...Abstract This paper will provide a definition and history of victimology as well as give examples of real life victims. Second, this paper will discuss how victimology is different from criminology, sociology and psychology. This paper will also discuss hate crimes, the first safe house for battered women, children’s rights groups. Finally, this paper will also discuss organizations that provide advocacy for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse and homicides. Introduction to Victimology Victimology is the study of victims of crime and the interactions between the victim and the perpetrator (victimology, 2006). Victimology is to investigate the victims role in the commission of crimes and sometimes the psychological effect those crimes have on the victims (victimology, 2007). Today’s criminal justice system is a fairly new appearance, in the middle ages victims themselves were responsible for dealing with criminals on their own as there were no authorities to enforce the law. Murder has always been unacceptable behavior, but it was always up to the victims or their survivors to determine the course of action to be taken against the person committing the crime. In 2200 B.C.E. was when Law of Moses, the Code of Hammurabi and Roman law all consisted of elements to individual responsibility for harms committed against others (Doerner & Lab, 2008). It was until the 1940’s that the criminal justice system decided to not only focus their time in...
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...XXXXXX Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Divorce Sociology Sociology can be defined as the scientific study of human social institutions and relationships. It studies the origin of the human society, development of institutions and organizations. Sociology is one of the social sciences, which use varying methods of investigation and critical analysis in order to develop knowledge that is related to human social activities, functions, and structures. Most of the sociologists conduct research, which is applied to welfare and social policy. Other sociologists base their focus on the refinement of theoretical understanding of the social processes. There are various areas that sociology focus on. They include social class, social stratification, race, culture, gender, sexuality, religion law as well as mobility. As there has been the interaction of social structures and individual based relations, sociology has expanded to include other areas such as medical, military, health, the Internet, and the role of social activity in developing scientific based knowledge. Social researchers use various techniques, which include quantitative and qualitative ones (Giddens and Griffiths, 2006). Social Imagination Social imagination is a form of insight provided by sociology. It is the understanding of the fact that social outcomes are based on the social actions, actors, and social context. This is the understanding that there are...
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...The science of sociology came in the wake of the immense changes in society during the 19th century. As Karl Marx focused on the consequences of the Industrialization and the living conditions for the working class, Emile Durkheim was more focused on the dissolving ties between humans in society. Despite their different perspectives, these early thinkers had a common fundamental concern about the future, in means of the changes and the subsequent consequences for the individuals and society. These classics generated the basis for the typical sociological type of thinking; seeing the connections between major changes in society and the individual acts and living conditions. In short term - sociology is both the study of individuals and the society as a whole. As a newcomer to the special field of sociology, I find the term of sociological imagination as the most applicable and understandable term to understand the complex and broad field of sociology. Thereby i state my thesis: Is social imagination the best and simplest way to understand the field of sociology? Sociological imagination was coined by C. Wright Mills (1959) as the process of linking individual biographies to the larger social contexts. By this perspective one can say that the sociological imagination can help explain humans and society by seeing "the human in society and the society within humans". According to Peter Berger this connection can be portrayed by thinking that: "Every individual biography is...
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...And neglect, which is difficult to identify and define. At times abuse is difficult to recognize, especially if it is someone whom you have lived with for many years or a close friend. It is mainly children and the elderly who tend to get abused. If a child has been abused for years, they may think that it’s just the way life is and nothing can be done about it. Others may blame themselves and do not reach out for help. Also, when people see the way their parents are abusive, they think the act is okay. Also known as domestic abuse, in which one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person. Domestic violence and abuse are used for the sole purpose to gain and maintain total control over a person. According to www.childrensrights.org, in 2009 there were 3.6 million reports of child maltreatment in the US involving more than 6 million children. Of those 3.6 million reports, 690,000 children were found to be victims. Of those victims 78.3 percent suffered neglect, 17.8 percent suffered physical abuse, 9.5 percent suffered from sexual abuse, 7.6 percent suffered from emotional abuse, and 2.4 percent suffered from medical neglect. And three-fourths of the child victims were first time...
