...Definitions for Finance FIN/370 February 24, 2014 Finance Definitions Finance – Is the study of people and business invest and raise capital to fund them. It is the study of how it addresses the following: 1. What long-term investments should the firm undertake?This area of finance is generally referred to as capital budgeting. 0 2. How should the firm raise money to fund these investments?The firm’s funding choices are generally referred to as capital structure decisions. 3. How can the firm best manage its cash flows as they arise in its day-to-day operations?This area of finance is generally referred to as working capital management. The principle of finance is the following: Principle 1: Money Has a Time Value A dollar received today is worth more than a dollar received in the future. Conversely, a dollar received in the future is worth less than a dollar received today. Principle 2: There Is a Risk-Return Tradeoff We won’t take on additional risk unless we expect to be compensated with additional return. Principle 3: Cash Flows Are the Source of Value Cash flow measures the amount of cash that can actually be taken...
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...Finance- The study of how people and business evaluate investments and raise capital to fund them. * Efficient market- a market in which prices correctly reflects all relevant information. * Primary market- is a market in which new, as opposed to previously issued, securities are bought and sold for the first time. * Secondary market- is where all subsequent trading of previously issued securities takes place. * Risk- Return on total investment, the degree of uncertainty of return on an asset. * Security- A negotiable instrument that represents a financial claim. It can take the form of ownership (stocks) or debt agreement. * Stock- Ownership of a corporation indicated by shares, which represent a piece of the corporation’s assets and earnings. * Bond- A long term 10 years or more, promissory note issued by a borrower, promising to pay the owner of the security a predetermined amount of interest each year. * Capital- Refers to the way a firm finances its assets using a combination of debt and equity. * Debt- A measures of the proportion of the firm’s assets that were financed by borrowing or debt financing. * Yield- describes the amount in cash that returns to the owners of a security. * Rate of return- the amount of revenue an investment generates over a given period of time as percentage of the amount of capital invested. Rate of return shows the amount of time it will take to recovers one’s investment. ...
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...Individual Assignment: Defining Financial Terms • Resource: Financial Management: Principles and Applications • Define the following terms and identify their roles in finance: Finance- A branch of economics concerned with resource allocation as well as resource management, acquisition and investment. Basically, finance deals with matters related to money and the markets. Efficient market- When the information that investors need to make investment decisions is widely available, thoroughly analyzed, and regularly used, the result is an efficient market. This is the case with securities traded on the major US stock markets. That means the price of a security is a clear indication of its value at the time it is traded. Primary market- The primary market is the market for new securities issues. In the primary market the security is purchased directly from the issuer. Secondary market- A secondary market is where investors purchase securities or assets from other investors, rather than from issuing companies. The national exchanges - such as the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ are secondary markets. Risk- Risk is defined as the variability of returns from an investment, the greater the variability (in dividend fluctuation or security price, for example), the greater the risk. Security- Security is collateral offered by a debtor to a lender to secure a loan. For instance, the security behind a mortgage loan is the real estate...
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...1. Primary markets: Markets that sell new issues if securities. 2. IPO: First public issue of a financial instrument by a firm. 3. Investment bank: Financial institution that arrange primary market transactions for business. 4. T bills: Short term US government obligations. 5. Money markets: Market that trade debt instruments with maturities of less than one year. 6. Capital markets: More than one year. 7. Liquidity: The ease with which an asset can be converted into cash. 8. Price risk: Asset sale price will be lower than its purchase price. 9. Nominal interest rates: Interests rates observed in financial markets. 10. Real interest rates: Interest rate on a default free security if no inflation is expected. 11. Default risk: Security issuer might miss or be late in payments. 12. Unbiased expectations: Structure of interest rates reflects the market´s expectations of future short term rates. 13. Market segmentation: Individual investors and financial institutions have specific maturity preferences. 14. Bond: Public traded debt. 15. Par value: Face value of a bond, principal. 16. Coupon rate: Interest rate of a bond. 17. Call: Issuer redeeming bond before scheduled maturity date. 18. TIPS: Treasury inflation protected securities. 19. Zero coupon bond: Bond that pays no interest. 20. Tax equivalent yield: Modification to a muni bond yield to compare to a corporate bond. 21. Yield to maturity: Total return on a bond held to maturity. 22. Debentures: Unsecured...
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...University of Phoenix Material Definitions Define the following terms using your text or other resources. Cite all resources consistent with APA guidelines. |Term |Definition |Resource you used | |Time value of money |This term is basically talking about how money|Titman, S., Keown, A. J., & Martin, J. D. (2014). Financial | | |is worth more in the present time than in the |Management (12th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook | | |future. |Collection database. | |Efficient market |The efficient market term is a concept that |Titman, S., Keown, A. J., & Martin, J. D. (2014). Financial | | |all trading opportunities are fairly priced. |Management (12th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook | | |Also its the idea that the market cant be |Collection database. | | |beat, and that it is fair. | | |Primary versus secondary |Primary Market: Financial market where new |Titman,...
