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Fibers

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Fiber optic technology is simply the use of light to transmit data. The general use of fiber optics did not begin until the 1970s. Robert Maurer of Corning Glass Works developed a fiber with a loss of 20 dB/km, promoting the commercial use of fiber. Since that time the use of fiber optics has increased dramatically. Advances in fiber technology, lower production costs, and installation have all contributed to the wide use of fiber.

The heaviest use of fiber is in the telecommunications industry. Telephone companies initially used fiber to transport high volumes of voice traffic between central office locations. During the 1980s telephone companies began to deploy fiber throughout their networks. Fiber technology allows companies to "future proof" networks. We use the phrase "future proof" because fiber is theoretically unlimited in bandwidth. Bandwidth is a measurement of the data carrying capacity of the media (in this case, fiber). The greater the bandwidth, the more data or information that can be transmitted. Copper has a bandwidth and a distance limitation, making it less desirable.

Optical Fiber Construction

Optical fiber is composed of several elements. The construction of a fiber optic cable consists of a core, cladding, coating buffer, strength member and outer jacket. The optic core is the light-carrying element at the center. The core is usually made up of a combination of silica and germania. The cladding surrounding the core is made of pure silica. The cladding has a slightly lower index of refraction than the core.

Fiber is either single mode or multimode. Fiber sizes are expressed by using two numbers: 8/125. The first number refers to the core size in microns. The second number refers to the core size plus the cladding size

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