殊兴趣的人互相认识和集中的地方,一个城市的整体性表现在能够把有共同兴趣的人汇聚一堂,这是城市最大的可用资源之一,很可能是最大的一个。”

——《美国大城市的死与生》作者简·雅各布斯(Jane Jacobs)

布鲁克林北边Greenpoint至南边Red Hook面水的社区,被称为 "创意新月"(Creative Crescent),
是全世界的独立艺术家最密集的地域。

巧妙用心的城市规划和政府支持也仿佛点石成金,在迅疾的gentrification(中产阶级化)进程中,尽力保持商业与艺术的平衡, 保留传统商铺和社区特色,维持原有社群和人情味(跳蚤市场(Brooklyn Flea),农夫集市(De Kalb Market), 食品合作社(Park Slope Food Coop)) 等,同时吸引新人群。

纽约市长迈克尔•布隆伯格(Michael R. Bloomberg) 在《世界都市的未来》一文中写道:“刚刚毕业的大学生成群结队来到布鲁克林,不只是为了寻找就业机会,更是因为那里有一些世界上最激动人心的事物,比如音乐、艺术、设计、美食、商店、技术和绿色产业。尽管经济学家可能不会这样讲,但成功的真谛就是:要够酷才行。”

布鲁克林大桥东极塔(Easternmost Tower)
自由诗之父, 《草叶集》作者惠特曼(Walt Whitman) 在此写下《横过布鲁克林渡口》(Crossing Brooklyn Ferry),开篇即是:“山峦起伏的布鲁克林,曾是我的,我也生活过……”。

十九世纪中叶
1855年7月4日,美国独立日,自由诗之父惠特曼的代表作-《草叶集》第一版面世,由布鲁克林富尔顿街(Fulton Street) 两位苏格兰移民的印刷所印制。惠特曼经历布鲁克林由乡村变为美国第三大城市的转变,这里是普通人(everyman)的家园,而“一个城市之所以伟大,在于其是否拥有伟大的居民” (A great city is that which has the greatest men and women.)。《草叶集》的基本主题:自我、创造和民主,至今仍是布鲁克林精神的内核。

| |

31 Grace Court, Brooklyn Heights
40年代末,年仅33岁的阿瑟·米勒(Arthur Miller) 在此完成名作《推销员之死》 (Death of a Salesman),为他赢得普利策奖、三座托尼奖、以及纽约剧评人圈内奖。

该剧讲述布鲁克林一位名叫威利·洛曼(Willy Loman)的老推销员生命中最后24小时里发生的故事,是美国戏剧史上首部大量运用“意识流”手法的作品。60多年以来,该剧已经成为“美国梦”的同义词,并曾由北京人艺多次搬上国内舞台。

一九二○年代上半叶,海明威以驻欧记者身份旅居巴黎,《流动的盛宴》这本书,记录的正是作者当日的这段生活。不过这本书的写作却是在将近四十年以后,换句话说,盛宴的“现场”早已消失,作者和读者都只是在记忆中追寻那段过往岁月,而无论是作者或是读者,这些记忆都已在时光的透镜里失焦、变形。所有有关巴黎的记忆都杂糅成一种对于巴黎的共同的历史记忆。在历史上不计其数的关于巴黎的虚构或非虚构作品中,《流动的盛宴》是最著名的作品之一,其扉页上的题献——“假如你有幸年轻时在巴黎生活过,那么你此后一生中不论去到哪里她都与你同在,因为巴黎是一席流动的盛宴”,已经成为巴黎的“文化名片”,被广为传诵。

《流》留给我们的是一席“笙歌散尽游人去,始觉春空”的盛宴,上来一道主菜,叫感伤。

Paul Auster
Q:《布鲁克林荒唐事》开篇,主人公只想“寻找一个清静的地方去死”,后来却重获生机。 在书中提到不少Park Slope的街道、餐馆、咖啡店和人物,是布鲁克林让他重新体验到生之欢悦吗?
A: 这是我的喜剧小说,也是我对911的反应。 当时我对美国的政治现状失望透顶。但我想起比利·怀特曾说过:“当你感到自己开心得仿佛站在世界之巅的时候,你应该写一出悲剧;而当你情绪黑暗低沉的时候,写一部喜剧。” 于是我想,现在我要写喜剧。我觉得人类最终还是心存希望,黑暗之中仍能看到光明。

威士忌一词源自盖尔语,意为“生命之水”。人类最初发现蒸馏术时,以为酒精是从谷物里面提炼出来的精髓,一如人身体中内藏的灵魂。经蒸馏而成的烈酒,在西方因此被称为“灵魂”(Spirits).

