...MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING: AN OVERVIEW Learning Objectives Distinguish between managerial & financial accounting. Understand the evolution of management accounting. Explain about the IFAC model. Understand how managers can use accounting information to implement strategies. Explain about Relevant Lost & Relevant Regained. 2 Learning Objectives Distinguish between managerial & financial accounting. Understand the evolution of management accounting. Explain about the IFAC model. Understand how managers can use accounting information to implement strategies. Explain about Relevant Lost & Relevant Regained. 3 Accounting System (accumulates financial and managerial accounting data) Managerial Accounting Information for decision making, and control of an organization’s operations. Internal Users Financial Accounting Published financial statements and other financial reports. External Users Managerial Accounting Users of information Managers within company Regulation Financial Accounting Interested outside parties Required. Must comform to Not required because for internal GAAP which is regulated by use only FASB and SEC. Basic accounting system plus Almost exclusively from the Source of Data various other sources basic accounting system Reports often focus on subunits. Reports focus on the enterprise Nature of Reports Based on a combination of in its entirety. Based on and...
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...Comparing of the performance of Malaysia Airlines and China Southern Airlines Summary The purpose of this report was discovering and analyzing the performance of Malaysia Airlines and China Southern Airlines; and the benefits and problems in the U.S. adopting of IFRS will be mentioned. First, it evaluates the performance of Malaysia Airlines and China Southern Airlines through five ratios analysis which is profitability, liquidity/solvency, working capital efficiency, long term financial structure and investors’ perspective. Next, on basic of part one analysis, discuss the limitations of financial reporting, meanwhile, companies from different countries which are using different accounting standards should be noticed. Follow on; depend on the situation of financial report, using the SWOT methods to analyze the primary challenges faced by Malaysia Airlines and China Southern Airlines. Finally, discuss the positive and negative of U.S. adopting IFRS. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Ratio analysis of the MAS and CZ 1 3. SWTO analysis of the MAS and the CZ 12 3.1. Strengths 12 3.2. Weaknesses 13 3.3. Opportunities 15 3.4. Threats 16 4. The benefits and problems if US adopt IFRS 18 5. Conclusion 26 6. Reference 27 7. Appendices 36 7.1. Appendices 1—Analysis Current Ratio 36 7.2. Appendices 2—Analysis Quick Ratio 36 7.3. Appendices 3—Analysis Gross Profit Margin 37 7.4. Appendices 4—Operation Profit Ratio 37 7.5. Appendices 5—Analysis Net Profit...
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...Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Towards an integrated contingency framework for MAS sophistication Case studies on the scope of accounting instruments in Dutch power and gas companies By Sandra Tillema Title The title suggests that the article will give guidance towards a contingency framework for MAS sophistication. The Contingency framework states that there is no one right way to manage an organisation, so the part “towards integrated [...] framework” with the word “contingency” seems like a paradox. We feel that we might not have chosen this article if we were looking at the title only because it seemingly contradicts itself. The group agreed that the title is quite long. We have analysed it by defining the main words of which we used the Macmillan Dictionary (2002) (See appendix B). After understanding the words and theory explanation, the title became quite easy to understand. Abstract and Introduction We feel that the abstract provides concise and simple information. It is a good explanation and expansion of the title. We have chosen this article because it can be easily understood. The abstract states that many companies are being convinced to implement newly developed management accounting systems and also comments on its inappropriateness. The author states the reason for this is due to the contingency theory perspective. She also highlights that this article is based on the cases of two power and gas companies. The introduction...
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...CONTENTS Page No 1. Introduction 2 2. Company Background 3 3. Asset Management and Leverage 5 4. Classification of Ratios 6 5. Ratio Analysis of the Performance of Air Asia and Malaysian Airlines System for the year 2011 7 6. Conclusion 11 Bibliography/Reference 13 QUESTION: Select any two listed companies of Bursa Malaysia from the Trading/Services sector and evaluate the companies’ asset management and leverage ratios using their financial statements for the year 2011 ANSWER 1. INTRODUCTION Malaysian Airlines System (MAS) and Air Asia are currently the two main airlines operating in Malaysia. These two companies are competing in the airline industry which is fiercely competitive. This is a very large and continuously growing industry giving the industry players the opportunity for immense financial gains. The different categories in the airline industry usually comprise of: International Category which has airplanes with adequate seating capacity that makes it possible for passengers to travel to any destination in the world. The earnings in this category gross over a billion dollars. National Category which has a lesser seating capacity and the gross revenues are less than one billion dollars. Regional Category with planes that operate short-haul flights. Cargo Category which has planes transporting goods. The airline industry is characterized by its large...
