...INFLATION INDEXED BONDS INTRODUCTION: The importance of Policy analysis for business students Being a Business Student the importance of Policy analysis is to understand the Inflation Indexed bonds as it is a unique asset class and it is one of the few that offers a nearly perfect (direct) hedge against inflation, while also having a low correlation to other risk assets. Inflation protection is one of the central goals of strategic asset allocation, and not only since the beginning of the hyper-expansive monetary policy witnessed during the financial crisis of the past five years. Given the current indebtedness of many governments because of the global financial crisis and rising inflation, it is necessary to study the inflation-linked government bonds in order to remove the uncertainty of future inflation rate. Also it is important to analyze the opinion of the academic community towards policy framework and understand the perspective and vision of implication of policy, to focus and highlight the recommendations and suggestions based on the policy framework, implications, and functioning keeping in mind each and every section which may have positive or negative impact of the policy. Rationale for selecting the project (policy) Traditionally, in uncertain times, gold was considered the safest investment option - a liquid asset which promised better returns than most instruments. As India's policies started faltering, investors started flocking to gold. This gold rush has...
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...RESPONSIBILITIES TEACHING SERVICE CONTENTS PAGE OVERVIEW 2 PRINCIPALS 2 ASSISTANT PRINCIPALS 2 LEADING TEACHERS 4 CLASSROOM TEACHERS 5 PARAPROFESSIONALS 7 EDUCATION SUPPORT CLASS 7 Roles and Responsibilities – Teaching Service Page 1 OVERVIEW The roles and responsibilities that can be expected of employees at the various classification levels, including the principal class, is set out below and incorporates Schedule 2 of the Victorian Government Schools Agreement 2013. PRINCIPALS The role of the principal is to lead and manage the planning, delivery, evaluation and improvement of the education of all students in a community through the strategic deployment of resources provided by the Department and the school community. A key component of this role is to increase the knowledge base of teachers within their school about student learning and quality teacher practice. At the same time, the principal, as executive officer of the school council, must ensure that adequate and appropriate advice is provided to the council on educational and other matters; that the decisions of the council are implemented; and that adequate support and resources are provided for the conduct of council meetings. Principals have a clear set of accountabilities, which distinguish their work from other employees in the Teaching Service and the education community and are set out in detail in the contract of employment. The principal is accountable for the overall leadership, management and...
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...Islamic Economics and Finance Measurement of Financial Development: A Fresh Approach Noureen Adnan 1 Financial development can be defined as the policies, factors, and the institutions that lead to the efficient intermediation and effective financial markets. A strong financial system offers risk diversification and effective capital allocation. The greater the financial development, the higher would be the mobilization of savings and its allocation to high return projects. Financial development can be measured by a number of factors including the depth, size, access, and soundness of financial system. It can be measured by examining the performance and activities of the financial markets, banks, bond markets and financial institutions. It is observed that higher the degree of financial development in a country, the wider will be the availability of financial services. A developed financial system offers higher returns with less risk. In this paper it is attempted to collect main components of financial development including Banks, Stock markets, insurance companies and bond markets for 41 economies during the period of 1988 to 2009. The method of principal component is utilized to extract a single financial development index out of them. Principal component analysis is a modern tool of data analysis. The main aim to apply principal component to achieve a meaningful index out of complex and multidimensional elements of financial development and to re-express the data with minimum...
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...Polocies ACCOUNTING POLICIES & PROCEDURES FOR THE PHENIX CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS FOR SCHOOLS 5 ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING SCHOOL FUNDS 7 LEGAL COMPLIANCE GUIDELINES 9 PUBLIC FUNDS 10 NON-PUBLIC FUNDS 11 PUBLIC AND NON-PUBLIC FUNDING 12 RECEIPTING MONEY 14 DEPOSIT POLICY 15 BANK ACCOUNT 15 ACCEPTANCE OF CHECKS 16 MASTER RECEIPT BOOK 16 TEACHER RECEIPT BOOKS 17 REFUNDS 19 CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAM DAILY DEPOSITS 19 RETURNED CHECKS 20 SCHOOL INCOME 21 STUDENT FEES 22 DONATIONS AND VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS 23 FUNDRAISERS 24 COMMISSIONS AND VENDING 26 CONCESSIONS 27 ADMISSION/TICKET SALES 29 TRANSFERS 31 BETWEEN ACTIVITIES 32 BETWEEN LOCAL SCHOOL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICE 32 JOURNAL ENTRIES 34 JOURNAL ENTRIES 35 PURCHASES 36 REQUISITIONS AND PURCHASE ORDERS 37 BID LAW 38 EXPENDITURES 39 CHECK PROCEDURES 40 CHECKS ISSUED TO ACCOUNTING OFFICE 40 INVOICES 41 PURCHASING CARD PROGRAM 42 GENERAL GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES FOR CARD USAGE 43 RECORD KEEPING AND RECONCILIATION 46 MONTH END CLOSE 47 MONTH END CLOSE 48 YEAR END CLOSE 49 CALENDAR YEAR END 50 FISCAL YEAR END 50 FIXED ASSETS 51 OBJECTIVES OF THE FIXED ASSET POLICY 52 DEFINITIONS 52 PROCEDURES 53 PAYROLL 57 EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION 58 SALARY ADMINISTRATION 58 MINIMUM WAGE AND OVERTIME...
