...English 1A February 4, 2013 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome The lifestyle pregnant women live at time affect the life of unborn infant. Most women think that pregnancy is all about bringing life into the world. They forget that it take a lot to keep the unborn child safe by taking precaution in the dietary habits to prevent the destruction or inhibition of life. Some pregnant women continue on their drinking and drug abuse binge right throughout their pregnancy. They do not think ahead to the inexplicable damage that it could do to their fetus. What they do not know is that when women drinks, while pregnant it could cause damage, and pose problems not only to herself, but also to the fetus that she is carrying. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome has been the leading cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States today. In knowing how Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can be prevented, what the symptoms are, and who and what make up the risk factors fetal alcohol syndrome can be better understood. Dr. Osaseri (Family doctor), (Gardena Medical Center) stated that “Fetal alcohol syndrome is refers to a newborn who manifests signs, either physically or behaviorally, that are indicative of significant exposure to alcohol during the course of the pregnancy”. A birth defect occurs as a result abuse of alcohol. Some mother don’t consider the health of their unborn child when consumption alcohol during pregnancy; they forget that whatsoever they eat that the unborn child eats the same...
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...Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Chapman University EDUU 606 January 6, 2010 Over use of alcohol is a growing social problem in our society. Alcohol has a long history of uses, during the early 1930’s alcohol consumption reached an all time high. In the 1980’s consumption of alcohol by adults leveled off; and in the 1990’s there was a decline in the number of adult’s consuming alcohol. Even though consumption in adults has leveled off and declined, there continues to be a growing concern over women who consume alcohol during pregnancy, its affects on the nervous system, and the unborn fetus. In this research I will provide you with an overview on the history and production of alcohol, the effects on the body and the damages that could occur to unborn fetus, demographics of those affected by alcohol. How the alcohol is transmitted from the mother to the unborn fetus, parts of the brain disrupted in development, and the impact it has on learning, as well as the implications and application to the classroom. It does not appear; that most people have a clear understanding of dangers of alcohol. Ethanol is a very addictive drug, which takes many, lives each year. Alcohol lowers ones ability to think rationally. People who consume alcohol lack good judgment because it often causes them to do things they normally wouldn’t when their sober. Alcohol has a major effect on ones overall...
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...Introduction Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is one of the leading causes of birth defects in the United States. Moreover, FAS appears to be the most common cause of preventable mental retardation. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.) Each year between 5,000 and 12,000 American babies are born with the condition. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.)Thus, each year roughly 5,000 to 12,000 American children are entering into the educational system. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.) Therefore, our nations public schools should be both properly funded and prepared in the classroom to educate children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.) Overview of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a collection of symptoms that when appearing together indicate the specific FAS condition. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.), see also (Wilkemeyer, Menkari, Spong & Charness, 2002) FAS is caused when by a woman's ingestion of any type pf alcohol during pregnancy. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.), see also (Wilkemeyer, Menkari, Spong & Charness, 2002) The alcohol travels through the pregnant woman's bloodstream and through the placenta to the unborn fetus. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.), see also (Wilkemeyer, Menkari, Spong & Charness, 2002) In other word's, the developing baby is also processing and metabolizing the alcohol that has passed to it from the pregnant mother. (“Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”, n.d.), see also (Wilkemeyer, Menkari, Spong & Charness, 2002) Once...
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...Should it be illegal for a pregnant woman to consume alcohol? Consider the legal and health ramifications of your answer. Allow me to start by saying, that I am unequivocally against drinking alcohol while pregnant. There is no reason for a woman who is foreseeing having a newborn child or already pregnant to drink. Drinking while pregnant can cause many different defects to an unborn baby. Talking from an utilitarian point of view, I would say that she is doing harm to an anticipated individual. Many children have develop Fetal Alcohol Syndrome due to mothers exposing their unborn child to frequent alcohol abuse. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition that results from alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Problems that may be caused by fetal alcohol syndrome include physical deformities, mental retardation, learning disorders, vision difficulties and behavioral problems. Despite the fact that Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is know to cause many of these physical and metal issues on the fetus, the Department of Health alongside of Royal College and Obstetricians and Gynecologist, make conflicting proposals on the number of liquor units that are ok for pregnant ladies. A few specialists recommend that you totally maintain a distance from liquor when you're expecting; others say that light drinking is unrealistic to hurt your child. The issue with drinking liquor during pregnancy is that there is no sum that has been proven to be completely safe. For that reason I would say if you...