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...AYB321 Strategic Management Accounting Practice Question Solutions ------------------------------------------------- Tutorial 4 ------------------------------------------------- BUDGETING SYSTEMS (1) Review Questions: 1. Briefly describe the five purposes of budgeting. * Planning: During the process, a budget model can be used for scenario analysis. At the end of the process, the budget ‘quantifies a plan of action’. * Facilitating communication and coordination: The budget provides a mechanism for achieving coordination, as it forces the different BU managers to communicate their plans and assumptions to each other. * Allocating resources: The departments compete for resources at budget time with (usually) most of the resources going to the department that is achieving the highest return. * Controlling profit and operations: Once produced, the budget becomes a benchmark against which actual performance can be compared. * Evaluating performance and providing incentives: The budget also becomes a benchmark for evaluating and rewarding managers. 2. Why do most firms begin their budget formulation process with sales revenue? Once senior management has settled upon a strategy (including what products to sell into what markets), the marketing people can estimate the level of sales they expect to achieve in the coming period. This then informs the operations departments regarding the level of activity and therefore resources...
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...REPORT ON THE FINANCIAL EVALUATION: MCDONALD'S CORPORATION AND YUM! BRANDS REPORT ON THE FINANCIAL EVALUATION: McDONALD'S CORPORATION AND YUM! BRANDS TAMARA AYRAPETOVA The aim of this paper is to perform financial analysis by using financial ratios and to comment, evaluate, and understand the origins of the results by using the comparison of two companies chosen as a case study. The McDonald's Corporation is the largest fast food restaurant in the world. McDonald's Corporation statistics base it in over 119 countries and it serves more than 68 million customers daily. The company's revenues are coming not only from its primary products like hamburgers, cheeseburgers, etc., but also from rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees. This report will look at the financial statements of the McDonald's Corporation over the past 3 years starting from 2010 through 2012. The author of the paper will apply financial ratios to analyze company's position and to identify patterns and trends. She will then compare the results of the analysis with one of the biggest competitors of McDonald's - Yum! Brands Inc. and the industrial averages. Yum! Brands Inc. is a US based corporation. It includes famous brands like KFC and Pizza Hut in their chain. Currently Yum! Brands are the largest competitors McDonald's has in the fast-food industry. To compare the two companies financial statements will be taken from Yahoo Finance (2013). Unauthenticated Download Date | 12/14/14 11:28 PM ...
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...for Performance University of Phoenix Lori Stemen October 28, 2013 Reimbursement and Pay-for-Performance The United States has gone through some dramatic changes over the last forty years and currently we are in the middle of some additional changes with the Affordable Care Act. Pay-for-performance is intended to improve the efficiency, quality, and the overall worth of health care. The expectation is that these changes will provide to physicians, hospitals and other health care providers with financial incentives to finance improvements and accomplish improved results for the patient. There are positive and negative affects of the pay-for-performance programs, although we can’t predict the future and the outcome of these initiatives, the health care system will definitely feel the pressure to perform with respect to outcome accountability. With the continuous changes of government regulations the pressure to provide reliable high quality health care will increase. Pay-for-performance is the newest regulatory effort in health the insurance industry. Health care providers who participate with the insurance carrier are compensated for meeting pre-set goals for how they deliver health care services. This is an important modification from the fee for service method of payment. Pay-for-performance has been well liked by politicians as well as, Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance companies. The Affordable Care Act increases the usage of pay-for-performance methodologies...
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...of information for planning and control. In this chapter, we take a closer look at management accounting research and the responses that have been made to the challenge from the new operational practices. We examine the extent to which changes in management accounting practices are observed, and the way in which design changes are recommended within organisations committed to the new manufacturing paradigm. Furthermore, we reflect upon the role of accounting as a management tool in integrated manufacturing, and on possible future research questions, so as to enrich our knowledge of the management accounting/operations management interface. Introduction Innovations in operations management (OM) have challenged management accounting (MA) for more than two decades (Berliner & Brimson, 1988; Cooper, 1995; Johnson, 1992; Kaplan, 1983, 1990; Maskell, 2003). Automation, just-in-time (JIT) and total quality management (TQM) are examples of practices that have changed manufacturing systems (Hayes & Wheelwright, 1984; Schonberger, 1986, 1996; Womack et al., 1991) and are today considered to be basic elements...
