...government censorship over internet, which is turning into a national dilemma as well as the cross-national conflict which affect the global businesses. Nowadays, internet censorship is widely accepted standard regulation that controls any information available on the internet and by using filtering tools to prevent people from accessing materials that are considered to be inappropriate. While government support the use of internet censorship as a protection of public security and defines the ‘inappropriate material’ to determine what people can view on the internet, others argue that it is simply a tool to take away people from their own right to express freedom of speech and make people blindly accept what they can access on the internet. The paper also addresses the growing problem of cross-national conflict by giving the practice of multinational company Google and addressing the issues of the value system between Chinese and US government. The paper concludes that as the rapid growth of internet technology and international businesses, it has become more difficult to achieve both control of information and the benefits of technology, and there is a need for balance between these two factors. Table of Contents Abstract I Table of Contents II 1. Introduction １ 2. The nature of internet development and censorship ２ 2.1The history and nature of internet development ２ 2.2 Methods of internet control ２ 2.2.1 Internet filtering technology ３ 2.2.2 Internet regulation ３ 3. Different...
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...Employee Internet Use Monitoring and Filtering Policy Created by or for the SANS Institute. Feel free to modify or use for your organization. If you have a policy to contribute, please send e-mail to stephen@sans.edu 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this policy is to define standards for systems that monitor and limit web use from any host within 's network. These standards are designed to ensure employees use the Internet in a safe and responsible manner, and ensure that employee web use can be monitored or researched during an incident. 2.0 Scope This policy applies to all employees, contractors, vendors and agents with a -owned or personally-owned computer or workstation connected to the network. This policy applies to all end user initiated communications between ’s network and the Internet, including web browsing, instant messaging, file transfer, file sharing, and other standard and proprietary protocols. Server to Server communications, such as SMTP traffic, backups, automated data transfers or database communications are excluded from this policy. 3.0 Policy 3.1 Web Site Monitoring The Information Technology Department shall monitor Internet use from all computers and devices connected to the corporate network. For all traffic the monitoring system must record the source IP Address, the date, the time, the protocol, and the destination site or server. Where possible, the system should record the User ID of the person or account initiating the traffic. Internet...
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...Computer or data network is a telecommunication network allowing computers to exchange data, files and also allow remote computing, that is, giving authorized users the ability to access information stored on other computers found on the same network. This exchange of data is carried through network links which are established between nodes using either cables or wireless media. Most information in computer networks is carried in packets, thus, increasing the difficulty to manage and secure the network from hazards such as security threats. Undesired packets may easily harm the systems. To counter such infected packets, firewall has been implemented with packet filters which check...
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...CIPA: Internet Filtering in Schools and Libraries Minors are being exposed to more adult content today due to the Internet. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was created to prevent children from accessing obscene or harmful content in schools and libraries. Yet there are groups that want to abolish the law because they feel it violates their first amendment rights of freedom of speech. CIPA is trying to protect children from viewing content not intended for them just like an R rated movie is not for children under seventeen years of age. Internet filters are needed in schools and libraries to keep minors from accessing sexually explicit, violent or otherwise adult in nature content. CIPA ("Federal Communications Commission: Children’s Internet Protection Act," 2014) was first passed into law in December of 2000. Schools and libraries that received federal E-Rate funding and discounts must certify that they have internet filtering to prevent minors from viewing obscene or harmful content. “Schools subject to CIPA have two additional certification requirements: 1) their Internet safety policies must include monitoring the online activities of minors; and 2) as required by the Protecting Children in the 21st Century Act, they must provide for educating minors about appropriate online behavior, including interacting with other individuals on social networking websites and in chat rooms, and cyberbullying awareness and response.”("Federal Communications Commission...