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...have FAS. FAS stands for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Fetal Alcolhol Syndrome is caused by mothers that consume alcohol during pregnacy. There is no specific amount of alcohol known to be safe during pregnancy so the best possible option is not to drink any alcoholic beverage during pregnancy. Three major factors that you should know and consider when thinking about FAS are who causes these problems, birth defects and how to care for a FAS baby. Many people probley think that young teenage girls are the major groups that have FAS babies but little to their suprise they are wrong. Women who are unmarried, have a college education, and women in households with an income greater than $50,000 a year. "These are results from a very recent survey of over 100,000 women conducted by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention published in the August 1998 issue of the journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology." Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a major problem in our society and is the leading known cause of mental retardation. But most persons with FAS have an IQ in the normal range. Children with FAS usually have a low birth weight and spend alot of time in the hospital when they are a baby. Symptoms that are easily noticed when looking at a child with FAS are small head and body and unquie facial characteristics. Symptoms that are not visable but are very evidant are behavioral problems, brain damage, attention deficits and obsessive/compulsive disorder. It is Nelms, 2 a proven fact that "Alchohol...
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...longer considered valid and lacks research support? The explanation for autism that is no longer valid and does lack research support is the sociocultural theory which states that autism is from parents being distance their children, but it has not been able to be proven through any research they have done. 3. What forms of treatment are helpful for a person with autism? The form of treatment that are helpful for a person with autism would be behavioral theory, and communication training and community integration as well. 4. List the criteria for a diagnosis of mental retardation The criteria for a diagnosis of mental retardation are below average general intellectual functioning as well as poor adaptive behavior. 5. Explain one way in which sociocultural biases in testing might pose problems for assessing mental retardation. Sociocultural would have to do with environmental conditions as well as social status and based on that people may not be able to understand that even in the perfect environment and social status, they can be mentally retarded. 6. Of the four levels of mental retardation, into which category do most people with mental retardation fall? Most people that has been diagnosis with mental retardation falls under level 1 at 85 %. 7. What are the main types of biological causes of mental retardation? The main types of biological causes of mental...
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...because they wanted more for their children and wanted them to lead a fulfilling life. The Arc works passionately to ensure that every individual with a mental disability and their parents have access to information, advocacy, and skills they need in order to participate as an active citizen and member of their community. This organization is committed to altering the perceptions of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In addition they also secure services for these individuals who have been denied an education, day care and preschool, and the right to work (The Arc, n.d.). This organization has adapted accordingly due to the sensitive terminology that has had an impact on these individuals. The term ‘mental retardation’ was used vastly as the appropriate terminology in the medical field. Although it may still be used today, the terms ‘intellectual disability’ and ‘developmental disability’ are starting to be adopted more broadly. The word ‘retarded’ has become a derogatory and demeaning word which is why the organization changed their name to The Arc (The Arc, n.d.). They strongly believe that the only ‘r-word’ that should be used when referring to individuals...
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...drank alcohol while pregnant. Of those, 66% reported drinking in the first trimester and 54% reported drinking in the third trimester. 1 in every 750 infants is born with symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, while another 40,000 are born with Fetal Alcohol Effects also known as FAE. The research regarding FAS dates back to 1973. From 1973-1978, 245 cases of FAS were reported. The average cost to take care of a child with FAS is around 800,000. (Armstrong, Elizabeth M. Conceiving Risk, Bearing Responsibility: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the Diagnosis of Moral Disorder: Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University, 2003.) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a mental and physical defect that a fetus can suffer in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. FAS was named in the United States in 1973 by two dysmorpholosgists, Dr. Kenneth Lyons Jones and Dr. David Weyhe Smith of the University of Washington Medical School in Seattle. The article identifying FAS was first published in 1973, in the British Medical Journal, The Lancet. The two doctors helped to define the morphological defects and developmental delays that can affect children born to alcoholic mothers. These observations include prenatal and postnatal deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and damage to the brain that can cause learning, behavior, and cognitive abnormalities. FAS occurs when a pregnant mother consumes alcohol. The alcohol enters the blood stream and crosses the placenta. The alcohol could...
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...Social Issue: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome p.427 The third most common cause of mental retardation in babies born in most of North America (Canada and the United States) is fetal alcohol syndrome. This illness is a result of alcohol and other harmful substances moving across the placenta. The crossing of the placenta results in the blood of the fetus being polluted by the alcohol. The placenta, unfortunately, is a selective membrane preventing only the mother’s blood from entering the blood of the fetus and not the harmful or potentially dangerous materials. This paper will contemplate whether pregnant women should refrain from consuming alcohol until their pregnancy is over. There are many reasons to support the elimination of alcohol from the diet of a pregnant woman the most dominant being the endangerment of the health of the fetus. Therefore, some believe blood test should be mandatory for all pregnant women to detect the presence of alcohol. In addition, the responsibility of the mother is exceedingly questionable because if she is willing to risk the health of the child prior to birth, if she has the patience and perseverance to care for the child after birth. Danger to the fetus is not the only concern in this position, as studies have shown the increase of the chances of cancer as well as a variety of other issues in almost all parts of the body as well as cardiovascular problems possibly leading to a double death of the mother and child. This double death may also be...
