...agriculture into new areas, may contribute to deforestation, given current pressures on land use. Although historically sustainable, these practices no longer suffice to meet the needs of the current and future population levels and density. Organic sources of nutrients provide fewer nutrients than most people think, but they are usually excellent for improving other aspects of soil fertility. Inorganic sources contain only plant-available nutrients and therefore have no direct influence on soil structure or the presence of microorganisms. This is why agronomists generally consider it optimal to use both organic and inorganic sources together, a technique called Integrated Plant Nutrition Management. The main nutrients in most inorganic fertilizers — nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium — come from the land and the air. They exist in nature, but their plant available forms are not abundant enough for the level of agriculture needed to feed and...
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... DETAILS | PAGE NO. | 1 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 2 | 2 | INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY | 3 | 4 | CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS AGRICULTURE | 4 | 5 | CVP ANALYSIS | 5 | 6 | CONTRIBUTION INCOME STATEMENT | 8 | 7 | CONTRIBUTION INCOME RATIO | 9 | 8 | BREAKEVEN POINT | 10 | 9 | MARGIN OF SAFETY | 11 | 11 | BIBLIOGRAPHY | 12 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report examines the CVP analysis on ENGRO Fertilizer Company limited which is registered under SECP rule in stock exchange as a public company. For CVP analysis contribution income statement is made. Besides this, total fixed cost, total variable cost, contribution, contribution margin, contribution margin ratio, breakeven point of sales and margin of safety is computed form the data which is gathered from annual report of the company year 2013. Considering the importance of the agriculture sector in Pakistan, contributing up to 24% in GDP growth (Pakistan bureau of statistics), and fertilizer industry becomes an integral part in crop cultivation and ultimately excising the agriculture sector. The Fertilizer industry in Pakistan has not been able to get its due share in long term government policies. The private sector has come up with huge investment and its present infrastructure not only ensures sufficient cheap and good quality Fertilizer for domestic use but has the potential to earn foreign exchange. I made its contribution income statement and computed its net...
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...A SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT (SIP) REPORT ON RATIO ANALYSIS UNDERTAKEN AT KRISHAK BHARATI CO-OPERATIVE LIMITED Submitted By: SINDHUJA YADAV (117040592015) Guided By: PROF. SNEHLATA PATNAIK (Assistant Professor) MBA PROGRAMME (YEAR 2011-2013) A SIP REPORT SUBMITTED TO GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [MBA] BHAGAWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT (MBA) Sr.no.149, near ashirwad villa, new city light road, Bharthana, vesu, surat-395007 Www.bmefcolleges.edu.in PREFACE Summer Training is an important and a fundamental part of Post Graduation curriculum. I had undergone a practical training under KRIBHCO, SURAT. It was a good exposure for me to undergo training in such a company to get the knowledge and experience. Summer training is one of the major experiencing components of the knowledge, gain of relevant information with respect to finance and dealing with situations in a professional course like Post Graduation where a professional person faces different problem. Thus, I would say that this training was beneficial, educative & good exposure to me, which will certainly help in my near future. According to an old saying there is a huge difference between to say and to do. To take theoretical knowledge is important but it becomes more valuable when we apply it in the practice. Under this study I have put in my best efforts to make this project successful. ...
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...ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZER INDUTRY OF PAKISTAN PHOENIX PAF KARACHI INSITITUTE OF ECNOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY, KARACHI PAKISTAN Submitted by: MARYAM NISAR (BB-3-06-3416) SIDRA JAMAL (BB-3-06-3428) Course: ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI INDUSTRY Submitted to: Mr. QAZI SALMAN 2 PHOENIX Page Table of Contents PRODUCTS: ........................................................................................................................................6 Brands: ..............................................................................................................................................7 SIZE OF INDUSTRY...............................................................................................................................8 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION..................................................................................................................9 FACTORIES LOCATION ...............................................................................................................9 WAREHOUSES ..........................................................................................................................9 TOTAL PRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................10 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT .......................................................................................................................10 TOTAL EXPORT .....................................................