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...EFInA: EVALUATION OF AGENT BANKING MODELS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES Oxford Policy Management Ltd October 2011 Evaluation of Agent Banking Models in different countries ii Oxford Policy Management Evaluation of Agent Banking Models in different countries Table of contents Table of contents Abbreviations Executive summary Agent banking regulation and impact Permissible agent activities Volume and value of different types of activities Introduction 1 1.1 Analysis of agent banking regulations Colombia 1.1.1 Background & implementation of regulations 1.1.2 Definition of agent, approval by the regulator & types of entities that can be agents 1.1.3 Rules governing exclusivity/non-exclusivity of agents 1.1.4 Permissible activities 1.1.5 Roles and responsibilities & minimum standards 1.1.6 Typical remuneration structure Brazil 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 Peru 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6 Kenya 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.4.6 India 1.5.1 i iv vi viii x xi 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 1.2 6 Background & implementation of regulations 6 Definition of agent, approval by the regulator & types of entities that can be agents 7 Rules governing exclusivity/non-exclusivity of agents 7 Permissible activities 8 Roles and responsibilities & minimum standards 8 Typical remuneration structure 9 9 Background & implementation of regulations 9 Definition of agent, approval by the regulator & types of entities that can be agents10 Rules governing exclusivity/non-exclusivity of agents 10 Permissible...
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...Managing and developing administrative, non-teaching staff within the college, including performance appraisal, discipline, role clarification and training; Supporting the College and the Council of Heads in the fulfilment of the functions of the College; Assisting in the preparation and the formulation of the College’s strategic and business plans, and the implementation of such plans. Providing input to the Business plan and Annual Financial Estimates Exercise and managing the section’s budget to ensure efficiency and effectiveness; Ensuring that records and statistics of all Schools in the College are accurate and up to date, including financial records and monthly management accounts as required by the DES and the College Principal; Creating and ensuring the effective maintenance of a data-management and ICT system, as required by the DES; Formulating accurate specifications in connection with calls for quotations/tenders for the procurement of services and goods, in full observance of the relevant government legislation, procedures and policies; Maintaining regular liaison with other College Administrators; Providing on-going practice guidelines, training and support to school secretaries and clerks, including those in the College Administration Team; Assuming responsibility for the administration, related to College activities and events, involving collaboration with other organisations at local and national levels; Facilitating the sharing of best practices across schools...
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...STATUS AND POLICIES MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Vol. 2 Issue 3 (2010) pp: 299-313 299 Management Research and Practice Volume 2, Issue 3 / September 2010 March eISSN 2067- 2462 mrp.ase.ro DEVELOPMENT OF BOND MARKET IN BANGLADESH: ISSUES, STATUS AND POLICIES Mohammad Saleh JAHUR 1 , S.M. Nasrul QUADIR 2 1 Department of Finance and Banking, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh sjahur2000@yahoo.com 2 Department of Finance and Banking, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh nasrul1964@yahoo.com Abstract Bond market acts as buffer of equity market. This market in Bangladesh has been found very inefficient with respect to number of issues, volume of trade, number of participant, long-term yield curve, interest rate policy etc. In view of this, the present study has been undertaken aiming at identifying the problems that impedes the growth and development of Bond Market in Bangladesh. Researchers have collected both primary and secondary data and analysed the same by employing descriptive measure as well as multivariate technique-Varimax Rotated Factor Analysis. The study has found that the size of debt market of Bangladesh is very low as compared to other SAARC Countries; has huge growth potentiality; and identified important impediments to the growth and development of Bond Market in Bangladesh such as risk and return factor, liquidity and government policy factor, issue management factor, investment policy factor, macroeconomic...
