...How does the structure of the industry affects profits? The Movie Exhibition Industry 2013 IT IS APT that 2012’s top-grossing film was The Avengers, because movie studios and exhibitors sought to avenge a dismal prior year at the box office. Domestic box office receipts climbed 6 percent from 2011 to a record—setting $10.8 billion in 2012.‘ Three films—The Avengers, The Dark Knight Rises, and Skyfall—grossed more than $1 billion each in global ticket sales (see Exhibit 1). Behind the scenes, the success, even the fundamental health of the exhibition industry, is far less clear, however. Consider these contradictions: - Domestic ticket revenues grew 6 percent in 2012, but that volume ranks just 13th since 1980. The 1.364 billion tickets sold is down 13 percent from the most recent high in 2002 of 1.575 billion (see Exhibit 2). 2012‘s record revenues resulted from ticket price increases, not more attendees. At $7.94, the average ticket price has risen 24 percent since 2005. But over the long term, prices keep pace with inflation, raising questions about the creation of differentiated value (see Exhibit 3). - The long-term per-capita trend is negative. In 2012, the average number of films seen per capita was 3.9.2 In 1946, the peak of moviegoing in America, the industry sold four billion tickets, and the typical American went to 28 films per year at the theater. - Movies are more widely available than ever, creating new substitutes for where, when, and how to view ...
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... • What determines profitability for exhibitors? Consider revenue components, expenses, and the controllability of these by managers. • What is the trend in profitability? What explains this trend? • Do trends in the general environment and industry structure affect profits? The Movie Exhibition Industry 2013 IT IS APT that 2012’s top-‐grossing film was The Avengers, because movie studios and exhibitors sought to avenge a dismal prior year at the box office. Domestic box office receipts climbed 6 percent from 2011 to a record—setting $10.8 billion in 2012.‘ Three films—The Avengers, The Dark Knight Rises, and Skyfall—grossed more than $1 billion each in global ticket sales (see Exhibit 1). Behind the scenes, the success, even the fundamental health of the exhibition industry, is far less clear, however. Consider these contradictions: -‐ Domestic ticket revenues grew 6 percent in 2012, but that volume ranks...
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...Sarah Veslany CAS 202 Annotated Bibliography Assignment 4/5/2015 Bury, R., & Li, J. (2013). Is it live or is it time-shifted, streamed or downloaded? Watching television in the era of multiple screens. News, Media, & Society, 17(4), 592-610. In this article the authors discuss how different methods of television viewing are effected across gender, age, and geographic location. The study takes into account what percentage of television viewers watch television traditionally versus how many television viewers use stream or download their preferred TV programs. The specific viewing options the researchers take into account are watching a show on a television at airtime, recorded DVR viewing after the scheduled broadcast time, internet streaming...
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...BBFC – This Is England. This is England is a British film written and directed by Shane Meadows in 2006. The film revolves around the life of a young boy facing social challenges, who later finds company with a young group of skinheads in 1983. The film highlights the origin of their subculture, which can be traced back to the 1960’s. The film also highlights the social issues that were dominant within the society, as well as the division between skinheads in the society because of their nationalist views. Becuase this film was produced in UK, the film had to undergo certain levels of scrutiny under media regulation bodies. According to the Oxford Dictionary of Media and Communication, media regulation is the “control and supervision of organizations exercised by external authorities through the application of rules.”(ODMC 2011). The setup of regulation bodies in a society stimulates domestic production of films, and guarantees public interest when watching films within the region affected. The British Board of Film Classification, commonly known by its abbreviation, ‘BBFC’, is a non-profit regulatory organisation in the United Kingdom, setup in 1912 as an independent body to bring a degree of uniformity to the classification of film nationally, and test their suitability for viewing in the home. The BBFC is the regulatory body for films produced and distributed in the UK. They examine “issues such as discrimination, drugs, horror, imitable behaviour, language, nudity, sex, sexual...