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...Introduction to Fertilizer Industry of Pakistan Over the years, Pakistan’s economy has been heavily dependent on agricultural segment. It is considered to be the backbone of economy as it supports high percentage of GDP among other sectors, generating massive inputs for the agro based industry. During Fiscal year 2011, agricultural sector growth rate was 1.2% which supported huge sectors of economy like manufacturing, exports etc, which in turn resulted in increased consumption and has continued its growth rate at an exponential rate. The fertilizer sector is one of the important sectors as it is a provider of raw materials to different industries, contributing heavily to Pakistan’s export. On the contrary, it is also a large market for agro products such as pesticides, farm implements and fertilizers. It also contributes to agro based industries consisting of textiles, food, sugar etc. Due to significance of this sector, the government ensures that it always maintain consistent and transparent policies related to investments, prices and supply/demand of products and materials. When it comes to distribution of natural resources to industries, fertilizer industry tops the list for rationing of resources such as gas and water. Introduction to Engro Corporation Ltd Engro Corporation is a public listed multinational organization based in Karachi. The company portfolio is composed of six subsidiaries involved in production of different products including Fertilizers, food, energy...
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...The Input Subsystem: Mango Commodity 1. Major Inputs Used Mango production is said to be input-intensive as inputs cost per kilogram in pesos is 4.8 and share in total, 32.9 %. The farm inputs (planting materials, chemicals, fertilizers – organic and synthetic, financing assistance and technologies) take up nearly a third of production cost; and another third of imputed costs of labor and capital account. Profit per kg is P10.00 (FAO 2013). Table _. Cost and Return Analysis per Hectare of MANGO Production, 2011P ITEM | Amount (Pesos) | CASH COSTS | | Seeds/Planting Materials | - | Fertilizer | 16,357 | Pesticides | 7,134 | Other Material Inputs | - | Hired Labor | 10,070 | Wages for Overseer | - | Land Tax | 791 | Rentals | 1,732 | Water/Electric Bills | 281 | Fuel and Oil | 1,726 | Transport of Inputs | - | Irrigation Fee | - | Interest Payment on Crop Loan | 1,133 | Food Expense | 1,168 | Repairs | 1,292 | Landlord's Share | - | Electric Bill | - | Others | - | Sub-total | 41,684 | NON-CASH COSTS | | Seeds Paid in Kind | - | Hired Labor Paid in Kind | 632 | Wages for Overseer Paid in Kind | - | Rentals Machine and Vehicle | 118 | Landlord's Share Paid in Kind | 3,037 | Harvester's Share | 610 | Lease Rental | - | Sub-total | 4,397 | IMPUTED COSTS | | Operator and Family Labor | 5,014 | Exchange Labor | - | Depreciation | 10,676 | Interest on Operating Capital | 5,370 | Rental Value of Owned...
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...Causes of Global Warming Introduction Scientists have pieced together a record of Earth’s climate that is dating back hundreds of thousands of years and in some cases millions or thousands of millions of years by analyzing a number of indirect measures of tree rings, pollen remains, ice cores and glacier lengths among other features. Research indicates that natural causes are not responsible for the most observed warming and that since the mid-20th century, human activities have become the dominant causes of that warming (Haldar, 2014). In this context, there is going to be an analysis of the main contributors to global warming in the modern day. Major Pollutants Causing Global Warming Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel The global population has become addicted to the use of electricity both at the domestic and the industrial level. The society has become over-reliant on electricity as a source of energy to a level where the government and private firms have had their commitments when it comes to massive production and consumption of electricity. The society’s increasing addition to electricity from coal-burning power plants has been responsible for the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Increased releases of carbon dioxide via this mechanism is going to help in the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere thus exposing the world to increased global warming that is going to facilitate climatic changes that are fatal for the future generations...
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...Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited ============================================================================== 9MFY12 9MFY11 2011 2010 2009 ============================================================================== PROFITABILITY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gross profit margin % 48.29% 57.08% 62.20% 43.60% 43.27% Operating profit Margin % 42.65% 55.38% 61.48% 38.77% 38.72% Net profit margin % 27.57% 35.90% 40.73% 24.58% 24.40% ROA % 23.92% 24.91% 40.50% 25.61% 22.89% ROE % 62.04% 59.97% 97.49% 71.40% 67.44% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LIQUIDITY & ACTIVITY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Current ratio times 0.97 1.07 1.07 0.86 0.84 Acid Test Ratio times 0.77 0.95 0.95 0.73 0.66 Days in Payables days 147.07 191.50 181.47 130.12 124.51 Days in Inventory days 19.36 10.40 7.42 2.57 3.58 Cash Conversion Cycle days -119.35 -180.50 -172.58 -125.05 -117.14 Total asset turnover times 0.87 0.69 0.99 1.04 0.94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ LEVERAGE ...
