...When the author of our textbook uses the term “the feminization of poverty”, I think that he is referring to the fact that women represent a disproportionate percentage of the world’s poor. Our text tells us “According to information from the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2009, over 55% of all people living in poverty in the United States were female” (Crapo, 2013). I also believe that we need to look beyond just financial poverty and see that women suffer from lack of choices and opportunities. Women are more vulnerable to living in poverty because of several factors. Single mothers usually have the highest risk for poverty because they do not make enough money to raise their children. The lack of income also means that they have less access to resources that could aid them in raising their income like education and health care. In some parts of the world, cultural and social factors exclude women from having much earning potential outside of the household. Women in poverty contend with many issues that compound their status. For example, poor women are often more vulnerable to different forms of violence, including police brutality, and many women in prison come from poor communities. Poor women are also vulnerable to violence and crime in their neighborhoods. Also, in many parts of the world, poor women come from a particular racial, ethnic or religious group that is discriminated against by the dominant group. In addition, poor women also face the additional burden of governmental...
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...When the author of our textbook uses the term “the feminization of poverty”, I think that he is referring to the fact that women represent a disproportionate percentage of the world’s poor. Our text tells us “According to information from the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2009, over 55% of all people living in poverty in the United States were female” (Crapo, 2013). I also believe that we need to look beyond just financial poverty and see that women suffer from lack of choices and opportunities. Women are more vulnerable to living in poverty because of several factors. Single mothers usually have the highest risk for poverty because they do not make enough money to raise their children. The lack of income also means that they have less access to resources that could aid them in raising their income like education and health care. In some parts of the world, cultural and social factors exclude women from having much earning potential outside of the household. Women in poverty contend with many issues that compound their status. For example, poor women are often more vulnerable to different forms of violence, including police brutality, and many women in prison come from poor communities. Poor women are also vulnerable to violence and crime in their neighborhoods. Also, in many parts of the world, poor women come from a particular racial, ethnic or religious group that is discriminated against by the dominant group. In addition, poor women also face the additional burden of governmental...
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...Feminization of poverty is self-defined, meaning that most of the poor are females. In the article, the women who become mothers was offered “on average $11,000 less than childless women and $13,000 less than fathers” and that “low-income women lost 6 percent in wages per child”. This means that the women who are earning the low-income salary to begin with are now earing less when they become mothers. This does not help the household, to maintain a family, or if the woman is a single-mother to support the child and herself. Also, as women are taking a loss on their salary, men are getting bonuses for becoming fathers. The reason for this is because employers see men wanting to work harder to maintain their family rather than women, who are not focused...
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...Inequality for Women in America Equality has always been an issue in America. Inequality in America has had many different reasons. One reason for inequality is that men have always been superior to women. Women didn’t have the same rights that men did. Women couldn’t have a job or vote. Women finally got the right to vote in 1929. Now even though women have pretty much the same rights as men do, inequality is still greatly noticed. Women still don’t get treated as equals. Women get higher prices in auto shops and hair salons. Because men don’t think of women as equals when in an auto shop, women are taken advantage of and given higher than average prices. In hair salons or barber shops women are given higher prices than men, even for the same haircut, because women will generally pay more to have the look that they want. Women also get the “credit” for poverty. Poverty is usually feminized completely. If a family is at or below the poverty line, the woman in the house is blamed for it. Inequality in America is not gone, it is just under the surface where not many people may see the truth behind it. In America the average price for a woman’s haircut is $44, but the average price for a man’s haircut is $28. (Risen) Some would blame the difference in price on the difference in price on the length of hair. The price for a woman to get a haircut is almost double what a man’s haircut price is all over the nation. The most expensive haircut in the nation for a woman is $73....
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...FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY; Crosswise over lines of age, race, and sexuality, ladies are the poorest in their groups. Furthermore, this is on account of the way our way of life treats issues of class, sexual orientation, brutality, and family downgrades ladies' work and denies them the open doors they have to contend close by men on equivalent balance in the working environment. The "feminization of poverty" portrays the social and financial examples that keep ladies excessively poor around the globe. In spite of the fact that the term particularly addresses just the entire of "ladies," it's additionally worth including that ladies living at the crossing points of persecution – like ladies of shading, trans ladies, and less-taught ladies – feel...
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...In the United States alone, more than 16 million children, approximately 22% of all children, reside in families with salaries below the federal poverty level; $23,550 a year. On average, families require an income of about double that given amount to cover the necessities. According to this, 45% of children belong to a low-income family. Moreover, people of color have an especially high rate of child poverty. Among African American children, 39.1% are poor, 35% are Hispanic children and 12.4% among non-Hispanic white children. Even more so, all poor people aged 18 and older 58% of them are women and 48% of them are men. This results in feminization of poverty, defined as the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor. The feminization of poverty is a consequence of a larger trend: the...