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...society as a whole, he makes the argument that one must be careful with it if the United States wishes to maintain a fair democratic form of government. Cass Sunstein is not wrong to be concerned with the power and changes that the advances in technology, especially the Internet, have caused. However, Sunstein has an overly radical view of what must be done, an unrealistic view of the true good, and how that good outweighs the cons brought by this new digital world. The discussion begins with a firm statement of Sunstein’s concerns about the negative affects of the Internet on the liberal democracy intended by America’s Founding Fathers. His principle concerns are the momentous increase in the availability of personalized filtering and the decrease in general-interest intermediaries such as national newspapers and news networks. Both of these concerns are plausible ones, for they truly have changed the way democracy functions and the way that ideas flow in the United States. Filtering today is different than it used to be in the past. Before the Internet and the miraculous capabilities that it introduced, filtering was mostly done by the producers of mass media. The editors decided what information to include or exclude before sharing it with the country. As such, a fair balance between different viewpoints (such as those of the liberal and those of the more conservative) was more likely to be displayed. However, now that...
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...source address spoofing has plagued the Internet for many years. Attackers spoof source addresses to mount attacks and redirect blame. Researchers have proposed many mechanisms to defend against spoofing, with varying levels of success. With the defense mechanisms available today, where do we stand? How do the various defense mechanisms compare? This article first looks into the current state of IP spoofing, then thoroughly surveys the current state of IP spoofing defense. It evaluates data from the Spoofer Project, and describes and analyzes host-based defense methods, router-based defense methods, and their combinations. It further analyzes what obstacles stand in the way of deploying those modern solutions and what areas require further research. Categories and Subject Descriptors: C.2.0 [Computer-Communication Networks]: General— Security and protection General Terms: Performance, Security Additional Key Words and Phrases: IP spoofing, spoofing defense, spoofing packet, packet filtering ACM Reference Format: Ehrenkranz, T. and Li, J. 2009. On the state of IP spoofing defense. ACM Trans. Internet Technol. 9, 2, Article 6 (May 2009), 29 pages. DOI = 10.1145/1516539.1516541 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1516539.1516541 1. INTRODUCTION In today’s Internet, attackers can forge the source address of IP packets to both maintain their anonymity and redirect the blame for attacks. When attackers inject packets with spoofed source addresses into the Internet, routers forward those packets to their...
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...Richman Investments | Richman Internet Infrastructure Security Management Upgrade | ITT Technical Institute NT2580 Course Project | | Jason R Spitler | 5/30/2014 | Based on the premises that Richman has 5000 employees throughout the main office and several branch offices, this document dictates research solutions and details the appropriate access controls including policies, standards, and procedures that define who users are, what they can do, which resources they can access, and which operations they can perform on a system. | Final Project I. Richman Internet Infrastructure Security Management Upgrade A. Purpose Based on the premises that Richman has 5000 employees throughout the main office and several branch offices, this document dictates research solutions and details the appropriate access controls including policies, standards, and procedures that define who users are, what they can do, which resources they can access, and which operations they can perform on a system. II. Basic Authentication Procedures and Standards, (Who users are.) A. Trinity-Three-factor Authentication Method replaces Basic Authentication It is my view the Administrator’s responsibility is to provide secure communications by adding layers of security at all levels to assure the amount of protection for company’s valuable assets. Richman will provide its employees a new method of authentication I call Trinity. It is a three-factor authentication method requiring updated laptops...
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...Shaping the Internet by William H. Dutton Anna Dopatka Michael Hills Ginette Law and Victoria Nash Oxford Internet Institute University of Oxford 1 St Giles Oxford OX1 3JS United Kingdom 19 August 2010 A report prepared for UNESCO’s Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNESCO or its Division for Freedom of Expression, Democracy and Peace. Preface As stated in its Constitution, UNESCO is dedicated to “Promoting the free flow of ideas by word and image”. Part of this mission, therefore, is to promote freedom of expression and freedom of the press through sensitization and monitoring activities, as a central element in building strong democracies, contributing to good governance, promoting civic participation and the rule of law, and encouraging human development and security. Media independence and pluralism are fostered by the Organization, providing advisory services on media legislation and sensitizing governments and parliamentarians, as well as civil society and relevant professional associations. However, UNESCO recognizes that the principle of freedom of expression must apply not only to traditional media, but also to the Internet. Providing an unprecedented volume of resources for information and knowledge...