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...Faculty of Business at ePublications@bond. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Banking and Finance by an authorized administrator of ePublications@bond. For more information, please contact Bond University's Repository Coordinator. Trück and Liang: Forecasting volatility in the gold market International Journal of Banking and Finance, Volume 9 (Number 1), 2012: pages 48-80 MODELLING AND FORECASTING VOLATILITY IN THE GOLD MARKET Stefan Trück and Kevin Liang Macquarie University, Australia _____________________________________________ Abstract We investigate the volatility dynamics of gold markets. While there are a number of recent studies examining volatility and Value-at-Risk (VaR) measures in financial and commodity markets, none of them focuses on the gold market. We use a large number of statistical models to model and then forecast daily volatility and VaR. Both insample and out-of-sample forecasts are evaluated using appropriate evaluation measures. For in-sample forecasting, the class of TARCH models provide the best results. For out-of-sample forecasting, the results were not that clear-cut and the order and specification of the models were found to be an important factor in determining model’s...
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...ASSIGNMENT – BMMF5103 OUM BUSINESS SCHOOL SEPTEMBER 2014 BMMF5103 MANAGERIAL FINANCE MATRICULATION NO IDENTITY CARD NO. TELEPHONE NO. E-MAIL LEARNING CENTRE : : : : : CGS00965001 830825-14-5638 019-2289044 nuraishah.baharudin@gmail.com Kuala Lumpur Learning Centre ASSIGNMENT – BMMF5103 TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction to the companies’ background…………………………………………………….….2 Calculation of relevant financial ratios of both companies……..………………………………….4 Analysis of the relevant financial for both companies and Comparison and evaluation of the two companies financial performance based on the computed ratios…………………………………..13 Conclusion…………………………..……………………………………………………………...42 References…………………………..………………………………………………………….…..45 Appendix A Appendix B 1 ASSIGNMENT – BMMF5103 Introduction to the Companies’ Background Malaysia Airlines Berhad Malaysia Airlines’ journey in achieving its current reputable position has been a remarkable one. On 12th October 1937, Malayan Airways Limited (MAL) was born. In 1965, with the separation of Singapore from Malaysia, MAL became a bi-national airline and was renamed Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (MSA). Malaysia introduced Malaysian Airline Limited, which was subsequently renamed Malaysian Airline System, headquartered at the Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Selangor, and took to the skies on 1st October 1972. The airline operates a fleet of 129 aircrafts, flying to nearly 111 destinations...
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...BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE TRENDS The Next Generation of Performance Management Updated 2/16/2010 Attivio® 246 Walnut Street Newton, MA 02460 o +1.857.226.5040 | f +1.857.226.5072 | e info@attivio.com www.attivio.com BI Trends: The Next Generation of Performance Management Every year, technology research firm Gartner surveys 1,500 CIOs. As has been the case for several years, the firm’s 2010 survey1 revealed that BI applications are among the top technology focus areas for CIOs. And business process improvement is the top business priority for IT, followed immediately by reducing costs and improving the use of information and analytics. According to Bob Kaplan and David Norton, the creators of the Balanced Scorecard (the most commonly used performance management system2), “breakdowns in a company’s management system, not managers’ lack of ability or effort, are what cause a company’s underperformance.” Kaplan and Norton define a management system as the “integrated set of processes and tools that a company uses to develop its strategy, translate it into operational actions, and monitor and improve the effectiveness of both” and point out that “the failure to balance the tensions between strategy and operations is pervasive…with various studies published in the past 25 years indicating that 60% to 80% of companies are fall short of the success predicted from their strategies.”3 So why are CIOs spending so much time and energy on BI? These technologies are the platform...
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...Perezes’ Good Fortune Wynetta Tucker BUS 655 Financial Investment Management Professor Milan Havel Ashford University 3 Jun 13 Perezes’ Good Fortune In meeting the needs of an individual with regard to their investment needs, it’s important that the source of information offers credible information. The wall street journal has been a very important and credible source of financial and investment information. The ‘markets’ segment of the journal offers credible market information that can be helpful to any new investor. For instance, the wall street journal on Third June 2013, provided information regarding the share prices of various stocks listed in the various stock exchanges in London, Nasdaq as well as New York stock exchanges. This information is helpful to Angel as she is able to make informed decisions regarding her investment. Other general sources of financial and investment decisions would be consulting investment consultants, reading business news in various investment magazines and lastly, she would be able to get information from appointed stock dealers or business news segment of telecasts Standard and Poor’s, an American financial services company publishes financial research and analysis of stocks as well as bonds. It’s a member of the Mc Graw Hill companies and measures stocks indices as well as making an analysis of various stocks. Using this company, Angel is able to get information relating to the various companies in the portfolio...
