...Government of Bangladesh, however, necessarily endorses any or all of the views expressed in these Papers. The latter reflect views based on professional analysis carried out by the research staff of Bangladesh Bank, and hence the usual caveat as to the veracity of research reports applies. [An electronic version of this paper is available at www.bangladeshbank.org.bd] Non-Bank Financial Institutions in Bangladesh: An Analytical Review Md. Nehal Ahmed∗ and Mainul Islam Chowdhury∗ Abstract Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFIs) in Bangladesh are gaining increased popularity in recent times. Though the major business of most NBFIs is leasing some are also diversifying into other lines of business like term lending, housing finance, merchant banking,...
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...An investor recently purchased a corporate bond that yields 9%. The investor is in the 36% combined federal and state tax bracket. What is the bond’s after-tax yield? (2-2) Corporate bonds issued by Johnson Corporation currently yield 8%. Municipal bonds of equal risk currently yield 6%. At what tax rate would an investor be indifferent between these two bonds? (2-3) Molteni Motors Inc. recently reported $6 million of net income. Its EBIT was $13 million, and its tax rate was 40%. What was its interest expense? ( Hint: Write out the headings for an income statement, and then fill in the known values. Then divide $6 million net income by 1 − T = 0.6 to find the pre-tax income. The difference between EBIT and taxable income must be the interest expense. Use this procedure to work some of the other problems.) (2-4) Talbot Enterprises recently reported an EBITDA of $8 million and net income of $2.4 million. It had $2.0 million of interest expense, and its corporate tax rate was 40%. What was its charge for depreciation and amortization? (2-5) Kendall Corners Inc. recently reported net income of $3.1 million and depreciation of $500,000. What was its net cash flow? Assume it had no amortization expense. (2-6) In its most recent financial statements, Del-Castillo Inc. reported $70 million of net income and $900 million of retained earnings. The previous retained earnings were $855 million. How much in dividends did the firm pay to shareholders during the...
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...Lecture 7: Valuation of Shares (Fundamental Analysis) Introduction Fundamental Analysis It helps us determine the value of a share by studying the intrinsic factors such as earnings potential, dividend growth, required rate of return, and factors relating to company, the industry, and the economy. Analysis of a company’s financial data helps us to predict the movement of that company's stock price. A potential (or current) investor uses fundamental analysis to examine a company’s operations and the market in which the company is operating to understand the stability and growth potential of that company. Company factors to examine include the dividends that company issues, the way a company manages its cash, the amount of debt a company has, and the growth of a company's costs and income. Fundamental analysis adherents believe a company’s “intrinsic value” will be eventually be reflected in the stock price through market forces, but that, while the market is efficient, some stocks (for any number of reasons) are either over- or under-valued in the short run. However, some experts suggest that a monkey throwing darts at the financial pages of a newspaper may do just as well. (see efficient market hypothesis and random walk hypothesis) Technical Analysis The study of price action in securities markets helps us determine the value of a share by many different methods and tools, but they all rely on the same principles, such as studying patterns of price movement, trends, and transaction...
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...cost of financing this spending is now higher, and consumers would be less likely to purchase a house or a car because the cost of financing their purchase is higher. 3- How can a change in interest rates affect the profitability of financial institutions? A change in interest rates affects the cost of acquiring funds for financial institution as well as changes the income on assets such as loans, both of which affect profits. In addition, changes in interest rates affect the price of assets such as stock and bonds that the financial institution owns that can lead to profits or losses. 4- Is everybody worse off when interest rates rise? No. People who borrow to purchase a house or a car are worse off because it costs them more to finance their purchase; however, savers benefit because they can earn higher interest rates on their savings. 5- What effect might a fall in stock prices have on business investment? The lower price for a firm’s shares means that it can raise a smaller amount of funds, and so investment in plant and equipment will fall. 6- What effect might a rise in stock prices have on consumers’ decisions to spend? Higher stock prices mean that consumers’ wealth is higher and so they will be more likely to increase their spending. 7- How does a decline in the value of pound sterling affect British consumers? It makes foreign goods more expensive and so British consumers will buy less foreign goods and more domestic goods....