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...[pic] Sugandha Compost Fertilizer Company Submitted to: Zubair Hussain (ZbH) Submitted by: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sugandha Compost Fertilizer Company is a partnership organized company. Our business is to produce compost fertilizer. For that we will collect our raw materials from house hold garbage. So it is both product & service at the same time. We have plans to be the pioneer in both fertilizer industry & waste management service in Dhaka City in future. Table of contents Title Page 01. Introduction 04 02. Statement of purpose 05 03. Business description 05 04. Production process 07 05. Market analysis 07 06. Business location 08 07. Management 09 08. Competition 11 09. SWOT analysis 12 10. Current financial records 13 11. Explanation of plans for growth 14 12. Projected profit, loss & operating figures...
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...Jaffer Agro Services (Pvt) Limited (JASPL) is a unit of Jaffer brothers is a well known and reliable name in the crop farming community of Pakistan. JAS has been supporting farmers working in fields through its pesticides, fertilizers, seeds, harvesters and consultancy services for more than 30 years. JAS’ primary focus is on the supply of farm inputs including pesticides and fertilizers and to provide consultancy services to farmers in order to increase their output. Years of working experience with the farming community along with international agriculture exposure has helped JAS identify new areas of interest, based on technological advancement and the evolving requirement of the country’s agriculture sector. Water soluble fertilizers, Bio-organic stimulants, corporate farming and High Efficiency Irrigation Systems are some of the new ventures addressed by JAS in collaboration with the most prestigious names worldwide. By virtue of such technical affiliations, JAS is able to access the most appropriate modern technology for cost effective services and has developed the required expertise to serve the farmer community in an efficient manner.\ Jaffer Brothers CHronology * 1950s: Jaffer Brothers – Mainly involved in indenting of pesticides & fertilizer for government of Pakistan. * 2000: Jaffer Agro Services (Pvt) Limited (JASPL) Launch marketing of Maize hybrid seeds. * 2013: Name of JAS Agro Chemical division has changed from National Insecticides Company...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BULUMA MARK EUGINE F18/1494/2011 GROUP 4 EXPERIMENT 3: FLAME PHOTOMETRY. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT. 1. To determine presence and concentration of sodium ions in drinking water. 2. To determine the presence and concentration of potassium ions in an unknown fertilizer sample. THEORY BEHIND THE EXPERIMENT. The major cation of the extracellular fluid is sodium. The typical daily diet contains 130-280 mmol (8-15 g) sodium chloride. The body requirement is for 1-2 mmol per day, so the excess is excreted by the kidneys in the urine. Hyponatraemia (lowered plasma [Na+]) and hypernatraemia (raised plasma [Na+]) are associated with a variety of diseases and illnesses and the accurate measurement of [Na +] in body fluids is an important diagnostic aid. Potassium is the major cation found intracellularly. The average cell has 140 mM K+ inside but only about 10 mM Na+. K+ slowly diffuses out of cells so a membrane pump (the Na +/K+ATPase) continually transports K+ into cells against a concentration gradient. The human body requires about 50-150 mmol/day. Hypokalaemia (lowered plasma [K+]), hyperkalaemia (increased plasma [K+]) and hyperkaluria (increased urinary excretion of K+) are again indicative of a variety of conditions and the clinical measurement of [K+] is also of great importance. INTRODUCTION TO THE EXPERIMENT Flame photometry is a traditional and simple method for determining sodium and...