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...Globalization, the Feminization of Labor, and Women’s Resistance: Convergence and Divergence in the Global North and the Global South Globalization is considered to be one of the most important forces of change in contemporary society, ushering in greater integration and interdependency within countries and facilitating the unprecedented expansion of the global economy. However, globalization also creates uneven outcomes and widens the gap between the global North and South. A key-defining feature of globalization is the restructuring of production, made contingent by the increased competition between firms and corporations. The global restructuring process of production has a tremendous impact on labor relations within countries and directly affects women’s work. For one, the restructuring of production to reflect a global division of labor reflect and reinforce economic disparities between the global North and the global South through the changing nature of employment and labor force requirements. Likewise, global restructuring inevitably result in patterns of flexibilization and feminization of labor (Gills, 2002, p. 107). In particular, the tendency towards the feminization of labor in the new global economy has resulted in “the devaluing of jobs, the shift from full time to part time, the shift from jobs with upward mobility to dead end jobs, the increasing informality/casualization of the labor force” (Nagar, et. al., 2002, p. 263). The changes brought about by...
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...Journal of Management and Social Sciences Vol. 9, No. 2, (Fall 2013) 09-22 Women Empowerment Through Microcredit: Step Towards Alleviating Feminization of Poverty Sara Wali Qazi* Sindh Madressatul Islam University (SMIU) Karachi Dr. Manzoor Isran* SZABIST Karachi Dr. Samina Isran* Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Dr. Nadeem A. Syed* SZABIST Karachi ABSTRACT Purpose - The study explores and evaluates the women‟s experiences with microcredit facility for the purpose of women empowerment. While there is a mutual understanding and general consensus on closer nexus between women empowerment and microcredit, women are disempowered for variety of reasons such as lacks of financial resources, being a member of patriarchy society, misinterpreted religious concepts about her role and position in the society, and cultural restraints. However, microcredit, globally promoted as a “miracle cure” for the financially weak, especially women who face so many problems accessing microcredit for variety of reason, which have been discussed in detail in this study. Methodology/Sample - This is qualitative study with inductive approach, and interpretive philosophy which allow the existence of multiple subjective perspectives and construction of knowledge. Women who availed microcredit from microfinance institutions (MFIs) were selected for the research study. The data was congregated through in-depth interviews and stopped at saturation level. Through phenomenological analysis...
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...As a result of the above-average temperatures in the region, up to 99 percent of the green sea turtles born in certain nesting beaches in Australia are now female, Green News reported. According to researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration who sampled the nesting beaches in Australia, 99.1 percent of the juveniles, 99.8 percent of sub-adults, and 86.6 percent of the overall population of the green sea turtles are now female. But because the sand is comparatively cooler on the southern beaches of Australia, the percentage of green sea turtles that have turned female is between 65 and 69 percent of the overall green sea turtles populations. Complete feminization The scientists warned that the complete feminization of the green sea turtles might take place in the near future. By chewing on grass, supporting marine life, and regulating sponge distribution, the green sea turtles play a crucial role in keeping Australia’s ecosystem...
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...ANT101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Locating Scholarly Resources Worksheet Week 2 Assignment: Locating Scholarly Resources Citation 1: Bianchi, S.M. (1999). Feminization and juvenilization of poverty. Trends, relative risks, causes, and consequences. Annual Review of Sociology,25, 307-333. Retrieved from the JSTOR database Thesis: First, are "feminization" and "juvenilization" best assessed by trends in the percentage of the poverty population that is female (or juvenile), by the absolute poverty rates of women and children, or by the relative risks of poverty for different groups (i.e., men versus women, adult versus children)? Second, what factors are implicated in the heightened poverty levels of women and children, and what factors seem to be correlated with changes overtime in their relative risks of poverty? Finally, and perhaps most importantly, what are the effects of poverty, particularly for those who grow up poor? Citation 2: Murphy, F. (2011). Archives of Sorrow. An exploration of Australia's stolen generations and their journey into the past. History and Anthropology, 22 (4). 481-495. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database Thesis: This article examines the role of the archive in the lives of Australia's Stolen Generations (Aboriginal Australians who were removed from their families and institutionalized from 1910 until the mid-19470s), and argues that returning to the archive is both an attempt to confront and negotiate past traumas...