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...How can you quantify currency risk in a floating exchange rate system? 2. Why might it be hard to quantify currency risk in a target zone system or a pegged exchange rate system? 3. What is likely to be the most credible exchange rate system? 4. How can a central bank create money? 5. What are official international reserves of the cen-tral bank? 6. What is likely to happen if a central bank suddenly prints a large amount of new money? 7. What is the effect of a foreign exchange interven-tion on the money supply? How can a central bank offset this effect and still hope to influence the exchange rate? 8. How can a central bank peg the value of its cur-rency relative to another currency? 9. Describe two channels through which foreign exchange interventions may affect the value of the exchange rate. 10. What was the Bretton Woods currency system? 11. How do developing countries typically manage to keep currencies pegged at values that are too high? Who benefits from such an overvalued currency? Who is hurt by an overvalued currency? 12. What are the potential benefits of a pegged cur-rency system? 13. Describe two different currency systems that have been introduced in countries such as Hong Kong and Ecuador to improve the credibility of pegged exchange rate systems. 14. What is the difference between a target zone and a crawling peg? 15. How can central banks defend their currency—for...
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...SCHOOL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES LAW OF BANKING AND FINANCE The essay: Each student must write an essay on: “Will the new “twin –peaks” structure of bank regulation ensure that banking crises will be a thing of the past?” Analyse the new structure introduced by the Financial Services Act 2012 and the approach to be taken by the regulators in regulating banks in the UK. In particular, consider whether the new regulations will make the system more resilient. 12 noon p.m. on 1st April. Submission date: -Your essay must be submitted via Succeed only, by no later than Word count: The essay should not exceed word count, excluding references, 2500-3000 words footnotes, endnotes, and bibliography. You are required to provide a word count. Students who exceed this limit by more than 10% may be awarded a lower grade. The specific aim of the essay is to assess your ability to analyse current issues in banking law, through effective research and writing. In doing so you should demonstrate your skills to : integrate information and materials from a variety of different sources produce a substantially accurate synthesis of relevant doctrinal and policy issues. make a critical judgement of the merits of particular arguments. act independently and with minimal guidance in planning and undertaking tasks. undertake independent research with minimal guidance. understand and make proficient use of the English language in writing in relation to legal matters. present knowledge...
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...Islamic Modes of Finance Theory and Key Shariah Principles Modes Of Finance • Two are ideal modes which provide an alternative to interest banking and if implemented on a national level will result in much fairer distribution of wealth in society 1. Mushaarakah – رآ (equity finance) 2. Mudhaarabah - ر (equity finance - sleeping partner) • Two are not ideal as they replicate the effects of conventional banking but nevertheless are tolerated in Shariah 3. Ijaarah - ( إ رةleasing) 4. Muraabahah - ( اcost plus pricing) We will also briefly analyse Salam - , Istisnaa‘ – ع Tawarruq – رق اand 1 Mushaarakah • “Mushaarakah” literally means sharing • “Mushaarakah” is derived from “shirkah” which means “being a partner”. • Mushaarakah is “a joint enterprises formed for conducting business in which all partners share the profit according to an agreed ratio while the loss is shared according to the ratio of investment” • It is an ideal alternative for interest based financing with far reaching effects on the economy. Types of Shirkah SHIRKAH SHIRKAT-UL-MILK joint ownership SHIRKAT-UL-‘AQD joint enterprise OPTIONAL via joint purchase NON OPTIONAL inheritance SHIRKATUL-AMWAAL SHIRKATUL-‘AMAL SHIRKATUL-WUJOOH mushaarakah Mushaarakah • The term Mushaarakah has been introduced recently by those who have written on the subject of Islamic modes of financing • It is normally restricted to a particular type of “Shirkah”, i.e. Shirkat-ul-amwaal...
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...Introduction The aim of this report is to create an awareness of the interest rate which impacts the company. Moreover, the bank recommendations are evaluated whereby interest rate risk is exposed to the bank. There is a recommendation of a rate cut on loans by the bank board along with the growth of loan revenue and thus profit. We have also discussed the strategy to cover any decline in net worth using futures. Our bank, Make Life Easier (MLE) Bank involving the members with their respective ID which are Kok Yee Won (3889479), Lee Choi Yoong (3889459), Ng Mun Yi (3889480) and Sia Cui Lin (3889481). Interest Rates Bank profit is influenced by the changes in interest rates When interest rate rises, bank portfolio managers can expect changes on both asset and liability sides of their balance sheets (Flannery 1980). Bank revenues and costs will adjust to reflect the new level of interest rates at different speeds, depending on each bank’s collection of assets and liabilities (Flannery 1980). The asset side, an increase in interest rates may increase the amount of income a bank may earn on new assts it acquires (Flannery 1980). Assets were liquidated and mature over time with the proceeds of gradually being reinvested at the new higher interest rates (Flannery 1980). Many bank loans were carrying an interest rate that can change before the loan mature such as business loans (Flannery 1980). Whereas in the liability side, the impact of the interest rate changes on bank...
