...Bipolar Disorder: Research, Controversy and Treatment Abstract Bipolar disorders are mood disorders that include one or more manic or hypomanic episodes and usually one or more depressive episode. Although the exact explanation of the onset of this disorder is not known, there are several different theories the may apply. A considerable amount of research is now being conducted to identify causes for the mood disorders. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder has led to many controversies as to whether the disorder is misdiagnosed, overdiagnosed, or underdiagnosed. There are also many different treatment methods streaming from medications such as SSRI’s to electro-convulsive shock therapy (ECT). Bipolar Disorder: Research, Controversy and Treatment Bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the sixteenth century and can appear in almost anyone. Bipolar disorders are mood disorders that include one or more manic or hypomanic episodes and usually one or more depressive episode (Varcarolis). Between the elevated and depressed mood episodes, the person may experience long periods of a normal stable mood. There are many different symptoms of bipolar disorder and each person may or may not act the same way, therefore, bipolar disorder has been broken down into different subcategories of bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Although the exact explanation of the onset of this disorder is not known, there are several different...
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...advanced medical equipments. Some of the viable capital projects that health care facilities invest in include research laboratories or libraries, machinery such as CT scanners, Magnetic resonance imaging equipment and powerful X-ray machines among others. A case in point is a capital project in St. Luke’s health care center in which the management recently approved a capital investment of purchase and installation of patient records filing software is projected to change the manner in which this facility has been performing its daily operations. In this regard, this paper aims at evaluating St. Luke’s health care facility in relation to management objectives and organizational goals in addition to highlighting how the project’s expenditure is beneficial to the facility. About The Capital Project Following the continued growth of the hospital over the past few years, it was noted that the task of managing patient information was becoming increasingly challenging by the day and information used in treatment. As such, the management saw the need to invest in a patient records filing software at...
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...Multiple Sclerosis: A Neurological Enigma Multiple sclerosis is a neurological immune-mediated disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. It is an unpredictable, often disabling disease that disrupts the flow of information within the brain and between the brain and the body. MS affects one in every 500 persons, women twice as frequently as men. It is more common in young adults, and causes a variety of neurological deficits (visual loss, paralysis, sensory loss, ataxia, brainstem signs, psychiatric disorders, and dementia). Many MS cases evolve over a long period (20-30 years) with remissions and exacerbations. Some cases have an acute, even fatal course, and others go into a relentlessly progressive phase after a period of remissions and exacerbations. MS involves an immune mediated process that develops when a previous viral injury to the nervous system has occurred in a genetically susceptible individual. B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and activated T cells, along with pro-inflammatory cytokines, cause inflammation, oligodendrocyte injury, and demyelination. Early inflammation and demyelination lead to irreparable axonal degeneration and scarring (Huether & McCance, 2012). MS not only causes focal inflammatory changes but also causes diffuse injury throughout the central nervous system called MS lesions or plaques. MS lesions can occur anywhere in gray or white matter with localized areas of demyelination, changes in the components of myelin, damage to oligodendrocytes...
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...Surgeon General (2000), as many as 1 in 10 American children and adolescents a year have “significant functional impairment” as a result of a mental health disorder. The trends in administering psychotropic medication to young children are on a rise in the U.S. Since psychotropic medications are substances that affect brain chemicals related to mood and behavior (NIMH, 2009). These trends have caused a great deal of debate. All parties without an economic agenda agree that there should be more research and education in the treatment and assessment of mental health illnesses. Currently, many people are in agreement that mental health drug regulations for minors should be monitored more closely and that more research is needed about the effects of these drugs in younger children. The National Institute of Mental Health recognizes that more needs to be...
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...Change and Culture Case Study 1 Joan Ramos HCS/514 February 4, 2013 Debra Williams Change and Culture Case Study 1 The cost of health care in the United States remains an important concern for American consumers. The challenges for controlling costs and providing a better health care system are various and complex. These challenges, in many cases, are in the realm of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) or other federal or state agencies (Department of Justice, 2012). Hospitals continue to team up with other facilities, insurers and for-profit companies, although the cause of the bump in M&A activity varies. While some hospitals cite financial problems, others join forces because of collaboration mandated under the Affordable Care Act and changing reimbursement models, according to Minnesota Public Radio (Caramenico, 2012). Many dynamics in a healthcare organization can dramatically change when a merger occurs; these changes occur on the floor and among staff. The impact of merging two separate entities with different values and performance efforts can have long-term and short-term affects within the new organization. This paper is an effort to identify the impact a merger will have on the culture of the new combined organization, and how to ensure that the combined staff will work together to provide quality care without taking on a competitive stance. Change and Culture: Cultural Impacts on New Organization When two entities merge together, cultural...