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...Section I: Goals and Responsibilities Step 1 - Mission Statement of the Credit Function Definition The mission statement is the statement of purpose. What is your department trying to accomplish? The mission is not a statement of your goals. Your goals are put into place to support the mission. The mission statement describes in what ways you are supporting or interacting in the overall company's mission. It defines your role in the unified vision. Illustration A Company with high margins and an aggressive sales growth target may have a mission statement like this: The mission of the Gorman Inc. credit department is to facilitate an annualized 20% growth in top line performance by assisting in the sales process. The credit department's role is to develop strong customer relationships by granting aggressive but appropriate credit limits and terms, easing the establishment of new accounts by processing applications quickly while protecting the margins by managing risk of loss represented by fraud, failure or severe delinquency Developing a Mission Statement Before a mission statement can be adequately defined, a general understanding of the environment or market in which your company operates must be obtained. In developing the mission statement, there needs to be a basic understanding of the following: A) B) C) D) E) F) Nature of the Marketplace Competition Location of your Customers Growth Plans Margins Internal Company Structure Exploring these areas will ensure...
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...country at both a paid and volunteer basis for their operations. I have, in fact, been one such volunteer contributor for the in-game content of one of their long-standing game releases which features regular content updates. This should allow me insight to provide greater detail, or at least know whom to contact and ask relevant questions about operations. 2. Review definitions of operations management from your reference text and at least two other print sources, and apply the definition to three different types of organization, e.g., food service, manufacturing, and office workers. Briefly compare operations in these to your selected organization. From Operations Management written by William Stevenson and Mehram Hojati, operations management is defined as “the management of direct resources that are required to produce and deliver value via the organization’s goods and services”. Meanwhile, our course text has Jay Heizer and Barry Render alter that definition into “the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs.” Neither definition is exclusive to the other, yet the wording of each allows for slightly different applications of the same root term of operations management. Looking towards a more generalized and accepted version, Investopedia provides a both a...
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...it is being loved, the other is being loved because it is such as to be loved.” There were plenty of gods in time of Socrates and Euthyphro but what is liked or disliked by gods was decided by man.When Socrates and Euthyphro encountered in the court, the first thing they asked was "Why he is here?".Socrates was charged by being impious and Euthyphro was charging his father because his father did something impious.In this case, what Socrates did was not believing what all people believe and this action was considered as impiety but, Euthyphro was sending his father to death because his father killed somebody and what Euthyphro was doing is considered as the right thing, even if his father commited crime.In the dialogue we see how the definition of piety and impiety changes from beginning to end of the dialogue.To analyze the question and to understand the difference between god-loved and piety, we should handle the situations from both Socrates' and Euthyphro's point of view. Firstly, Socrates was prosecuted, indicted in his words, because of being impious."An action or a man dear to the gods is...
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...This short paper will cover the trait of independence, and it will answer a few questions posed to look at the trait of independence from a few different angles. These angles include personal definitions of the trait and how a person should be able to demonstrate that trait. The paper will cover how the AICPA looks at Independence, how the State of Texas vies this trait, and a look at a current article showing the impacts of the trait independence. Upon the conclusion of this paper the reader will have a better understanding of how independence in accounting is defined and how to identify it As we see defined in our class text on page 162 is that independence is defined as, "the state of mind that permits the performance of an attest service without being affected by influences that compromise professional judgment, thereby allowing an individual to act with integrity and professional skepticism. To appear to be independent, the CPA should avoid circumstances that might cause an informed third party to reasonably conclude that the integrity, objectivity, or professional skepticism of a firm or member of the audit (attest) engagement team has been compromised." Within the frame work of my own personal definition I define independence as having the ability to have both the personal courage and institutional ability to analyze, state conclusions, and act in the best interests of the public. As pulled from http://www.tsbpa.state.tx.us/firms/alt-business-structure.html on...
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...Logos which he defines as the Being of all beings, One, One which is all, Life.” As previously stated, this is a very cryptic definition that takes much deeper thought than simply reading off the page. Despite being cryptic, this vague definition gives a strong guideline to the basic idea of philosophy while still giving the reader an opportunity to interpret the definition in their own way. This definition shines light on both the basic idea of philosophy while also showing that everyone will interpret philosophy in their own way. By saying that philosophy is the One which is all, it shows that each individual person makes up a greater being which is Life. Each individual person provides their own interpretation based on their own lifestyle and past. Therefore, philosophy is the sum of all lives that can only be defined with the sum of everybody’s views and opinions. With this is mind, philosophy will be ever changing as people grow older and more people are brought into the world. What is most important about this definition is that it is timeless. This definition can be interpreted by anyone from any background and any time in history. So, although the language is very cryptic, it can still be interpreted from anyone and is a solid core principle to think about and to base their own interpretation on. It by no means gives us the full definition of philosophy, but is a great idea to work off of for all...
