...Quantitative research methods in educational planning Series editor: Kenneth N.Ross Module John Izard 7 Trial testing and item analysis in test construction UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning Quantitative research methods in educational planning These modules were prepared by IIEP staff and consultants to be used in training workshops presented for the National Research Coordinators who are responsible for the educational policy research programme conducted by the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ). The publication is available from the following two Internet Websites: http://www.sacmeq.org and http://www.unesco.org/iiep. International Institute for Educational Planning/UNESCO 7-9 rue Eugène-Delacroix, 75116 Paris, France Tel: (33 1) 45 03 77 00 Fax: (33 1 ) 40 72 83 66 e-mail: information@iiep.unesco.org IIEP web site: http://www.unesco.org/iiep September 2005 © UNESCO The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without...
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...1. Three major organizations in the private and public sector develop U.S. and international GAAP. They include all of the following except the (Points: 4) EU (European Union) SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) IASB (International; Accounting Standards Board) 2. The purposes of the joint long-term project of the FASB and IASB to converge revenue recognition principles include all of the following except (Points: 4) eliminate inconsistencies in conceptual guidance on revenues replace principle-based accounting with rule-based accounting for revenues establish a single comprehensive standard on revenue recognition fill voids in revenue recognition guidance 3. Certain U.S. accounting standards have been, and will be, amended to aid in the international convergence process. The process of changing these standards usually involves (Points: 4) a short deliberation followed by a vote of the U.S. Congress acceptance of the change by the Internal Revenue Service rejecting all existing standards and developing an entirely new concept selecting the best standard between existing U.S. and international standards 4. Conversion to IFRS reporting by all U.S. companies would be best accomplished with a transition plan for all of the following reasons except (Points: 4) it would have to be a multi-year process it needs to be an orderly process with a minimum of cost and disruption to the participants certain IFRS need further improvement...
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...Material Appendix A Final Project Overview and Timeline Final Project Overview The final project consists of a checkout application. This application—similar to practical programs at many supermarkets—includes the following elements: • Complete requirements analysis • Design • Verification • Validation and test documentation The checkout application is a program that allows users to enter items and totals will be added up and results presented to the user. Requirements The requirements will change for each assignment section. This is because as we go along you will be able to add to the previous assignment using what you have learned during the course. Each assignment will require you to perform analysis and design and testing. We will learn more formal testing in week 6. Final Project Timeline You should budget your time wisely and work on your project throughout the course. As outlined below, some CheckPoints and assignments in the course are designed to assist you in creating your final project. If you complete your course activities and use the feedback provided by the instructor, you will be on the right track to complete your project successfully. □ Suggested in Week One: Read Appendix A regarding the final project overview and timeline. □ Due in Week Two: Initial Application Development □ Due in Week Four: Additional Application Development □ Due in Week Six: Final Application Development and Test Cases □ Suggested...
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...MN 325-final test 1. The Vroom-Yetton Leadership Model—indentify and explain the five decision-making styles. Explain how three of the situational factors affect the degree of involvement by subordinates. The question will indicate which factors to explain and a general response is expected. ∙ Autocratic I (AI)—a manger solves a problem using the information that is already available ∙ Autocratic II (AII)—a manager obtains additional information from subordinates and then solves the problem ∙ Consultative I (CI)—a manager shares the problem with subordinate on an individual basis and obtain their ideas and suggestions. Again, the manager chooses a solution to the problem at hand ∙ Consultative II (CII)—a manger shares the problem with subordinates as a group. The final decision may or may not reflect subordinate input ∙ Group (G)—a manager meets with subordinates as a group. However, the manager acts as a chairperson who focuses on directs discussions, but does not impose his or her will on the group. True subordinates’ participation, in a democratic sense, is sought. ∙ Situational factors: o (A)—does the problem posses a quality requirement? o (B)—Do I have sufficient information to make a high-quality decision? o (C) –Is the problem structured? o (D)—Is acceptance of the decision by subordinates important for effective implementation? o (E)—If I were to make the decision by myself, am I reasonably certain that it would be...
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...based on the activity and the on the week. The final budget has been calculated based on the phases. The detailed information is as follows: Time and Cost: Phase | Activities | Tasks | Deliverables | Dates | Cost | Project Requirements | Develop Business Requirements. | Collect Requirements from client and register a domain name.Draft the proceedings and document them.Produce a final version of the Business Requirements.(User Signoff) | Preliminary Business Requirements | 6/16/2014 | $360 | | Develop Technical Requirements. | User need to fill the form and register.Provide security by using secure pages such as HTTPS.Estimate hosting space for website.Identify appropriate website development platform and suggest to the client.Draft the proceedings and document them.Produce a final version of the Technical Requirements.(User Signoff) | Preliminary Technical Requirements. | 6/23/2014 | $400 | | Develop User requirements. | Collect required webpages names.Collect menu navigation requirements.Collect Access Requirements from client. | User Requirements. | 06/30/2014 | $160 | | | Draft the proceedings and document them.Produce a final version of the User Requirements.(User Signoff) | | | | Website Development | Develop Front end of website. | Establish Design of the Website.Create Design Elements.Develop overall layout.Assign content elements to webpages.Draft the proceedings and document them.Produce a final version of the Front end. (User Signoff) | Front...