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...Ashley Bujanowski Professor Farve English 68 11/5/2012 Illustration Essay Benefits of Viewing Movies At Home Throughout generations, watching movies has been one of the most popular forms of entertainment. Motion pictures were originally developed as a carnival novelty and have developed to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment. Most films before 1930 were silent. During the 1940’s, there was a desire for wartime propaganda in the film industry with realistic war dramas. The 1960’s brought an increasing awareness of foreign language cinema in America. During the 1970’s, audiences saw a dramatic increase in the popularity of martial arts films. The early 1990s saw the development of a commercially successful independent cinema in the United States. In general, motion picture films have substantially affected the arts and technology. So as the years have progressed, watching movies at home has become an attractive activity to for many people. Many people find that watching movies enrich their leisure time and allow them to escape reality. There are three advantages to watching movies at home: convenience, inexpensiveness, and control. An advantage to viewing movies at home is the convenience of personal food options. Being at home allows the viewer to choose whether he wants to cook his own meal or order in. The viewer is also able to buy his own movie snacks. He can consume unlimited amounts of popcorn, candy, and soda of he chooses to; he...
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...External Assessment This analysis examines the film industry, including photographic equipment, supplies, and motion picture production and distribution, which relates to the entertainment sector. Opportunity: Growing demand for large-scale 2D/3D film viewing experiences. Evidence includes increasing order trends for 3D systems and pricing trends show consumers are willing to pay a premium price for these enhanced movie experiences. The strategic group this affects is the large format film group. Key success factors include supporting research and development for new advanced technology and having expertise to build and service the relevant equipment. Threat: The threat of substitutes coming from new technological advancements that allow alternative viewing choices which include, but are not limited to, home theatres, internet viewing, VOD, etc. Evidence shows that currently 85 per cent of a film’s revenue is attributed to home viewing and the prevalence of film piracy is increasing as a result of the internet. The strategic groups this effects are those involved in the distribution channels of films. Key success factors include government support through copyright laws protecting film distribution and the ability to capitalize on technological and environmental assets to provide consumers with a unique social experience that cannot be replicated at home. Opportunity: Growth in emerging international markets, particularly the Asia-Pacific region. Evidence shows that a significant...
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...Film expresses thought and conversation between images concepts and the viewer. The product is an experience that offers “cavellian mediations” in capturing the ways films think. This “thought” pertains to the mechanism by which film elicits and expresses thought, both within its own means of expression and through the potential of self-reflection amongst the viewers. The film provides voice, animating the effort to find words to describe the experience to film. Essentially, the film invites us to express, experience, and think. In reflection upon the conversation, I must recognize it’s existence as a moment that is situated within a series of instances. Reconcile the fact that genre exists both at once “full-blown” and emerges spontaneously within conversation Genre requires a level of engagement between reader and the text. While “genre exists as a form characterized by features, as an object by its properties; accordingly to emerge to the question is that later members can ‘add’ something to the genre because there is no such thing as ‘all its features’” (315). Cavell establishes two forms of genre: one consisting of genre as a medium and the other consisting of genre as a cycle. The role that criticism plays within these two cases of genre differs. In genre as a cycle, the criticism falls predominantly on the genre rather than the individual object. “Genre as a form characterized by features, as an object by its properties; accordingly to emerge full-blow...
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...Film expresses thought and conversation between images concepts and the viewer. The product is an experience that offers “cavellian mediations” in capturing the ways films think. This “thought” pertains to the mechanism by which film elicits and expresses thought, both within its own means of expression and through the potential of self-reflection amongst the viewers. The film provides voice, animating the effort to find words to describe the experience to film. Essentially, the film invites us to express, experience, and think. In reflection upon the conversation, I must recognize it’s existence as a moment that is situated within a series of instances. Reconcile the fact that genre exists both at once “full-blown” and emerges spontaneously within conversation Genre requires a level of engagement between reader and the text. While “genre exists as a form characterized by features, as an object by its properties; accordingly to emerge to the question is that later members can ‘add’ something to the genre because there is no such thing as ‘all its features’” (315). Cavell establishes two forms of genre: one consisting of genre as a medium and the other consisting of genre as a cycle. The role that criticism plays within these two cases of genre differs. In genre as a cycle, the criticism falls predominantly on the genre rather than the individual object. “Genre as a form characterized by features, as an object by its properties; accordingly to emerge full-blow...