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...Running head: CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND HEALTH CARE Cultural Competence and Health Care with Hispanic Populations Kristina Hernandez Our Lady of the Lake University Laredo Specialty Hospital (LSH) is the only 60-bed facility designed to provide specialized long-term acute care, including intensive care, for patients who require team to heal from catastrophic injury or illness. LSH believes that any recovery is an emotional experience. Therefore, they strive to provide patients with a healing and nurturing environment through their caring and supportive team to maximize recovery and regain independence. The population served at LSH includes patients who have a medically complex condition and require more intensive services than found in other post-acute settings, such as skilled nursing facilities. The physicians that comprise the clinical team are knowledgeable of the acute care setting of a traditional hospital and, therefore, possess the clinical expertise to treat a variety of medical conditions. The mission of Laredo Specialty Hospital is dedicated to improving the patient’s quality of life for those suffering from injury or chronic illness whereas the vision is to provide state of the art care, thus, being recognized as a center of excellence for acute long term care services. LSH values the following...
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...Abstract Halo effect on any research project can skew the results of the best designed research project. Failure to account for or anticipate some level of halo effect and to place corrective measures in place may lead to a false conclusion on the research being studied. This literary review discusses the halo effect on instructors grading students, students evaluating their professors’ instruction along with their nonverbal movements. Also discussed are the effects ADHD and ODD can have on teachers who are observing children involved in a scripted act, unknown to the teachers, and how the halo effect might cloud their review of the child being observed and graded on their behavior. Introduction The effects of what is called the “halo effect” and how it relates to grading of student projects and ratings of their disruptive disorders can have dramatic effects on the finding of research project and diagnosis’ of patients. Halo effect is properly defined as: The halo effect is the systematic bias that the rater introduces by carrying over a generalized impression of the subject from one rating to another. An instructor expects the student who does well on the first question of an examination to do well on the second. You conclude a report is good because you like its form, or you believe someone is intelligent because you agree with him or her. Halo is especially difficult to avoid when the property being studied is not clearly defined, is not easily observed, is not frequently...
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...coroner and the most common request for an autopsy occurs in cases of unexpected deaths where the cause is not apparent. Autopsies are also carried out for determination of manner of death, evaluation of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis, epidemiological purposes, survey outbreaks, medical audit, research, teaching, forensic purposes and to enlighten/reassure families or inform then of hereditary diseases. Despite the well-recognised importance of autopsies in twenty-first century medicine, there has been a huge decline in autopsy rates across the world, causing concern amongst the medical community. Factors that have contributed to the decline include distaste of the procedure in both the physicians and the relatives, lack of financial incentives, increased faith in imaging technologies, fear of litigation, lack of importance of the autopsies in the teaching curriculum and...
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...Swoboda, RN, MS;3 Wendy Ziai, MD;3,6 Sara E. Cosgrove, MD, MS1 objective. Diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is difficult, and misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary and prolonged antibiotic treatment. We sought to quantify and characterize unjustified antimicrobial use for VAP and identify risk factors for continuation of antibiotics in patients without VAP after 3 days. methods. Patients suspected of having VAP were identified in 6 adult intensive care units (ICUs) over 1 year. A multidisciplinary adjudication committee determined whether the ICU team’s VAP diagnosis and therapy were justified, using clinical, microbiologic, and radiographic data at diagnosis and on day 3. Outcomes included the proportion of VAP events misdiagnosed as and treated for VAP on days 1 and 3 and risk factors for the continuation of antibiotics in patients without VAP after day 3. results. Two hundred thirty-one events were identified as possible VAP by the ICUs. On day 1, 135 (58.4%) of them were determined to not have VAP by the committee. Antibiotics were continued for 120 (76%) of 158 events without VAP on day 3. After adjusting for acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score and requiring vasopressors on day 1, sputum culture collection on day 3 was significantly associated with antibiotic continuation in patients without VAP. Patients without VAP or other infection received 1,183 excess days of...
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...Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein Early detection and prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease Contents page Definition of key terms used in the assignment Abbreviations used in the assignment Introduction Chronic Kidney Disease, a condition characterised by a gradual loss of kidney function. CKD is often misdiagnosed owing to the lack of knowledge about the disease. With early detection and prevention of the progression of the disease CKD patients can still enjoy life to the fullest while they manage their disease, however if the healthcare professionals fail to identify the disease on time the patient can suffer dire consequences. Besides the financial implications associated with the disease, there are the emotional implications together with physical and psychological. This assignment seeks to explore such implications in an effort to highlight the importance of early detection and prevention of kidney disease, with the best interest of the patient at heart Background Normal kidney anatomy http://doctorstock.photoshelter.com/image/I000096SqkYwaLhE The bean-shaped kidneys lie in retroperitoneal position in the superior lumbar region. Extending approximately from T12 to L3, the kidneys receive some form of protection from the lower part of the rib cage (E.N. Marieb, K Hoehn, 2010) The kidneys functions can be divided into two, non-excretory functions and excretory functions. Under excretory we have Glomerular filtration, Tubule...