INSIDE THE ACTORS STUDIO
While most of the show is a one-on-one interview conducted by Lipton, this is followed by the host submitting a questionnaire to the guest. The questionnaire concept was originated by French television personality Bernard Pivot, after the Proust Questionnaire. The ten questions Lipton asks are:

1. What is your favorite word?
2. What is your least favorite word?
3. What turns you on creatively, spiritually or emotionally?
4. What turns you off creatively, spiritually or emotionally?
5. What sound or noise do you love?
6. What sound or noise do you hate?
7. What is your favorite curse word?
8. What profession other than your own would you like to attempt?
9. What profession would you not like to do?
10. If Heaven exists, what would you like to hear God say when you arrive at the Pearly Gates?

The program usually concludes with a question-and-answer session with the students.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Feminism in Bangladesh: Establishing equal rights between men & women in young generation. SADMAN ANIS Students University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh ABSTRACT This is basically exploratory study and was conducted at University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh & United International University, Dhanmondi,Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period of 10 days started from 1st December, 2012 to 10th December, 2010. The main objective of this study is to describe what the condition of feminism in Bangladesh and what is the thinking of our varsity girl about feminism. Total 21 respondents were selected based on age class of 18-22. Feminism is a belief in the right of women to have political, social, and economic equality with men. It is a discourse that involves various movements, theories, and philosophies which are concerned with the issue of gender difference, advocate equality for women, and campaign for women’s rights and interests. According to some, the history of feminism can be divided into three waves. The first wave was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the second was in the 1960s and 1970s and the third extends from the 1990s to the present. Feminist theory emerged from these feminist movements. It is manifest in a variety of disciplines such as feminist geography, feminist history and feminist literary criticism. Although feminism has emerged in nineteenth in the world, it is yet unknown to women of our country. The concept of feminism in Bangladesh has...

Words: 6113 - Pages: 25

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Feminism refers to political, cultural, and economic movements aimed at establishing greater rights, legal protection for women, and or women's liberation. It includes some of the sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. Nancy Cott defines feminism as the belief in the importance of gender equality, invalidating the idea of gender hierarchy as a socially constructed concept. Feminism has earned itself a bad reputation, but it never undermined gender differences that exist between males and females. A man can never be as good a mother as a female can. Similarly, a woman can never be as good a father as a male can. While accepting these anatomical and physiological differences between the two genders, feminism seeks for both genders to be equally respected. They are both human and as a species, humans cannot progress without either one of them. Maggie Humm and Rebecca Walker divide the history of feminism into three waves. The first wave transpired in the nineteenth and early twentieth century’s, the second occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, and the third extends from the 1990s to the present. In each wave of the movement, though men have taken part in significant responses to feminism, the relationship between men and feminism has been complex. Historically, a number of men have engaged with feminism. Philosopher Jeremy Bentham demanded equal rights for women in the eighteenth century. In 1866, philosopher John Stuart Mill presented a women's...

Words: 1249 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Feminism

...3 TRENDS IN FEMINISM Structure 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Objectives 3.3 Liberal Feminism 3.3.1 Liberal Thought 3.3.2 Classical Liberal Feminism 3.3.3 Second Wave Liberal Feminism 3.3.4 Weakness/Limitations of the Liberal Feminism 3.3.5 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.4 Marxist Feminism 3.4.1 Foundations of Marxist Feminism 3.4.2 Other Key Elements in Marxist Feminism 3.4.3 Limitations of Marxist Feminism 3.4.4 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.5 Psychoanalytic Feminism 3.5.1 The Beginnings of Psychoanalytic Feminism – Countering Freudian Theories 3.5.2 Explanation by other Theorists 3.5.3 Limitations of Psychoanalytic Feminism 3.5.4 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.6 Radical feminism 3.6.1 Definition 3.6.2 The influences that shaped Radical Feminism 3.6.3 What are the variations of Radical Feminism? 3.6.3.1 Radical- Libertarian Feminism 3.6.3.2 Radical-Cultural Feminism 3.6.4 Radical Feminism – Its Structure 3.6.5 The Outcomes of the Movement 3.6.6 Critiques of Radical Feminism 3.6.7 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.7 Postmodern Feminism 3.7.1 Postmodern Thought 3.7.2 Postmodern rethinking of psychological explanation of gender 3.7.3 Postmodern Feminist 3.7.4 Limitations of Postmodern feminism 3.7.5 Contribution to the women’s Movement 3.8 Black Feminism and Womanism 3.8.1 The Beginnings of Black Feminism 3.9 Cyber Feminism 3.9.1 Origin of Cyber Feminism 3.9.2 Definition of the 100 Anti Thesis 3.9.3 Cyber art and its relation to Cyber feminism 3.9.4 Cyber...