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...Rise and Fall of Management (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School ftess, 1987) pp. 269. Given the reaction that this book has caused in the management accounting milieu, it seems destined to play an important role in the direction that teaching and research may adopt in the near future. In fact, the accounting literature is already witnessing an increasing number of articles regarding the lack of relevance of management accounting systems (MAS) in the decision making process of the firm. The book of Johnson and Kaplan (J&K) is implicitly divided into three parts. Part I—^The Rise of Management Accounting, chapters 2 through 5, provides an interesting overview of the evolution of management accounting in the United States from the 1880s through the 1920s. According to the authors, MAS were developing and adapting to management's needs, providing relevant, accurate, and timely information. Part II—The Fall of Management Accounting, chapters 6 through 9, analyses and explains the loss of relevance of MAS. Unlike some historians, J&K assert that this was not due to the fact that financial accounting unduly influenced managerial accounting, but to the prohibitive costs of implementing adequate MAS. Part III—Possible Course of Action, chapters 10 and 11, sets out what can be done to recover the relevance of MAS. Tliis review looks at the three parts in tum. The last section provides conclusions. The rise of management accounting In its early years, MAS appeared to fill the need for information...
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...WEBSITE, COMPANIES ANNUAL AND LATEST REPORT REPORTS OF OTHER HOMOGENEOUS ORGANIZATIONS (RITCHE ET AL., 2014) CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION (HOW HR CAN ADOPT AGILE/ADAPTIVE APPROACH) WILL BE DERIVED FROM MALAYSIAN AIRLINES DATA, INFORMATION, FINANCIAL STATEMENT, PRESS RELESE, FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS OF PAST AND PRESENT STATUS OF MALAYSIAN AIRLINES (SILVERMAN, 2014) Malaysian Airlines TIME TO TRAVEL……. THEORIES THE FOLLOWING THEORIES WILL BE USED TO IDENTIFY THE KEY ISSUES OF MA THEORIES ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü ü PESTEL ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS PORTER’S 5 FORCES CULTURAL AND LEADERSHIP STYLE OF MA (HARD & SOFT) KNOWLEDGE BASED VIEW & RESOURCE BASED VIEW FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS BLUE OCEAN STRATEGIES STRATEGY GROUP MAP SEVEN “S” MODEL KEY ISSUES ü COMPANY PROFILE OF THE MALAYSIAN AIRLINES ü CURRENT STATUS OF THE THE MALAYSIAN AIRLINES ü CURRENT STRATEGIC POSITION OF MALAYSIAN AIRLINES ü CURRENT HR PRACTICES IN MA ü STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ü RISK ANALYSIS ü COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ü KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR (KPI) ANALYSIS OF MA ü Formation of cultural web Malaysian Airlines TIME TO TRAVEL……. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIAN AIRLINES SITUATION(S) POLITICAL DESCRIPTION ü TAXATION: AN OBSTACLE DURING RECESSION. MA REPORTED A NET LOSS OF TAX OF RM 1.174 BILLION IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 2013 (ANNUAL...
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...iiste.org Financial Analysis of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in Bangladesh Md. Tofael Hossain Majumder Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Faculty of Business Studies Comilla University, Comilla, Bangladesh. Email: tofael_cou@yahoo.com Mohammed Mizanur Rahman School of Business and Economics, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology Dhaka, Bangladesh. Email: mizancu@yahoo.com Abstract The Pharmaceutical industry plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of Bangladesh. But the net profit of this industry has decreased for the last few years. This study is designed to review the financial performance of this industry, to test its strengths and weaknesses. The financial performance of this industry is measured in terms of Ratio (Profitability, Liquidity, Solvency and Activity ratio) Analysis and in terms of Testing Financial Soundness by using Multivariate Discriminate Analysis (MDA) as developed by Prof. Altman. For the source of data mainly relied on Annual Reports and official records. It was observed from the study of the financial statement of the Pharmaceutical industry that the profit earning capacity, liquidity position, financial position and the performance of the most of the Pharmaceuticals are not in sound position and it was also observed that the most of the Pharmaceuticals has a lower level position of bankruptcy. The reasons behind this position of the industry are inefficiency of financial management...
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