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...Here are notes on the role gender played on making colonial religion modern religion. You can use gender as a basis for how the colonial past led our future in one direction. The part I think would be most helpful to you is in red. Open with, “After Adam and Eve, there was Anne Hutchinson and john Winthrop.” Because as you know she was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony By John for preaching something different. Gender: If you happen to be someone who participates in jewish/Christian services? How many men/women attend? Usually more women. Why? Protestant is the most dominant until 1860 As you move into the early 19 century, Baptist and Methodist Predominant is protestant Women in Colonial Society: -Adam’s rib - women is a “helpmeet” for man. The side, to be content with equality. -Equality function - Were on equal terms in the value and their degree of their participation on the development of the colonies. But only men could have leadership roles. Think of a farm. Women were managers of household economy, feeding the family, cultivating and producing the food. Own economic system of home production. Most women would live out their lives as junior partners in the household economy, but denied the control of the land. Yet colonial women were unlikely to feel useless or alienated from their family by the subsistence economy because they conducted the education and discipline of the children and extended family. If her husband died, she would be the sole person...
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...intensified by contemporary immigrant successes narratives. The participant observation research among homeless African-American families and Latin American families had participated in a small business creation in New York City which happened more than three years ago. When kinship norms are typically American, it is said that certain immigrant family forms are more suited to mutual aid crisis. The African- American family is misused as being dysfunctional. It gives an overview of the demographic of “poverty” and how these demographics have changed since 1979. It also considers trends that have emerged over the last few decades and reconsiders the successes and failures of past public policy. It also identifies the growing feminization of poverty and the growing Latino population as the primary challenges currently facing public makers in addressing the issue of poverty in America. “Poverty” levels among non-Hispanic whites have increased at the same time that the supply of affordable housing has decreased on a national level in the 1980s. This research examines the phenomenon of “poverty” concentration experienced by poor whites in selected US metropolitan areas between 1980 and 1990....
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...Factors which are seen as contributing to the increase in poverty in recent years: 1. Many of the groups most vulnerable have grown larger. As people live longer there are more elderly. As more people divorce there are more lone parent families; and there are more unemployed people. All these groups have many individuals who are dependent on welfare. 2. Poverty is also increasing among those who do not depend on welfare, such as families dependent on a low wage earner. The difference in earnings between those in well paid secure jobs and those in low paid often insecure jobs has widened since 1979. 3. The incomes of the poor have not kept up with the majority. Child Poverty Action Group claim that the income of the poorest tenth of the population fell by 6% in real terms between 1979 and 1988/9, while the average income rose by 30%. 4. Benefits have fallen behind both prices and average earnings. Groups as likely to be poor: 1. The unemployed - official statistics estimate 2.9 million at the end of 1992. 2. Low wage earners (below two thirds of median male earnings) - according to the Low Pay Unit 36% of workforce in 1979, but 41% in 1989. 3. Families - people with children tend to be worse off than childless couples. Real value of child benefit has declined. Family Credit only has a 40% take up rate. According to Family Expenditure 1990 the average income of the poorest 25% of the single population was £155 a week, while for the poorest 25% of lone parents it...
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...as the residential parent when there is a custody dispute in the court of law. 2. What is the patriarchy and how is it related to violence against women? Patriarchy is the pecking order of the family, like the chain of command in the army, it describes who is over whom. Domestic Violence has become more known in America due to the media and high profile killings that were done by the husbands. In part this is due because, one person (man) becomes very controlling over the other (woman), causing isolation from the outside world where the women could get protection, then the abuser continues to take out their frustrations on the helpless, and most times defenseless women and children. 3. What is the feminization of poverty and why is it such a troubling issue? The Feminization of poverty is a trend that more women are the head of their households. This is accompanied by the fact that women make less money than men, so they are poorer that a two-person house hold. To me this is very troubling, because it shows that there is a breakdown of the family unit. This is probably the most central problem that we face as a species today. All problems in my opinion come back to the family, and I bet anthropology will prove it true, that we prosper as we learn from our parents. We prosper as we are supported by our parents. It only makes since that if we are not getting what we need then something gets lost. And as I’ve learned from this class, what are we breeding into the future? Our...
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...and control - all characteristics associated with masculinity. According to the author, most industry and organizations were structured according to F.W. Taylor's The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) which also focused on impartiality, rationality, objectivity and the exclusion of feelings as well as emotions. Therefore, management is believed to be rooted in masculinity and being the job of men instead of women. However, the thought of management being only for men is gradually eliminated. With the development of human, management nowadays is about occupying the hearts and minds of employees in the way to persuading them to follow and controlling them. This leads to the must of understanding emotions and the participating of feminization of management is inevitable as well...
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