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...BUSINESS 111 Non-BBA NEW VENTURE PROJECT Introduction The New Venture Project will test your group’s ability to: perform independent research and write a formal business report, make a formal presentation of your findings, and manage the time and skills of your group members. The objective of this assignment is to persuade your audience/potential investors that you have identified an opportunity that fills an important gap in the market. You are asked to identify an idea for a new venture and conduct an environmental analysis (PEST, Five Forces, size of market) to prove that your idea is worth funding. Essentially, you are answering two questions: What is your idea and why does it represent a worthwhile opportunity in the business environment? This project is worth 20 marks of your BU111 final grade and consists of three components: • 4 marks for the New Venture Preliminary Report (hard copy due BEFORE Friday, October 12th at 12 noon; turnitin and peer evaluations due BEFORE Friday, October 12th at 12 midnight • 10 marks for the Final Report (hard copy due BEFORE Friday, November 16th at 12 noon and turnitin and peer evaluations BEFORE Friday, November 16th at 12 midnight) • 6 marks for the New Venture Presentations (done in Labs #10 or #11 as assigned by TA – peer evaluations due BEFORE Wednesday, December 5th at 12 midnight) Details on what is required and how to complete and submit each of the above components are provided below...
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...thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something Sentence- I predict that tomorrow when I go down the hill on my skateboard that I will fall, so I will won’t go. Reason- (n) A statement presented in justification or explanation of a belief or action. Sentence- The student gave the principal a reason why he talked back to his teacher. Record- (v) Set down in writing or some other permanent form for later reference, esp. officially Sentence- We recorded the notes so that I could use them on my test later in the year. Relationship - (n) a connection, association, or involvement Sentence- The relationship between those two people is brother and sister Research – (v) to search or investigate exhaustively Sentence- I researched the problem in the investigation to find out what happened. Resolution – (n) The act of resolving or determining upon an action or course of action, method, procedure, etc. Sentence- The final resolution on the argument between the two students was that they both got suspended. Respond- (v) To reply or answer in words Sentence- The student responded to the teacher because he was called on to answer the...
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...you felt prepared for a test. Tell a true story with specific details about what you did to prepare for the test, and how it felt to be prepared on the day of the test. Accomplished Has there ever been a time in your life that you felt so accomplishment, which at the time any bad news that were to come your way it couldn’t bring you down? Or a time when you went into something, such as a test, not knowing how you’re going to do and then come out of it feeling better than ever before? This happened to me when I took my math final on January 31, 2013. The thing that amazed me the most is who would have known studying actually helped. The three things that truly got me a good grade on the final was making a study schedule, start as soon as possible, how I prepared myself the day of the final and how I felt. The way I prepared for this final test was truly the key to my success. It all started a week before the final. I planned out how I was going to study for this test. The first step for me was to make a study schedule, time management is the key to studying. This truly got me out of making sure that nothing collapsed on top of each other, with my varsity soccer schedule and personal life, I was able to avoid a Sunday night, and 1 am cram session. Since this test was going to decide whether I pass or fail the course, I planned to study over the course of a week, not just one night. There were 11 units that I was responsible of knowing for the final. These 11 units were solving...
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...Failure Costs both internal and external. Appraisal costs relate to the costs of ensuring quality and for uncovering defects. These costs are related to inspections, testing, test equipment, labs, quality audits, and field testing. Prevention costs include both planning and administrative systems, interaction with vendors, training, quality control procedures, and emphasis on design. Failure costs are broken into two subcategories, Internal and External failure. Internal failures include defective material, incorrect machine settings, carelessness, and mishandling of materials. External failure is associated with defective products or poor service provided to the customer. Appraisal costs and quality considerations for Widget 3.0 production Analysis indicates 45% of the final cost of the product is attributable to inspection, testing, and quality audits. This portion of the cost is broken down into 80% to inspection of materials received from vendors, 15% quality audit of the final product, and 5% testing of each component of Widget 3.0. Prevention costs associated with Widget 3.0 35% of the final costs are considered Preventative in nature. 75% are administrative systems and planning with the remaining 25% split between training and quality control. Failure costs related to Widget 3.0 The final 20% of the overall costs associated with the production of Widget 3.0 are divided between Internal and External failure. 80% of these failure costs are directly attributable...