Words: 17769 - Pages: 72

Premium Essay

Feminism In Islam And Feminism

...Introduction Islam and feminism are often related together in most of discussion as there are some people blame Islam for not giving freedom to women and some other people used to establish human’s right according to Islam especially for feminist properties. Feminism is defined as both a political view and a theory where the subject of analysis centres on gender and provided a platform for women to claim equality, rights and justice. Feminism in basis concerned on four foremost, which are to clarify the origins and reasons of gender inequality, describe the operation and ingenuity of this situation, portrays effective approaches to either beget full equality between genders or possibly improve the impacts of continuous inequality and envision...

Words: 1436 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Feminism by Madiha Rauf Feminism is a collective struggle towards acceptance of women existence and recognition of their contributions. Its’ basic philosophy is to challenge the social status quo by defining and supporting women rights. Historically the term of feminism is established in western society as a protest against the laws and policies that compelled women to work in a subordinate role in the 18th century. Millett characterizes feminism as a “system of political, economic and social equality between sexes” (Millett, 1970: 74). While it is defined as “politics directed at changing existing power relations between women and men in a society” by Weedon, (1987).Hooks (2000) explains feminism as “a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression”. Feminism is diverse collections of social theories through which many focus on analyzing the social constructions of gender while other focus on gender inequality and promoting women’s rights. By describing major forms of feminism, Tuttle, Lisa (1986) says, radical feminism considers patriarchy as a root cause of women oppressions so believes on radical social changes while liberal feminism asserts the equality of men and women through legal and political reforms. Socialist feminism supports Marx’s ideas &relates the oppression of women to labor exploitation and class structure. While essential and cultural feminism believe that females value because of their special differences & inherent ability to care. Many...

Words: 592 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Feminism

...knee. Furthermore, I was sent home for this incident because “it was suggestive to the boys”… Let that sink in! My school was, slowly but surely, making clear to me was that they would much rather send me home and take away any academic lesson I would have learned from that day because of the small fact that an inch of my knee might be of disturbance to a hormonal high school boy. This is the point in my life when I needed feminism. I always understood the term feminism to be straightforward: anyone who believes in equality between men and women, as well as the perseverance of self-worth regardless of gender, is a feminist. However, my generation of women has a far more straight forward view of feminism than I do. Women who recommend the values of feminism now frown upon identifying themselves as feminist. Why is that? Many misconceptions and misunderstandings become part of the issue when a person has a lack of understanding or comprehension of exactly what the term feminism truly means. It is important to know the difference between equality and feminism. Comprehending the meaning of the two also empowers a women to be grounded and given the capability to know what they stand for. A Huffington post “Poll: Few Identify as Feminists, But Most Believe in Equality of Sexes”, conducted a poll that displayed the percentage of women who would identify themselves as feminist and only that of 23% consider to be feminist while the vast majority believes in equality. The gap that...

Words: 1543 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Feminism

... Psychology of Women Feminism Feminism, as defined by the Webster Dictionary, is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. I think that in today’s society, feminism has a negative association and many people are under the assumption that feminism is a male hating organization. Also, a lot of people think that sexism is not an issue today because they feel that women have gained equality so, feminism has no relevance. There are others who do agree that women should press for equal rights but will not claim the feminist title because of the negative stereotypes portrayed by the media. I can make many speculations of why this is so but I believe that this is mainly because of the ignorance people have towards the movement. People don’t understand the goal of feminism supporters and that is why feminist are falling short of their goal. People don’t take it serious; they even make a joke of it on social media websites such as Twitter. They have been making twitter accounts, calling themselves “meninist” to mock the feminist movement. People fail to realize that feminism can benefit some men as well. Males have a duty to act a certain way because of the roles that stereotypes has forced upon them. By definition, feminism is the advocacy for social, political, and economics rights or men and women. If feminist achieve their goal, it can emancipate...

