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Disciplina: Marketing Internaţional, anul al III-lea Tema: Studiu de caz UBS Semestrul de iarnă, anul 2012 Studiu de caz UBS În iunie 1998, Union Bank of Switzerland şi Swiss Bank Corporation (SBC), două dintre cele mai importante bănci elveţiene, cu bogată tradiţie, fuzionau. Entitatea nou apărută avea ţelul să devina una dintre băncile dominante ale lumii. Numele noii organizaţii ar fi trebuit să fie „United Bank of Switzerland”, dar managementul băncii s-a decis pentru UBS, datorită simplităţii cu care ar fi putut fi înţeles pe pieţele internaţionale. Astfel, UBS era un nume de marcă unitar, care îi permitea băncii să se dezvolte uşor pe pieţele internaţionale. Dovadă că, în anul 2004, revista „Business Week” plasa deja brandul UBS pe poziţia 45 în topul celor mai importante 100 de branduri globale. Însă, cu toate acestea, în anul 2003, UBS se afla în faţa unei răscruci, riscând să îşi piardă identitatea şi, în acelaşi timp, credibilitatea. Deşi foarte cunoscută în Elveţia natală, marca era încă anonimă în străinătate. Merryl Linch şi Morgan Stanley erau băncile dominante ale Statelor Unite ale Americii, Barclays se bucura de o popularitate enormă în Marea Britanie, iar, la nivel global, HSBC era una dintre mărcile cel mai uşor de recunoscut. UBS se afla în urma tuturor acestor mărci, fiind forţată să bată pasul pe loc din cauza politicii multi-marcă pe care o adopta. Sfârşitul anilor 1990 şi începutul anilor 2000 au fost perioade de creştere prin achiziţie, în care UBS a cumpărat alte instituţii financiare, adăugându-le mărcile în propriul portofoliu. Greşeala făcută de UBS a fost că nu şi-a personalizat ofertele exclusiv cu propriul brand, ci cu un co-branding alături de mărcile achiziţionate. Astfel, în lumea bancară a începutului anilor 2000 se vorbea de UBS Paine Webber sau UBS Warburg, ambele submărci ale UBS, iar clienţii nu mai ştiau cu ce anume să asocieze brandul UBS. Politica multi-brand crea confuzie în rândul clienţilor. „Cine vrea să fie considerat un jucător global, nu poate atinge acest ţel printr-o politică multimarcă”, spune Brian Boylan, de la firma de consultanţă în branding internaţional „Wolff Olins”1. Părerea era conştientizată şi de Mark Branson, director de comunicare la UBS: „Având în vedere că ne-am bazat creşterea pe achiziţiile altor instituţii financiare, venise momentul să acordăm mai multă atenţie brandului”2. UBS trebuia să renunţe la celelalte mărci din portofoliu şi să se concentreze exclusiv asupra mărcii mamă. Uşor de spus, greu de făcut, deoarece rebrandingul în sectorul financiar nu este un proces simplu: şi aşa este foarte greu pentru companiile care oferă servicii financiare să se diferenţieze una de alta. Sectorul bancar este perceput ca omogen, unde ofertele sunt foarte asemănătoare, iar o eventuală competiţie purtată prin

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Financial Times, 18 aprilie 2005, „Three letters gain a personality”, de Haig Simonian Idem

Disciplina: Marketing Internaţional, anul al III-lea Tema: Studiu de caz UBS Semestrul de iarnă, anul 2012 intermediul politicii de preţ nu s-ar fi potrivit tocmai bine imaginii UBS, o marcă ţintind spre un oarecare grad de lux. În cele din urmă, UBS a renunţat la mărcile adiacente. Mişcarea avea să fie costisitoare. Renunţarea la „Paine Webber”, în anul 2002, a însemnat o pierdere de un miliard de dolari americani, atât cât valora marca. Rămânea marca „Warburg”, la care directorii băncii nu ştiau dacă să renunţe sau nu, deoarece era foarte cunoscută la nivel european, în comparaţie cu anonimitatea iniţialelor UBS. În cele din urmă, au decis să renunţe la marcă, din cauza conotaţiilor puternice pe care le avea cu City of London, polul financiar al lumii. Or, UBS dorea să fie o marcă de sine stătătoare, neasociată cu alte locuri, ci percepută ca un jucător disponibil global. Cerinţa Eşti în anul 2003. Directorii băncii au optat pentru o politică monomarcă. Ca director de comunicare al UBS, trebuie să dezvolţi un plan de marketing care să asigure mărcii popularitate şi acceptanţă la nivel global.

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