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...4/12/2012 LOGO UNIT 1 The fundamentals of financial activity Lecturer: Nguyen Thanh Nhan OUTLINE OF THE LECTURE Features and users of a financial system Advantages of using a financial system The financial system and the real economy Features and users of a financial system A financial system consists of Financial institutions Financial markets End users of the markets and institutions Regulatory authorities 1 4/12/2012 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Deposit-taking institutions •Banks •Building societies •Credit unions •Friendly societies Principal liabilities are deposits Non-deposit-taking institutions •Insurance companies •Investment banks •Pension funds •Unit trusts and OEICs •Investment trusts Principal liabilities are not deposits FINANCIAL SERVICES Financial intermediation provided by all financial institutions Insurance and pensions provided by insurance companies and pension funds Payments provided by banks and building societies Portfolio adjustment provided by unit trusts, open-ended investment companies (OEICs) and investment trusts FINANCIAL MARKETS Definition: Financial markets are markets in which funds are transferred from those who have excess funds (savers, lenders) to those who have a shortage (investors, borrowers). Structure: Debt and Stock Markets Primary and Secondary Markets Money and Capital Markets 2 4/12/2012 DEBT AND STOCK MARKETS Debt market: the market for trading debt instruments...
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...You are responsible for costing foreign exchange transactions in a local firm. You found following foreign exchange (FX) rate quotations. Published by a local bank in Australia Exchange rate | Bid | Ask | AUD/USD | 1.2324 | 1.2632 | AUD/GBP | 2.0084 | 2.0846 | AUD/EUR | 1.7259 | 1.7921 | Published by a local branch of a foreign bank in Australia Exchange rate | Bid | Ask | BND/AUD | 1.1998 | 1.1310 | JPY/AUD | 77.2000 | 74.1300 | You are required to estimate * bid and ask spreads for each currency unit * AUD value of USD100,000 receipts from a US customer * AUD value of GBP723,000 payments * the total amount of EUR that can be purchased using AUD 2, 000,000 to settle a import bill. * AUD value of BND450,234 receipts from a customer in Brunei * AUD amount to settle JPY 2.5 million on import transaction. Use FX quotations given below to estimate AUD value of * MYR 975,250 receipt from a Malaysian customer * SEK2,500,000 payment to a foreign suppler FX quotes published by a bank in Singapore. Exchange rate | Bid rate | Ask rate | MYR/ USD | 3.5800 | 3.5850 | USD/SEK | 0.1175 | 0.1200 | Your company has identified following future cash flow positions in foreign currencies. * The US customer has promised to settle a USD750,000 worth export transaction in a 90-day period. * The company needs EUR1.5 million in three months to settle import transaction with a suppler in a European country. The local bank has published...
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...Question 1 A loan officer states that “Thousands of dollars can be saved by switching to a 15-year mortgage from a 30-year mortgage.” Calculate the difference in payments on a 30-year mortgage at 9% interest versus a 15-year mortgage with 8.5% interest. Both mortgages are for $100,000 and have monthly payments. What is the difference in total dollars that will be paid to the lender under each loan? | Loan amount = $100,000 | Loan term | 15 years = 180 months | 30 years = 360 months | Interest | 8.5% p.a | 9% p.a | Payment | Monthly | Monthly | Total amount paid | ? | ? | * 15-year mortgage: Monthly payment= (8.5%12×100,000)1-1+8.5%12-180=$984.7396 Total amount paid=984.7396×180=$177,253.128 * 30-year mortgage: Monthly payment= (9%12×100,000)1-1+9%12-360=$804.6226 Total amount paid=804.6226×360=$289,664.136 * Conclusion: If one were to switch from 30-year mortgage to 15-year mortgage, he/she would save: 289,664.136 – 177,253.128 = $112,411.008 Question 2 Explain how competition among investors can lead to efficient markets? Your discussion should include the different forms of market efficiency. __________ We may all know that the objective of many companies is to ‘maximize’ the value of the shares, through which investors benefit from. Under many circumstances, especially under academic perspective, it is assumed that investors would react quickly to news about a specific company released in the market, and accordingly, the company’s...