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...Definition of marketing One could pose a simple request like “Define Marketing” and you would have a barrage of answers as unique as the individual defining the word. For this paper I will present two definitions, as well as present my personal definition or understanding of the marketing. To begin, Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines marketing as “the process or technique of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service” (Merriam-Webster, 2012). This definition is clear and pretty simple to comprehend. Next, the class textbook, Marketing Management, defines marketing as “the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals” (Kotler, 2012). This definition lends a more academic view, but still is comprehendible and simply stated. After reading and reviewing the above definitions, I have come to my own personal definition. Marketing, as defined by Carla Posey, is the process which encompasses everything involved with the purchasing and selling of services and goods. This includes all work and research to effectively satisfy the needs and wants of the consumer. Importance of Marketing Marketing is important because it is the little voice to the consumer that says “hello, I know you need me and I want to give it to you”. A successful company has caught your attention and you have shown appreciation by buying into that brand. This is...
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...barriers to entry. How to apply the resource based view: Definitons: It resources include all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge etc. controlled by a firm that will help its efficiency. This will be broken down into human, physical and organization resources. A sustained competitive advantage when it is implementing a value creating strategy not simulteously being implemented by any current or potential competitor and when these other firms are unable to duplicate the benefit of this strategy. Not on calendar time. Critique * Priem and Butlers critique to 1991 paper states it is tautological (it is true in all possible interpretations). That’s its primary assertions are true by definition, and, thus not subject to empirical tests. Can also be said about Porters assertions between the relationship between industry attractiveness and firm performance can be reduced in tautology by observing that firms in attractive industry’s will outperform firms in unattractive industries and by defining industry attractiveness in terms of the ability for firms to outperform well. Not only does positioning and...
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...answer. When first working with a client, I ask, “What is your definition of your leadership?” Invariably, a pause follows. The eventual response is sometimes tentative, confused, or incomplete. This happens with new and experienced leaders, in large companies and in start-ups. Only a few people have a solid answer. Not many leaders have a clear, concise, concrete definition of what being a leader means to them. The eminent leadership scholar Ralph Stogdill observed, “There are nearly the same number of leadership definitions as there are people who have attempted to define it.” Here are just a few perspectives: * “The first job of a leader is to define a vision for the organization…the capacity to translate vision into reality.” (Warren Bennis) * “Leadership is a series of behaviors rather than a role for heroes.” (Margaret Wheatley) * “Leadership: the art of getting someone else to do something that you want done because he wants to do it.” (Dwight D. Eisenhower) It is no wonder then, that a ready answer is not on the lips of every leader. But the lack of a compelling, individual definition can be a serious defect. Why Define Your Leadership? When asked, “Why should I have a definition for my leadership?” I answer, “What is the cost of not understanding the foundation of your leadership? What is the cost of not knowing your core? If you do not define your leadership, who will?” A definition provides meaning; meaning reveals purpose; and meaning and purpose...
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...Race is a term that describes a group of people with similar descent. I believe race is determined physical specifications such as color, language, eye shape, or even things such as blood types. Human beings as a whole are described as the “human race;” I believe this to be an accurate definition as human beings (despite color, language, or any other physical characteristics) are all the same. Genetically speaking, we are all made up of the same “parts.” The term “race” is an all-encompassing statement used to define a large group, overall. Ethnicity defines the background of a particular person or thing. This term encompasses many backgrounds and associations. Foods can be “ethnic” if they originate or are commonly consumed in a specific country or region. The same applies to human beings. One’s ethnicity may be determined by his or her birthplace, religion, of beliefs. Ethnicity does not define physical characteristics, but rather backgrounds and traits. The United States is a melting pot. This country is made up of thousands and thousands of different people from different places. The USA is home to many ethnic backgrounds; however, the population (in my opinion) is a single “race.” We are all humans, as I have previously stated. Although our ethnic backgrounds may differ in many different ways, all in all, we are one race. This is important to bear in mind. Heritage should always be recognized, as it typically is in the United States. But acknowledging the vast backgrounds...
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...Kwame Anthony Appiah’s essay, “Race, Culture, Identity” revolves around the words mentioned in the title, and how each one of their definitions are misunderstood and mistaken for one another. He works his way towards clarifying what each one means, using various concepts, examples and references to the words of historical figures. Two of the concepts used to identify what a race was were the ideational meaning and referential meaning. Out of the two, ideational meaning is one where one cannot get a clear definition about what a certain word or object is, however, all the facts presented about it still hold true. “The simplest theory would also require that if we collected together all these criterial beliefs about race and took them all together, they could be thought of as defining the meaning of the word, “race.” (This is equivalent to saying that there are things that have to be true of something if it is to be a race – conditions necessary are, when taken together, sufficient for being a race.) We can use a device invented by the English philosopher Frank Ramsey in the 1920s to make this an explicit definition: something is a race just in case all the criterial beliefs are true of it. Lets call this the “strict criterial theory.” (Appiah 104) Appiah had stated earlier, right before this quotation, that criterial beliefs “define the concept” that one is talking about. For example, if a person was talking about a laptop, certain points or descriptions such as “it needs...
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