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...Avatar is a 2009 American[8][9] epic science fiction action film directed, written, co-produced, and co-edited by James Cameron, and starring Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, Joel David Moore, Giovanni Ribisi, and Sigourney Weaver. The film is set in the mid-22nd century, when humans are mining a precious mineral called unobtanium on Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the Alpha Centauristar system.[10][11][12] The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi – a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to a genetically engineered Na'vi body with the mind of a remotely located human, and is used to interact with the natives of Pandora.[13] Development of Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film.[14][15] Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron's 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999,[16] but according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film.[17] Work on the language of the film's extraterrestrial beings began in summer 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006.[18][19] Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million.[5] Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production and at $150 million for promotion.[20][21][22] The film made extensive use of cutting edge motion capture filming...
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...upgrade all of their facilities to incorporate 3D technologies, premium viewing, and state-of-the-art sound systems. This project would immerse the movie viewer into a real-life experience, thereby enticing the viewer to return satisfied, and become a steady patron of the company. Their estimated timeline for completion on technology upgrades for its remaining theatres is 2014. AMC Theatres, which stands for American Multi-Cinema was founded in 1920 when a father and his two sons purchased the Regent theatre in Kansas City, Missouri. AMC is second only to Regal Theatres, as a leading global movie theatre chain. The company gives credit to one particular son named Stanley Durwood. He believed that playing a multiple selection of movies in one movie house would in-turn lead to more guests, and more profits. This simple idea revolutionized the movie exhibition industry and became a blueprint for the industry. The concept for the movie theatre was born. It is this kind of inspiration that has encouraged the AMC Corporation to introduce more industry firsts. AMC was looking for a way to bring in new customers and refresh old patron relationships. Movie sales had begun to slump in the early 90’s as new competitors in the movie industry flooded the market. People began watching movies at home on VHS’s and DVD’s. Problems with retaining profits became even worse as bootleg movies and electronic computer based home rentals became available around the early 2000’s. Their transformation...
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...British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) Alana Finn 14R Media Studies Miss Garry The British Board of Film Classification, known as the BBFC, was set up in the film industry in 1984. It is an independent regulator of non-governmental body that classify films before they go to the cinema. They are currently based in Soho Square, London, Regulating the UK only and have a requirement to classify videos, and DVDs as well as some video games under the Video Recordings Act (1984), acknowledging and reflecting the UK's diverse cultural society. Originally set up in 1912 in order to put together rules and judgement on censorship, the British Board of Film Classification was known as the British Board of Film Censors until 1985. The BBFC then changed their name for the reason that they wanted to be known for the much larger role of actual classification that went into the boards work, rather than censorship, also applying the test of 'suitability for viewing in the home'. In the case of films shown in cinemas, local authorities have the final legal authorisation over who can view a particular film. The majority of the time, legal authorities accepts the Board's recommendation for a certificate for a film. Although there have been some exceptions, particularly in the 1970's when the board allowed films such as The Last Tango In Paris and The Exorcist to be released with an X certificate (18+), but many local authorities chose to ban the films regardless. The BBFC is a non-profit...
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...Does viewing films or shows affect how you form your individual identity? When viewing any film or shows in the manner in which we scrutinize the characters that are being portrayed has a definite effect on a person identity. Watching movies we identify ourselves with the character by asking question like what would I have done? E.T. had a profound effect on all of America when it presented us with the facts of an alien that was likable, lovable, and not harmful to anyone. This movie let us see a new light on how aliens should be viewed. It also showed us that scientist were cruel to the unknown. The government took E.T. crashing on earth as a sign that they were being invaded instead of it being just and accident and he needed to get home. When I watched the movie I learned that human beings a very skeptical on new and unexplored. Children have a different way of figuring it out they don’t judge by its outer appearance they judge by how they are treated by whoever it is. As we get older movies have a different meaning to us. I watched this movie once when I was eight and again when I was eighteen. When I was eight years old I was just like the little girl scared at first then as the story went on I realize that all he wanted was to go home. When watching it at eighteen it seemed so foreign to see how the adults were responding to this alien as if he was out to hurt them. This movie had helped me to form and identity with ignorance at its best. It also to form an identity with...