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...Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION TO ENGRO PAKISTAN 2 FOOD INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN 3 ENGRO FOODS 3 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT ENGROFOODS 4 STRATEGIC INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AUDIT 4 STEEPLE ANALYSIS 4 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL 6 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 6 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 7 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 7 AVAILABILITY OF SUBSTITUTES 7 COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 8 SWOT ANALYSIS 8 STRENGTH 8 WEAKNESSES 9 OPPORTUNITIES 10 THREATS 11 INDUSTRIAL SWOT ANALYSIS 12 IFA AND EFA FOR ENGROOFOODDS 15 COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX (CPM) 17 CORE COMPETENCIES & KEY SUCCESS FACTORS 18 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 19 INTERNAL EXTERNAL (IE) MATRIX 20 GRAND STRATEGY MATRIX 21 SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 22 REFERENCES 23 Executive Summary The repot at hand provides useful overview about Engro Pakistan Ltd, a private fertilizer firm that keeps about 22 % of market share in the milk food industry Pakistan, established in 2005, a 100% owned subsidiary –First investment of dairy plant Processed milk market is growing at approx: 20% per year. Olper’s achieved peak market shares of 12.3% within 6 months of launch. Other products are launched such as –Olper’s Cream, OLwell –High Calcium Low Fat Milk (Premium Brand) Plans to expand product portfolio Milk processing capacity to increase by 200 million liters annually will become the only company in Pakistan covering the entire milk catchments area. It already has the 2ND largest cooled milk collection system in the country. Distribution network...
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...Performance Measurement & Control | BHP Billiton & PotashCorp: Chinese distribution | Transfer Pricing | | Your Name | 1/17/2011 | | Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Transfer Pricing 4 Transfer Pricing: Cost rates, dual rates & market prices 7 PotashCorp Transfer Pricing policy 9 Performance Management issues 12 Conclusions 14 References 15 Appendix 16 Executive Summary In the constantly improving transfer pricing laws of China and given the Chinese fertilizer market’s future potential, it is worth to enter the market with a BHP Billiton’s division established there. The planned imports from PotashCorp provide the possibility for the use of transfer pricing to improve tax efficiency and thus the benefit of the whole organization. If performance measurement tools are used, this may underestimate the performance of the division using most of the methods such as market price and dual cost. The cost plus method turns out to be more on the division’s side but as the Chinese prices are lower than that of the world, the conditions appear to be supporting the method as beneficial to the company as a whole while the division is able to generate revenues for company at a low tax. Performance measurement tools seem to be less beneficial for large divisions based organization, where differences in dynamics render the largely homogeneous performance measurement indicators unable to serve the intended purpose. Introduction ...
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...strategies through expanding the variety of offerings to include precision agriculture through a strategic alliance with AgriTech. PNI struggles to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage due to the imitability of the products and services currently being offered. Farmers are threatened by declining prices and PNI must find a way to compensate for declining fertilizer sales. This solution provides a cost efficient way to exploit the capabilities of AgriTech to enter a new market. By developing a partnership, PNI can be first to the market to gain market share and increase barriers to entry while creating a sustainable and profitable advantage. (Appendix 2) Support PNI’s goal is to satisfy both the customers’ and the company’s needs, forming a “win-win” philosophy. They have been able to charge higher prices to its customers because of their current differentiators including its unique products, Nutri-Plus line, as well as their excellent customer service and reputation. Although PNI currently offers its unique Nutri-Plus line of fertilizers, this capability fails the imitability test of the VRINE (Appendix 1) analysis as competitors can easily imitate it, although they have not yet done so. However, PNI’s sales consultants have continued to add value by effectively obtaining and retaining clients.(Appendix 1) PNI will rely on the sales team and the relationships they’ve developed to promote the precision services. An opportunity to expand into precision agriculture services...
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...9 Injection Moulded Articles 9 The Present Strategy 9 Business Model 9 Strengths 9 Weaknesses 10 Value Chain – Operations 10 Distribution 10 Sales and Marketing 11 FIBC (Export) 11 FIBC (Domestic) 11 Geo Textile Fabric and Ground Cover 11 Reverse-Printed BOPP Bags 11 Research and Development 12 Business Strategy 12 Core Competence 12 New Products 12 Diversified Applications 12 In House Research and Development 12 Connecting with End Customer 12 Corporate Strategy 13 Corporate Structure 13 References 14 Executive Summary Introduction In this report we present an analysis of Flexituff International Ltd from a strategic management standpoint. Starting from the company vision, mission and values statements, we have perform an analysis of their internal and external environments. We have studied their value chain and identified their key success factors. The industry analysis also reveals the key strengths and weaknesses of Flexituff International Ltd. We have also studied their organizational structure and its effect on the company’s strategic operations. Furthermore, value drivers for Flexituff International have been identified that leads us to their business level strategy, their international market footprint and expansion plans leads us to their corporate level strategy. Supplementary independent strategies of growth via alliances and partnerships, and mergers and acquisitions have also been analyzed. The purpose of this project has been to...
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