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...motivations for separately filtering ingress and egress traffic in the enterprise network. Describe separate conditions for both ingress and egress traffic as they transit the network. Discuss: What roles do ingress and egress filtering play in protecting a network? How do protective isolations help to protect a network? Why do we need to separate and isolate the types of traffic? Ingress filtering is the filtering of any IP packets with untrusted source addresses before they have a chance to enter and affect your system or network. It can protect users from malicious attacks based on spoofing, where a hacker attempts to make a packet look like it originated from somewhere else. Internet service providers (ISPs) typically use ingress filtering to defend their customers and an individual home or office network can have additional safety measures in place. One major use for ingress filtering is to combat denial of service (DOS) attacks. These attacks rely on flooding networks with packets, many of which are spoofed to conceal their origins. The network can catch packets an ISP may not have identified as a problem, depending on the type of filtering used. This adds an extra layer of security for individual users, along with other safety measures like scanning incoming information for viruses and other malicious software that may pose a risk to the safety of computer systems or data on the network. It is also possible to compare the spoofing information against known databases to...
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...operators of websites or online services who have actual knowledge that the person from whom they seek information is a child (1) To post prominent links on their websites to a notice of how they collect, use, and/or disclose personal information from children; (2) With certain exceptions, to notify parents that they wish to collect information from their children and obtain parental consent prior to collecting, using, and/or disclosing such information; (3) Not to condition a child's participation in online activities on the provision of more personal information than is reasonably necessary to participate in the activity; (4) To allow parents the opportunity to review and/or have their children's information deleted from the operator’s database and to prohibit further collection from the child; and (5) To establish procedures to protect the confidentiality, security, and integrity of personal information they collect from children. Non-profit sites are not included in the act; however, many are voluntarily complying. The Children's Internet Protection Act went into effect April 20, 2001, requiring that schools and libraries that receive certain types of federal technology funding have safe-use Internet policies. The policies require the use of Internet filtering software to screen material that is inappropriate (obscene) or harmful to minors and the monitoring of student Internet use. Free speech challenges to this law have been made with regard to libraries...
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...CHaPTer Firewall Fundamentals 2 T O SOME NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS, A FIREWALL is the key component of their infrastructure’s security. To others, a fi rewall is a hassle and a barrier to accomplishing essential tasks. In most cases, the negative view of fi rewalls stems from a basic misunderstanding of the nature of fi rewalls and how they work. This chapter will help dispel this confusion. This chapter clearly defi nes the fundamentals of fi rewalls. These include what a fi rewall is, what a fi rewall does, how it performs these tasks, why fi rewalls are necessary, the various fi rewall types, and fi ltering mechanisms. Once you understand these fundamentals of fi rewalls, you will able to look beyond the unschooled opinions, common mythology, and marketing hype surrounding them, and the crucial benefi ts of effective fi rewall architecture will become clear. Like any tool, fi rewalls are useful in solving a variety of particular problems and in supporting essential network security. Chapter 2 Topics This chapter will cover the following topics and concepts: • What a fi rewall is • Why you need a fi rewall • How fi rewalls work and what they do • What the basics of TCP/IP are • What the types of fi rewalls are • What ingress and egress fi ltering is • What the types of fi rewall fi ltering are • What the difference between software and hardware fi rewalls is • What dual-homed and triple-homed fi rewalls...