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...Photography is the technique of recording and generating permanent images, by the capturing and preservation of physical stimulus-patterns on a layer of photosensitive material. It involves recordinglight patterns as reflected from objects, on to a sensitive medium through momentary exposure. The process is done through mechanical, chemical or digital devices commonly known as camera. The word comes from the Greek words φως phos ("light"), and γραφις graphis ("stylus", "paintbrush") or γραφη graphê, together meaning "drawing with light" or "representation by means of lines", "drawing". Photography is the art, science, and practice of creating pictures by recording radiation on a radiation-sensitive medium, such as a photographic film, or electronic image sensors. Photography uses foremost radiation in the UV, visible andnear-IR spectrum. As far as can be ascertained, it was Sir John Herschel in a lecture before the Royal Society of London, on March 14, 1839 who made the word "photography" known to the world. But in an article published on February 25 of the same year in a German newspaper called the Vossische Zeitung, Johann von Maedler, a Berlin astronomer, had used the word photography already.[2] The word photography is based on the Greek φῶς (photos) "light" and γραφή (graphé) "representation by means of lines" or "drawing", together meaning "drawing with light".[3] 1. The art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces. 2. The art...
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...TITLE PAGE TRENDS OF NEGATIVE THEMES IN NIGERIAN HOME MOVIES (A STUDY OF FOUR HOME MOVIES) BY OGBONNIA CHINAZA. C MC/2006/118 A PROJECT PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION, CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU. IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN MASS COMMUNICATION JULY, 201 DEDICATION I dedicate this work to God Almighty for his unfettered love. He is the only guide to my life and studies and he dispenses his grace freely. Also to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Ogbodo Ogbonnia and my brothers Arinze, Nnamaka, Chukwunonyerum, I remain grateful for their moral and financial support. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to acknowledge and appreciate all who fired the flame in one way or the other. First, I thank God, the almighty father who has given me life, knowledge, wisdom and strength to accomplish my work. My special gratitude goes to my head of Department, Damian. U. Agboeze who despite his crowded daily programme as the HOD would readily attend to his students and his fatherly advice. My immense gratitude also goes to my supervisor Justina Obi who devoted her time to supervise, correct and criticize this research work to make it a reality. I can never forget the service of my lecturer, Ferdinand Obasi, who made things...
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...Laura Mulvey theorises that visual pleasure in the mainstream cinema is largely founded upon a male gaze that fetishises the female body and positions the male spectator voyeuristically in relation to the film. To what extent you agree with this hypothesis? The ‘Male Gaze’ is a term that refers to instances in film, where the audience view a scene through the perspective of a heterosexual man. For example, a scene that focuses on a woman’s curves and these features are accentuated in some way, such as, purposeful camera movements or through the use of slow motion and/or cut-aways. The term was first coined by Laura Mulvey in her article “Visual pleasure and Narrative cinema”. In this article, Mulvey advocates that the use of the Male Gaze in films, causes women to only be admired for their physical appearance and therefore relegates women to the stature of objects, refusing them human identity. She demonstrates this by using film examples that infer a female’s existence in the film world is only in relation to the male, that she has no real importance, besides how she makes the male feel or act. Mulvey states female characters only serve two roles in a narrative: 1) As an erotic object for the characters within the narrative to view, and 2) As an erotic object for the spectators with the cinema to view. They tend to slow the narrative down; they give men inspiration to act, they are considered passive. Where as male characters push the narrative forwards making events happen...
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