Words: 583 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Still Enduring: Equity Feminism for the Next Generation Webster defines feminism as both "the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes" and "organized activity on the behalf of women's rights and interests" (Webster 418). Equality of the sexes (in terms of rights) and the furthering of women's rights are seemingly positive aspirations; yet people tend to describe feminism using negative terms, and feminism today has acquired a bad reputation. "Radical" and "extremists" are adjectives commonly applied to feminism as a whole, when, in truth, feminists who adopt extreme positions constitute the minority. Moreover, these "gender feminists," or "militant feminists," as many call them, although they receive the most public attention because of their aggressive tactics and high visibility, alienate people in broadcasting their views. Their goal, to create a "sentimental priesthood" that will achieve collective power and retribution as oppressed "victims" of a white-male supremacy, seems unreasonable (Himmelfarb 20). In contrast, "equity feminists," or "academic feminists," embrace the basic principles of feminism. They celebrate women's achievements, work for the individual rights of all women, and, as Christina Hoff Sommers aptly says, "want for women what they want for everyone, equal protection under the law" (Himmelfarb 20). Though not all feminists agree on how to reach this goal, most argue for a reasonable, realistic, and positive method. By contrasting...

Words: 1949 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Foundation Course 1 Human Rights, Gender & Environment Understanding Patriarchy Suranjita Ray• Subordination of women to men is prevalent in large parts of the world. We come across experiences where women are not only treated as subordinate to men but are also subject to discriminations, humiliations, exploitations, oppressions, control and violence. Women experience discrimination and unequal treatment in terms of basic right to food, health care, education, employment, control over productive resources, decision-making and livelihood not because of their biological differences or sex, which is natural but because of their gender differences which is a social construct. “Sex is considered a fact - one is born with either male or female genitalia. Gender is considered a social construction - it grants meaning to the fact of sex. Conversely, it could be said that only after specific meanings came to be attached to the sexes, did sex differences become pertinent” (Geetha, 2002: 10). Gender based discriminations and exploitations are widespread and the socio-culturally defined characteristics, aptitudes, abilities, desires, personality traits, roles, responsibilities and behavioral patterns of men and women contribute to the inequalities and hierarchies in society. Gender differences are man made and they get legitimised in a patriarchal society. This paper attempts to link the theoretical dimensions of patriarchy with its empirical experiences to engage in the ongoing...

Words: 9801 - Pages: 40

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Liberal feminism seeks no special privileges for women and simply demand that everyone receive equal consideration without discrimination on the basis of sex. Liberal feminists would seek to remove barriers that prevent equal access for women to information technology jobs not only to provide economic equality but to provide access to higher-paying jobs for women. Radical feminism maintains that women’s oppression is the first, most widespread, and deepest oppression. Radical feminism rejects most scientific theories, data, and experiment not only because they exclude women but also because they are not women-centered. Radical feminism suggests that because men, masculinity, and patriarchy have become completely intertwined with technology and computer systems in our society, no truly feminist alternative to technology exists. Postmodern feminist theories imply that no universal research agenda or application of technologies will be appropriate and that various women will have different reactions to technologies depending upon their own class, race, sexuality, country, and other factors. This definition of postmodern feminism parallels the description of the complex and diverse co-evolution of women and computing. In contrast to liberal feminism, postmodernism dissolves the universal subject and the possibility that women speak in a unified voice or that they can be universally addressed. Wajcman's (1991) thoughtful analysis of the social constructivist perspective on gender...

Words: 319 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Feminism: Feminism is a diverse, competing, and often opposing collection of social theories, political movements, and moral philosophies, largely motivated by or concerning the experiences of women, especially in terms of their social, political, and economical inequalities. One institutionally predominant type of feminism focuses on limiting or eradicating gender inequality to promote women's rights, interests, and issues in society. Another opposing type of modern feminism, with deep historical roots, focuses on earning, and establishing equity by and for women, vis-a-vis men, to promote those same rights, interests, and issues, regardless of gender considerations. Thus, as with any ideology, political movement or philosophy, there is no single, universal form of feminism that represents all feminists. The most well-known types of feminism are: liberal feminism, social feminism, radical feminism, and post-modern feminism. Liberal feminism seeks no special privileges for women and simply demand that everyone receive equal consideration without discrimination on the basis of sex. Liberal feminists would seek to remove barriers that prevent equal access for women to information technology jobs not only to provide economic equality but to provide access to higher-paying jobs for women. In contrast to liberal feminism, socialist feminism rejects individualism and positivism. Social feminism believes that technology and the social shaping of technology have often been conceptualized...