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...CHaPTer Firewall Fundamentals 2 T O SOME NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS, A FIREWALL is the key component of their infrastructure’s security. To others, a fi rewall is a hassle and a barrier to accomplishing essential tasks. In most cases, the negative view of fi rewalls stems from a basic misunderstanding of the nature of fi rewalls and how they work. This chapter will help dispel this confusion. This chapter clearly defi nes the fundamentals of fi rewalls. These include what a fi rewall is, what a fi rewall does, how it performs these tasks, why fi rewalls are necessary, the various fi rewall types, and fi ltering mechanisms. Once you understand these fundamentals of fi rewalls, you will able to look beyond the unschooled opinions, common mythology, and marketing hype surrounding them, and the crucial benefi ts of effective fi rewall architecture will become clear. Like any tool, fi rewalls are useful in solving a variety of particular problems and in supporting essential network security. Chapter 2 Topics This chapter will cover the following topics and concepts: • What a fi rewall is • Why you need a fi rewall • How fi rewalls work and what they do • What the basics of TCP/IP are • What the types of fi rewalls are • What ingress and egress fi ltering is • What the types of fi rewall fi ltering are • What the difference between software and hardware fi rewalls is • What dual-homed and triple-homed fi rewalls...
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...in most cases, in the only defense of your network from the malicious aspects of the Internet However, this may be one of the most overlooked pieces of software on a home computer. Knowing what to look for in a firewall can greatly help you decide if your firewall is effective, or if one of these free alternatives can help. A firewall works by monitoring Internet traffic that goes into your network. Your network may include the four computers in your house, or it could include just your laptop. Regardless of the size of the network, the fundamental aspects as of your network work the same as just about any network setup in a home today. Traffic going in and our of your network follows certain routes, and will always occur on certain ports. For example, all traffic from your web browser will travel through ports 80 and 443. If you use an email client, you will be using ports 110 and 25. If you use an IMAP connection, port 143 will be used. There are also other services, depending on your operating system, that will open other ports. All of these ports, if left unchecked, could be a back door into your network. There are two main types of firewalls. Software firewalls are programs that run on your computer and nestle themselves between your network card software drivers and your operating system. They intercept attacks before your operating system can even acknowledge them. Many free firewalls of this type exist on the Internet. Another type of firewall system can be a router...
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...firewalls stems from a basic misunderstanding of the nature of firewalls and how they work. This chapter will help dispel this confusion. This chapter clearly defines the fundamentals of firewalls. These include what a firewall is, what a firewall does, how it performs these tasks, why firewalls are necessary, the various firewall types, and filtering mechanisms. Once you understand these fundamentals of firewalls, you will be able to look beyond the unschooled opinions, common mythology, and marketing hype surrounding them, and the crucial benefits of effective firewall architecture will become clear. Like any tool, firewalls are useful in solving a variety of problems and in supporting essential network security. Chapter 2 Topics This chapter covers the following topics and concepts: • What a firewall is • Why you need a firewall • How firewalls work and what they do • What the basics of TCP/IP are • What the types of firewalls are • What ingress and egress filtering is • What the types of firewall filtering are • What the difference between software and hardware firewalls is • What dual-homed and triple-homed firewalls are • What the best placement of a firewall is 43 Chapter 2 Goals When you complete this chapter, you will be able to: • Define firewalls • Explain the need for firewalls • Describe types of firewalls, including network router/interface firewall, hardware appliance firewall, and host software firewall • Explain standard filtering methods, including...
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...veriety of different approaches and algorithms of data filtering and recommendations giving. In this paper we describe traditional approaches and explane what kind of modern approaches have been developed lately. All the paper long we will try to explane approaches and their problems based on a movies recommendations. In the end we will show the main challanges recommender systems come across. II. T RADITIONAL R ECOMMENDER A PPROACHES A. Content-based filtering Content-based recommender systems work with profiles of users that are created at the beginning. A profile has information about a user and his taste. Taste is based on how the user rated items. Generally, when creating a profile, recommender systems make a survey, to get initial information about a user in order to avoid the new-user problem. [2] In the recommendation process, the engine compares the items that were already positively rated by the user with the items he didnt rate and looks for similarities. Those items that are mostly similar to the positively rated ones, will be recommended to the user. Figure 1 shows an example of a user profile with the movies he/she has watched and the ratings the user made. Figure 2 shows the list of movies and their attribute-values. A contentbased recommender system would find out movies from the list (Figure 2) that the user has already watched and positively rated. Then, it would compare those movies with the rest of the movies from the list (Figure 2) and look for similarities. Similar...
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