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... but this isn’t the norm. 4. List the criteria for a diagnosis of mental retardation: IQ below 70, evidence that the limitations were apparent in childhood, and significant limitations in two or more areas of adaptive behavior, such as social skills, memory skills, problem solving ability and self care. 5. Explain one way in which sociocultural biases in testing might pose problems for assessing mental retardation. IQ testing has come under the gun as being socioculturally biased and therefore causing some children to be labeled retarded when they didn’t speak the language at a level that would demonstrate their true IQ. 6. Of the four levels of mental retardation, into which category do most people with mental retardation fall? Mild level – IQ from 50-70 7. What are the main types of biological causes of mental retardation? Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome and Fragile X syndrome are the three most common causes for children born with it. 8. What is the only way to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome? Not drinking alcohol during pregnancy. 9. What are normalization and mainstreaming? These are educational terms that refer to the placement of those with disabilities into regular classrooms so...
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...as media influence associate with underage drinking. Peer pressure is a powerful predictor of alcohol use among teens. Americans have a very strong urge to be accepted and liked by their peers. Everyone wants to feel a sense of belonging. Many adolescents feel that they need to drink alcohol to gain this acceptance by the others around them. Stress is also another reason why teens may feel apt to drink alcohol. Stress causes teenagers to look for a quick escape from the problems, which they face, in their day-to-day lives. This quick escape can be found in the shape of a bottle. In the eyes of an underage drinker, alcohol is the cure to all problems, a way to forget all of stress and pressures that are facing them. They feel that it will numb their pain and continuing to use alcohol will result in maybe another problem, substance abuse. Popularity shouldn’t come along with breaking the law. Also, the cure to the problems in someone’s life isn’t breaking the law, because the affects alcohol has on the body causes a lot more issues down the road. Alcohol use is extremely common in our society. Young ones grow up watching their parents drink, at special occasions, as well as casually enjoying a few beers at a picnic. Now a day’s kids and young adults are surrounded by the use of alcohol on a daily basis. Underage drinking not only has devastating effects on those who drink but also on our society. Many parents don’t feel the need to have a talk with their kids...
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...(pre-conceptional/peri-conceptional/in-pregnancy)” (Barua, et al. pp. 6). By taking FA during the pregnancy the child will have a greater chance of not producing mild or severe characteristics of specific birth defects. FA is widely recommended to be taken in a surplus of countries and has been used throughout the years to save a number of children contracting birth defects. If more expecting mothers start a regulated routine of the vitamin, folic acid, a percentage of birth defects could start going down giving the families and mothers an advantage over the son or daughter’s life. Another commentary, Folic Acid - Prevention of birth defects, claims expecting mothers should have a certain amount of FA intake before birth of the child either a month before or twelve weeks of...
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...The consumption of alcohol has extremely diverse effects on the heart depending on whether a moderate or excessive amount has been consumed. It is commonly known and there is an ample amount of evidence to indicate that alcohol, especially red wine, can possibly decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (Savica et al., 2010). Juxtaposed against this, binge drinking can have detrimental effects on the function of the heart as it can cause an increase in arrhythmias, lead to hypertension but most of all it can often aid the development of heart disease (Vogel, 2013). There is a direct link between binge drinking and the risk of heart disease. Studies have proved that a U-shaped curve can be used to portray the intense relationship that exists...
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...Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of complications that occur when a newborn is exposed to addictive drugs while in the mother’s womb. NAS is an increasing problem in the United States that many people are unaware of with a rise of 4.4% in 2013. It is important to understand that NAS not only affects the infant, but it affects the mother as well. Both the infant and mother can develop a wide range of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Some of these symptoms include neurological, gastrointestinal, and autonomic disorders. Early identification of symptoms is vital to ensure that both the infant and mother receives the best care possible. Another important thing to recognize about NAS is the American...
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...Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development * John Locke (1632-1704) British philosopher Tabula rasa “blank slate”- Learning through: instruct, reward, discipline * Jean J. Rousseau (1712-1778) French Philosopher Noble savage- Endowed with an innate sense of justice and morality that unfolds naturally as children grow * Charles Darwin British Naturalist 1809 -1882 Conceptual Contribution: evolutionary theory; survival of the fittest * Stanley Hall (1844-1924) norming studies: founded child-study institute at Clark University. First president of American Psychological Association. * Alfred Binet (1857-1911) French psychologist- intelligence test - Binet-Simon Test Stanford-Binet Test The Biological Perspective: Definition: Development is determined primarily by biological forces * In ethological theory, many behaviors are viewed as adaptive because they have survival value (examples: Reflexes, crying, social interactions (attention-seeking); self-control/independence; * In maturational theory, development reflects the natural unfolding of a pre-arranged biological plan; Arnold Gesell (1880-1961)Critical Period – imprinting (Konrad Lorez 1903-1989), language) The Learning Perspective * Classical Conditioning – Watson’s little Albert Experiment * Operant Conditioning – B. F. Skinner (reinforcement and punishment) * Bandura’s social cognitive theory: children are actively trying to understand what is going on in their world; what is reinforced...
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