Words: 924 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Feminism Feminism implies a group of likeminded individuals who are united by their ideologies and their purpose which is to identify, implement and protect the status of women with regard to their political, social, economic and cultural rights. Members of such groups are persuaded that the womenfolk ought to have same opportunities in employment and education as their male counterparts. The study of the roles of women in society and space women have generally occupied in society is known as feminist theory. This theory has its roots in the Feminist movements. There are various forms of feminism depending on the functions and its attempt to explain the nature of the relationships between the men and women. Such include Liberal Feminism, Radical Feminism, Marxist and Socialist Feminism, Eco-Feminism, Cultural Feminism (Hannam p589). Liberal feminism is a type of feminism that operates or is actively undertaken in any conventional society so as to incorporate women into the structure of that society. It started after the American Revolution and was pioneered by Mary Wollstonecraft and Abigail Adams with its main focus being to campaign for equality for women (Fisanick p757).Radical Feminism is that type of feminism that is attributed with having given rise to many of the other form of feminism. These radicals as they came to be known started this pressure group in the year 1967-1968 after the civil rights and peace movements ended. They didn’t just desire to achieve social change...

Words: 1204 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Kiana Rivera ENG 101/1:00 Shafer FEMINISM IS THE RADICAL NOTION THAT WOMEN ARE PEOPLE Bra-burning and man-hating extremists, feminists are branded as insane, radical women who want to establish a matriarchy. While some feminists are angry and some hate men, not all feminists do. Actually, according to Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner in The F-Word: Feminism in Jeopardy, feminism “simply means the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.” (Feminism, Oppoising Viewpoints, pg 14) We only ever hear of the negative associated with feminism. When anti-feminist people are asked questions, most don’t understand why they believe that feminism is wrong and extreme; they do not understand why it is so vitally important, and why, even in 2013, it is still a relevant issue. Although there's a lot of information about feminism out there, much of it is judgmental, misinformed, or quite simply false. Women should have equal rights as men, and taking a stand to achieve this ideal with feminism is what’s slowly accomplishing this goal. According to the online Merriam-Webster dictionary, feminism is “the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities; organized activity in support of women's rights and interests.”  (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, pg 1) In an article by Rachel Fudge, published in 2005 she brings up a very valid point on the issue of feminism and the many years that is has been around: “Despite 150 years of activism in pursuit of women's...

Words: 3105 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Feminism

...IS FEMINISM HARMFUL OR BENEFICIAL TO AMERICAN SOCIETY? Running head: IS FEMINISM HARMFUL OR BENEFICIAL TO AMERICAN SOCIETY? Is Feminism Harmful or Beneficial to the American Society? Name Institution Is Feminism Harmful Or Beneficial To American Society? Feminism refers to the constant advocacy of woman rights, which seeks to make women equal to men in many areas including social, political, economic and even cultural. The American Society has embraced it by reducing the barriers that women come across in the workplaces or when vying for political posts (Sandberg & Scovell, 2013). Apparently, it seeks to ensure that women also have a say in the country’s dealings, and they have equal rights to education. As a matter of fact, feminism is highly beneficial to the American society because it has enabled women prosper in businesses, schools, and marriages. It is now possible for women to vie for political positions and be heard. Hooks (2000) asserts that when one empowers a woman, the whole society is empowered. Besides, it has improved the quality of lives for most women who now have access to various public forums. Thus, it is possible to find women leaders, doctors, professors, or even mothers who are good in whatever they do. They are also given equal opportunities in their workplace when it comes to a job application and even career advancement. The women in the workplaces earn...

Words: 594 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Feminism

...Abstract Feminism has evolved over the years; it is no longer solely focused on suffrage or other forms of institutionalized sexism. The focus today is the personal experiences women face which are characterized by issues such as reproductive rights, sexuality, and domestic violence. Feminism hopes to do away with generalizations for men and women that were created in earlier generations. The present article sought to identify and explain the characteristics of the three major sociological paradigms, a) the function of women in society, b) the conflict women experience in society, c) the symbolic interaction that each gender have with one another. The studies presented have been known to be the most recent and reliable research performed on feminism. Feminism “The feminist ideal seems simple: it is a movement fighting for gender equality. As neutral as its definition sounds, the movement has unfortunately at points been exploited as the female agenda to take over the world.” (Tasnim Ahmed , 2015) Feminism has evolved over the years but it all started back in the 18th century. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, an author in the 18th century, wrote an essay titled, “A Vindication of the Right of Woman” which entailed arguments for a woman’s right to an education. Wollstonecraft’s essay predates modern feminism, which can be divided into three waves (Carl, 2011, p.200). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the first wave began which revolved mostly around the women’s suffrage...

Words: 1052 - Pages: 5