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Fetal Hydrocephalus Lab Report

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Fetal examination of hydrocephalus

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Introduction (500)

Prenatal detection and diagnosis of hydrocephalus
In this chapter, the discussion will mainly focus on answering three questions; how is fetal hydrocephalus diagnosed? Or in other words, what methods are used?, What is the rationale for using them? What are the clinical implications to detecting fetal hydrocephalus?

Ultrasonography (US)
Introduction
The earliest recorded implementation of ultrasonography in identifying fetal anatomy was in 1958 when Donald et al. published his paper ‘The investigation of abdominal masses by pulsed ultrasound’ in The Lancet, containing the first published ultrasound image of the fetal head (Figure 6.1.1) and various other gynecological …show more content…
If detected and treated earlier, would there be less random reorganization of tracts leading to a much better neurocognitive outcome?

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
When a stimulus produces an increase in local neuronal activity, thus increasing local blood flow and venous blood oxygenation, a blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect is found. fMRI utilizes this effect and detects the local increase in signal (BOLD contrast) to demonstrate activation of certain areas in the brain.
Fetal fMRI has been used to evaluate response to vibroacoustic and visual stimuli with some success, demonstrating a temporal and frontal lobe activation, respectively.
Evaluation of resting-state network (RSN) connectivity in normal and pathological conditions in the fetus may help in judging the functional framework and severity of detected abnormalities.
Studies have yet to include and evaluate hydrocephalic fetuses using fMRI, but with the improving techniques and acquisition times, fMRI may play a significant role in the understanding of fetal brain development and function in the background of hydrocephalus.

Cerebrospinal fluid flow in fetal

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