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.... Develop accurate job descriptions. Your first step is to make sure you have an effective job description for each position in your company. Your job descriptions should reflect careful thought as to the roles the individual will fill, the skill sets they'll need, the personality attributes that are important to completing their tasks, and any relevant experience that would differentiate one applicant from another. 2. Compile a "success profile." In addition to creating job descriptions, it's important to develop a "success profile" of the ideal employee for key positions in your company that are critical to the execution of your business plan. These might include such positions as team leaders, district managers and salespeople. For example, let's say you currently have 20 salespeople. Within that group, you have four that are top performers, 12 that are middle-of-the-road and four that aren't quite making the grade. If you could bump the number of folks in the top group from 20 percent to 33 percent, that could have a dramatic impact on your company's performance. To accomplish that goal, you need to profile everyone in the sales group to identify any skills and attributes that are common to the top group but missing from the other groups. Using this information, you'll be able to develop a profile to help you select the candidates most likely to succeed in that position. Remember, you can't tell if you've found a match if you're not matching candidates against a specific...
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...main designer and Head of R&D group. The first step of Delegation is Assign responsibility. Since Ben has better has experience in conducting customer research, he should be assigned for Head of R&D. There will be one co-worker in this group to support Ben in making survey and sum-up the result, which is expected to show customer’s taste for computer component. Michael will in charge of Main designer due to his professional skill. Two chosen engineers will assist him in order to build up the most possible designs with the lowest cost. Three designers (including Michael) will work co-op on pointing out the key feature of products, calculate the possibility of their work, estimate material cost and giving out the final designs. The two last members of the group will test the sample products to check for errors and report back to the designers; this will guarantee the perfection of...
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...Broadly speaking these are the steps. Of course these may vary slightly depending on the type of problem, data, tools available etc. 1. Problem definition - The first step is to of course understand the business problem. What is the problem you are trying to solve – what is the business context? Very often however your client may also just give you a whole lot of data and ask you to do something with it. In such a case you would need to take a more exploratory look at the data. Nevertheless if the client has a specific problem that needs to be tackled, then then first step is to clearly define and understand the problem. You will then need to convert the business problem into an analytics problem. I other words you need to understand exactly what you are going to predict with the model you build. There is no point in building a fabulous model, only to realise later that what it is predicting is not exactly what the business needs. 2. Data Exploration - Once you have the problem defined, the next step is to explore the data and become more familiar with it. This is especially important when dealing with a completely new data set. 3. Data Preparation – Now that you have a good understanding of the data, you will need to prepare it for modelling. You will identify and treat missing values, detect outliers, transform variables, create binary variables if required and so on. This stage is very influenced by the modelling technique you will use at the next stage. For example, regression...
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...Final Design Project The final design was a combination of a month’s worth of creativity, ingenuity, hard work and most importantly, team work. Although the preliminary design was determined to be mostly unusable, we did gain a vast amount of knowledge which was critical to the final design of our project. The first portion of the project was tasked with catching all of the marbles as they were going to be dropped all at once. Our goal was to create a mechanism which would all for the balls to be sent through the project one by one as we believed that this would allow for more efficient and more accurate sorting. Thankfully, we were able to use the same design for the ball delivery system as in the preliminary design as the entire team was very pleased with how well it worked. The final design for the mechanism was built on a cardboard shoe box which was flipped...
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...1) The four traditional functions of management include planning, organizing, leading, and service. A. True B. False 2) The key management functions include: A. Planning, leading, controlling, and organizing B. Planning, operations, labor, and contracting C. Hiring, training, appraising, and firing D. Marketing, finance, accounting, and production 3) Building a dynamic organization is another way of describing which function of management? A. Planning B. Controlling C. Leading D. Organizing 4) Amy Jane, a new manager at C & D Grooming, has been asked to focus on the competitive environment of the organization. Which of these factors is among those Amy Jane should focus on? A. Government policies B. Technology C. Suppliers D. Demographics 5) Organizations that are affected by and that affect their environment are called ____________. A. inputs B. macroenvironment C. open systems D. outputs 6) Specific government organizations in a firm's immediate task environment are called ______________. A. substitutes B. economic indicators C. regulators D. new entrants 7) The assignment of additional responsibilities to a subordinate is referred to as: A. Pandering B. Span of control C. Delegation D. Centralization 8) A clear advantage of the product form of departmentalization is that task responsibilities...
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...I used to play soccer for a club,just for recreational purposes,in fact i was one of the cofounders of the team. The team we assembled was a mixture of young and old, and for this reason we were the laughing stock of the league, because all other teams were made up solely of young players, who were exceptionally talented. The team ended up on the wrong side of the score for the first few games we played, and got nicknamed the “whopping boys”. Eventually we grew tired of the nickname and of our performances on the field, and we decided to try and improve things, first thing we did was to elect a leader for the club. Even though i didnʼt want the job, i was voted into the position, and as the president it was my duty to represent my team when the league called for club meetings. At the time we were all students, so it was decided that we would all contribute towards any and all expenses,but unfortunately when you dealing with a blend of young and old, things donʼt always go according to plan, people constantly made up excuses for not showing up for practice, or for not contributing towards our equipment. Even though it wasnʼt my duty, i took it upon myself to ensure that every single player showed up for practice, i used to drive up to the houses of all those who didnʼt have any transportation. It was a tiring job, but i realized that if i wanted the team to be successful, i had to make certain sacrifices, some of which included taking money out of my own pocket...
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