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...in turn are based on cultural mores: the fixed moral attitudes or customs of a particular group. Some ethical standards are universal. For example, murder, theft, assault, and arson are actions that deviate from ethical and legal codes throughout the world. Whitman, Michael E., and Herbert J. Mattford. "The Need For Security." Principals Of Information Security, 4th Edition. CourseSmart/Cengage Learning, 2014. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. Chapter 3 Pages 90-91 2. What is civil law, and what does it accomplish? Civil: Governs nation or state; manages relationships/conflicts between organizational entities and people. Whitman, Michael E., and Herbert J. Mattford. "The Need For Security." Principals Of Information Security, 4th Edition. CourseSmart/Cengage Learning, 2014. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. Chapter 3 Pages 90-91 3. What are the primary examples of public law? Public law regulates the structure and administration of government agencies and their relationships with citizens, employees, and other governments. Public law includes criminal, administrative, and constitutional law. Whitman, Michael E., and Herbert J. Mattford. "The Need For Security." Principals Of Information Security, 4th Edition. CourseSmart/Cengage Learning, 2014. Web. 22 Mar....
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...IN BANGLADESH: ISSUES, STATUS AND POLICIES MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Vol. 2 Issue 3 (2010) pp: 299-313 DEVELOPMENT OF BOND MARKET IN BANGLADESH: ISSUES, STATUS AND POLICIES Mohammad Saleh JAHUR 1, S.M. Nasrul QUADIR 2 Department of Finance and Banking, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh sjahur2000@yahoo.com 2 Department of Finance and Banking, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh nasrul1964@yahoo.com Volume 2, Issue 3 / September 2010 Management Research and Practice 1 Abstract Bond market acts as buffer of equity market. This market in Bangladesh has been found very inefficient with respect to number of issues, volume of trade, number of participant, long-term yield curve, interest rate policy etc. In view of this, the present study has been undertaken aiming at identifying the problems that impedes the growth and development of Bond Market in Bangladesh. Researchers have collected both prima ry and secondary data and analysed the same by employing descriptive measure as well as multivariate technique-Varimax Rotated Factor Analysis. The study has found that the size of debt market of Bangladesh is very low as compared to other SAARC Countries; has huge growth potentiality; and identified important impediments to the growth and development of Bond Market in Bangladesh such as risk and return factor, liquidity and government policy factor, issue management factor, investment policy factor, macro economic and regulatory...
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...Monetary policy in Vietnam: the case of a transition country Ulrich Camen 1 1. Introduction A major objective of the Vietnamese authorities in the coming five years is it to strengthen the integration of the Vietnamese economy into the world economy. An important milestone has been the Vietnam-US Bilateral Trade Agreement, BTA. A subsequent milestone will be Vietnamese membership in the WTO, which is under preparation and expected for 2006. As part of this process of internationalisation, Vietnam is also opening its financial sector to foreign financial institutions. Currently, foreign banks have already started to provide banking services in Vietnam. Internationalisation will pose major challenges for financial sector polices, underlining the importance of further progress with financial sector reforms and reforms of monetary policy. This paper will present the current status of the reform of monetary policy in the context of economic and financial sector developments in Vietnam and identify key reform issues with respect to monetary policy. Section 2 will give a brief overview of principal economic and financial developments to situate monetary policy in the context of economic developments in Vietnam. Section 3 describes the monetary policy framework currently in use in Vietnam, and Section 4 presents empirical results on the determinants of inflation and the role of monetary factors. 2. 2.1 Background: macroeconomic developments Economic growth and inflation ...
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... which seeks to explain and make good predictions of real world phenomena then translate them to accounting practice, rather than prescribing such practice. For example, which particular accounting policies are likely to be adopted by a firm; or how a firm will react to the recently introduced accounting standards. This theory is based on the proposition that individuals (e.g. managers, shareholders and regulators) are rational and that they are motivated to maximize their own benefits, so they organize themselves efficiently. However, the limitation is people tend to lose the notions of morality and ethics. Positive accounting theory is also help to explain the relationships between individuals and the role accounting play in such relationships, like agency relationship. The agency relationship describes the relationship between the principals (e.g. shareholders) and agents (e.g. managers). Rely on the assumptions of self-interest and wealth maximization; the agents are motivated to behalf their own best interests rather than those of the principals. In addition, managers have access to information not always available to principals which causes the information asymmetry. The costs of divergent behavior are defined as agency costs. In order to minimize the agency costs, principals tie the...