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...Over-prescribing of ADHD Medication to Children Lesley M. Thomas University of Houston- Clear Lake What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? According to the National Library of Medicine, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is defined as, “a problem of not being able to focus, being overactive, not being able to control behavior, or a combination of these.” (www.nlm.nih.gov) For a diagnosis of this disorder, generally referred to simply as ADHD, these issues must be out of the normal range for a person’s age and development. Although the majority of diagnoses are given to children and adolescents, there are also a vast number of ADHD cases diagnosed for adults. The purpose of my research paper is to offer background on this disorder, discuss the psychopharmacology of its treatment options, and to discuss whether ADHD medication is over-prescribed to children. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) states that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity has three different subtypes. Those subtypes are Predominantly Inattentive, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive, and a combination of the two. In order for the Predominantly Inattentive subtype to be used, at least six or more symptoms of inattention must be both present and persistent for at least six months. However, there must be fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity. For usage of the Hyperactivity-Impulsivity subtype to be used, there must be a persistent presence of at least six...
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...WTO World Trade Organisation Abbreviations: CL Compulsory Licensing NGO’s Non-governmental Organisation’s R&D Research and Development RDT Rapid Detection Tests TRIPS Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights WTO World Trade Organisation Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 2 Factors effecting the control of malaria 3 What is the role of the pharmaceutical companies? 5 Recommendations 6 Reference List 8 Introduction This report aims to address the issues regarding the availability of drugs in the developing world in addition to what measures the developed world could use to ease the burden, including the evaluation of the options available and the potential cumulative effects that would accompany these processes. For the purpose of this paper, the author will concentrate on the infection rates in humans of Malaria in Sierra Leone. Although malaria is deemed as a preventable disease many factors inhibit the eradication of infection rates. In the recent World Malaria Report (2013) Sierra Leone is ranked as the country with the fifth highest prevalence rate per capita in addition to fifty percent of the population living in poverty (IMF, 2013). Highlighting the disparity between infection and access to treatment. The fact that Malaria is a reoccurring disease endorses the requirement of robust preventative measures in order for the developing world to gain control of infection rates. Drug resilience is also a...
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...EHR/CPOE Implementation Executive Summary This thesis follows the implementation of Computerized Patient Order Entry/Electronic Health Record (CPOE/EHR) system implemented by Partners Healthcare System (PHS) during 2002-2003 for all its constituent practitioners. It looks at the problems faced during implementation of the system and identifies new potential problems that the system may encounter. Particularly in consideration is the effort it takes to convince healthcare professionals to switch to CPOE/EHR, the cost of installing the system, the potential of automating redundancies in the system and the potential of healthcare professionals getting skewed data out of the system suggestions. It looks at the management challenges faced by the administration when bringing about CPOE/EHR to PHS and divulges in some techniques that were used for tackling these issues. It defines ways in which the system is being used to improve patient healthcare and save millions of dollars for the government, healthcare facilities and patients alike. This thesis also finds ways to combat the potential problems that may arise later and the system and looks at related government policies and statutes which apply to the implementation. Finally some metrics of success are discussed their effectiveness in driving a result. Problem Definition CPOE/EHR Implementation can face a host of problems that can hinder the process flow and the acceptability of the system by the people involved. The initial...
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... * SOCIAL MODEL * MORAL MODEL * BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL MEDICAL MODEL This involves * Addiction as a “brain disease” * Neurotransmitter imbalance * Disease model: * Agent: drug * Vector: dealers * Host: addict PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL This involves the following * Drug abusers who are self-medicating * Drug abuse which is a symptom of underlying psychological problems * Drug use is also a maladaptive psychological coping strategy * Drug abusers also need to resolve internal conflict, and when they do, drug use will be unnecessary. SOCIAL MODEL This involves * Drug use as a learned behavior * People using drugs because drug use is modeled by others * Peer pressure * Environmental effects leading to drug use MORAL MODEL * Addicts are usually weak and can overcome a compulsion to use with willpower * Drug abusers are anti-social and should be punished for that * Drug are generally evil BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL * All the above are true, to greater or lesser degrees * Each person’s drug use is a result of some aspects of some or all the other models * Treatment and recovery require addressing the body, mind, social, nutrition, employment, family issues, psychological issues. On a broad inference, addiction is generally concerned with alcoholism so therefore we shall talk extensively on alcoholism. ALCOHOLISM Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and is generally used to mean compulsive...
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...The date was November 14, 2011. The patient was OG, a twenty-four year old male Hispanic. He immigrated to the United States when he was 5 years old from Guatemala, with his mother and he is a legal American citizen. He was brought to Aurora Behavioral healthcare on a 5150 by ex-wife and her parents due to suicidal ideation with a plan to overdose on his medications. He complained of worsening depression, anxiety, and panic attacks. He felt hopeless and had suicidal ideation prior to admission. The ex-wife reported she had received a text from the patient saying, “I need to do something before I hurt myself. You’d be better off if I were dead.” He and his wife separated in December of 2010 and the divorce was finalized in August 2011. The couple separated because of violence; they had gotten into an argument and he pushed her. His ex-wife stated OG’s depression had gotten worse over the past week. The patient said he suffered from blackouts and he couldn’t remember things that had happened. On September 21, 2011 he was arrested while working in Las Vegas for using technology to lure a minor and was in jail for 11 days. The patient said he blacks out and did not remember the incident and woke up in jail. In October of 2011 his physician NP Brantman, prescribed him trazodone, Abilify and Seroquel. He was admitted for suicidal ideation and major depression. Hispanics for the most part believe that health is...
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