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...Keys to Success Vocabulary and the GRE Your vocabulary will be the make-or-break factor in your GRE verbal score. Experts agree, vocabulary is the most important factor in the GRE verbal section. In fact, the GRE Verbal section is nothing more than an advanced vocabulary test. If your vocabulary isn't up to scratch, you are putting yourself at a serious disadvantage. What experts say about vocabulary and the GRE: Quiz-Tree.com, a leading authority on GRE preparation say: "Even though GRE Verbal is composed of several parts (such as reading comprehension, analogies and antonyms), it is basically a vocabulary test. If you have an extensive vocabulary, you will do well." Silenttimer.com, makers of GRE test aids say: "the GRE verbal exam will test many words candidates will be expected to understand" Preparing for the GRE There is a lot that you can do to prepare yourself mentally for your GRE exam. This is just as important as studying and revising, because you will score much better if you are comfortable with the idea of sitting the exam rather than stressed to high heaven on the day of your test! Some of the things you can do include: 1. Mental rehearsal of the exam situation 2. Predict (and avoid!) disasters 3. Psyche yourself up with a countdown calendar We'll look at these tips in some of our other lessons. Get Enough Sleep Sleep is very very important for your GRE exam results. No, I'm not suggesting you have a nap in the middle of the test! But...
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...Executive Summary Speculation with Easy Forex For trading the currency in the Easy-forex, the trader should focus on the spot market (daily trading). The price of currency in spot market can change over time. This market has a lot of currencies which can trade but it is difficult to trade all currencies. So we focus to trade on some pair currencies such as USD/GBP, EUR/AUD, JPY/USD, AUD/USD and USD/EUR In our position of trading currency in Easy forex, we have to use financial instruments to analysis and identify which currency that we will get the profit. Furthermore it will have management tools to help us to manage the risk such as stop loss, take profit and limit order which we can set the limit of lost and profit that we can accept. We 30 completed transactions and the total balance in our account is AUD 46,097.96 Overall Strategy In general, the overall strategy is the news that will be announced every day. In our opinion the economic news from many the foreign exchange rate websites are the main drivers of market developments such as interest rate, Consumer Price Index, unemployment rate and inflation etc.Those factors will be the big impact to the foreign exchange market in the world economy. The technical analysis is another strategy that we usually use to predict the trend of currency from the historical statistic information in trading process. They are including the chart and technical indicators which can help the investors to identify the future trend...
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...AFX 5860 Assignment International Studies in Banking & Finance Visit 1: UN Food and Agricultural Organization [pic] Place: Rome Italy Brief Introduction: The Food and Agriculture Organizaiton of the United Nations (FAO) is a special agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. FAO acts as a forum where all nations meet equally to negotiate agreements and debate policy, it also a source of knowledge and information which help developed and developing countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices and ensure good nutrition for all (FAO, 2010). Rome Italy is head quarters. It has 191 member states as well as Europe Union and the Faroe Islands, which are associated members (FAO, 2010). FAO is composed of 8 different departments, the meeting is conducted by finance division. Relevant Key Points & Issues The fist half of the presentation briefly introduced the FAO’s role as UN’s agency, its structure, business environment and management. FAO’s mandate is contribute to the growth of world economy and to increase the level of nutrition, with the mission of helping build a food secure world. In order to achieve such mandates, they involves 4 activities which are putting information within reach, sharing policy expertise, providing a meeting place for nations and bringing knowledge to the field. It used result- based management which is an approach that integrates strategy, people,...
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...RISK MANAGEMENT IN ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE: THE ARAB FINANCE HOUSE EXAMPLE Bilal A. Fleifel A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration Cameron School of Business University of North Carolina Wilmington 2009 Approved By Advisory Committee Howard Rasheed Cetin Ciner William H. Sackley Chair Accepted By DN: cn=Robert D. Roer, o=UNCW, ou=Dean of the Graduate School & Research, email=roer@uncw. edu, c=US Date: 2010.01.21 15:02:51 -05'00' ________________________ Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. vii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................................x GLOSSARY .............................
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