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...desires warrant such training. The Company expects all Team Members/Associates to: Begin work on time and complete a productive, full work day. Exhibit a respectful, nice, and positive attitude toward other Team Associates and to our customers. Comply with the policies, requirements, and procedures adopted by the Company. Follow directions and instructions from their supervisor regarding normal work activity. Not interfere with the orderly work of others and not loiter on company premises while off duty. Unauthorized appearance on company premises while off duty is strongly discouraged and your presence must not interfere with the orderly work of others who are on duty. These expectations should not be interpreted as discouraging any Team Member from presenting a work-related complaint to Greystar management while off duty. Ensure personal matters do not interfere with your productivity or the productivity of others. Company X retains the right to use all executive functions, including, but not limited to, the right to: Assign, manage, and supervise the performance of Team Members. Transfer Team Members. Terminate the employment of Team Members. Create, change, and eliminate policies, practices, and regulations in...
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...The Legal Department is the policy arm of the Directorate for Ethics and Integrity. Its main objective is to strengthen the Legal and Policy framework to fight corruption and rebuild ethics and integrity in Uganda. With regard to the coordination role, the Legal department is responsible for tracking the enforcement of anti- corruption policy and laws. This exercise is expected to ensure compliance and to enable the identification of challenges that law enforcement agencies face during enforcement and, also a mechanism to identify lacuna in the existing law and, new and emerging issues in the fight against corruption that would require new legislation. Functions of the Department * To Provide legal counsel to the directorate on matters related to the fight against corruption and ensuring ethical governance * To review existing anti- corruption legislation and policy, with a view to proposing ammendments * To identify new and emerging issues in the fight against corruption and develop new legislation or measures to address the same * To ensure compliance with anti- corruption laws and policy by monitoring their implementation * Ensuring that Uganda's legal and policy frame work is in harmony with international anti- corruption legal instruments * To monitor Uganda's compliance with international legal instruments by undertaking periodic self- assessments and reporting. * To widely disseminate anti- corruption laws and policy to the public Staff Establishment ...
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...new work schedule. The company should consider countering the employee’s claim if the shift change evaluation determined an undue hardship, or the employee did not request a shift change. If the evaluation was not conducted and the employee requested a shift adjustment, the employee may have grounds for a claim. The company should consider implementation of an accommodation policy to affirm compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Constructive discharge is a legal construct to describe the situation where the employer makes the workplace environment intolerable to the employee so that the employee will quit rather than being fired. The intent of constructive discharge in this instance is to justify the act of the employee quitting his job equivalent to the action of the employer firing the employee (Dempsey & Petsche, 2006). The definition of intolerable is based on the rationality of a reasonable person. The legal concept of “the "reasonable person" is used to define the standard of care that triggers liability” (Solum, 2011). In our situation it means would a reasonable person find the work change policy harassing and coercive. The employee is attempting to assert that the triggering event for the constructive discharge claim was a violation of his Civil Rights by the company. Title VII of the Civil...
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...will shape a life of bliss or misery; job choice is one such decision. The thought processes and factors considered in such a process are complex and varied; however there have been studies that attempt to explain and quantify this decision process. This essay will apply two of these models, namely Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory to the decision process of Michael Stirling and the choice he must make between a Deputy Principal position at his current school, or leaving to take up the prestigious position of principal at the International School of Melbourne. Through application of these theories, focusing primarily on motivation and job satisfaction variables, it will be clear that Sandra, Michael’s wife, opinion that the ISM position is a better fit for Michael is a reasonable statement. Although the role of Deputy Principal Head of IT is a closer match for Michaels expertise and passion, it will be proposed that this role will have to overcome greater factors of potential dissatisfaction and that the Principal postion contains motivators that will sustain for a longer period. This analysis will provide an insight into the internal thought processes and relationship to the discussed theories which will be summarized into a conclusive judgement. ‘Motivation can broadly be divided into two types namely internal or intrinsic motivation and external or extrinsic motivation’ (Indian Streams Research Journal, 2013, p1.). Motivation is a critical driver of...
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