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...The first chapter begins with a personal retelling of Joshua and his husband’s, Richard, efforts to build their family through egg donation, in vitro fertilization, and surrogacy. He details the complex path they took to conceive their first child, Reba, using egg donation from one friend, sperm from himself, and the womb of Joshua’s ex-girlfriend, who remains a very close friend. Next we meet a single mother, Rachel, who never successfully found “the one” to begin a family with, and instead, ventured into single motherhood enlisting the help of an adoption agency who found her son halfway around the world in Ethiopia— a boy whose biological parents died months apart, left in the care of his maternal grandmother who did not have the means to care for him, and consequently turned him over to a local orphanage. Then there is Maureen and Julia, a married couple, who...
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...Important terms from sociology related to crime: 1. Aggression: it is hostile, injurious, or destructive intended behavior directed towards harming or injuring another person or persons. Aggression results from anger, frustration, or even provocation. It can be expressed physically or communicated verbally or non-verbally through negative body language. There are two forms of aggression, hostile aggression- aggression that stems from angry feelings example a child throws a temper tantrum after her mom refuses to buy a candy. Instrumental aggression- it is a form of aggression resulted to achieve a goal. Example two children fighting over the same toy and one of them is hitting the other to take the toy. http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs70/f/2010/330/a/8/sociology___deviance_6_by_kanmuri_san-d33ofxl.png Citation: (Ritzer & Ryan, 2011, p. 9) 2. Capital punishment: it is a punishment of death for committing a serious crime. There are different methods of capital punishment like- disembowelment (example beheading ), electrocution (the electric chair), shooting, and also hanging, these are just a few ways, from which hanging is the most common form of death penalty. Capital punishment is legal in India. The most recent examples of death penalty in India being Ajmal kasab in 2012 and Afzal guru in 2013. Currently there are 135 countries that have abolished death penalty and around 62 countries including India that have retained...
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...Victimology Shawn Everett AIU Online Abstract This paper will discuss victimology, civil rights movement, children’s rights, crisis centers, and safe houses as well as list organizations and other resources. Victimology Victimology is considered the study of victimization which includes connections between both victim and the offender as well as the interactions between the victim and our criminal justice system which can include the police, courts, and correction officials. It’s also important to know that victimology is not limited to the connection between the victim, offender, and the criminal justice system, but it can also involve connections between social movements and many forms of human rights violations (Stevens, 2003). Victimology was born in the 1940’s after two criminologist from Europe named Von Hentig and Mendelson, also known as the fathers of victimology began studying victims of crimes. Their theory was that the victim’s behavior as well as their attitude was the cause of the crime to be committed. During its birth, the focus of victimology was on how the victims were equally responsible for certain crimes with the offender (Carson, 2009). By the 1960’s the focus of victimology shifted towards the rights of victims due to movements such as the Civil Rights movements and the feminist movements. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s victimology turned towards ways to stop future crimes from happening, help victims of crimes to become organized and empowered...
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...Sociology is the “systematic, scientific study of human soci ety.” Human society is a pretty big topic. Sociologists study dyads, groups and networks, orga nizations, communities, culture, society, and even global relations. In some senses it seems like you can study almost anything and call it sociology. I t isn’t what they study that makes someone a sociologist, h owever, but how they think about it and how they study it. Imagine a friend of yours confides in you that she is pregnant and is not planning to marry the father . At first you wonder if she was raped, but she tells yo u the father is someone she was dating, she agreed to have sex with him, and she turned down an invitatio n to marry him. You might wonder why her behavior is so different from what you think it sho uld be. If you were raised in this country, where we tend to be better amateur psychologists than we are amateur sociologists, you would probably conclude that your friend has mental problems, isn’t thinkin g very clearly, or is not a very good person. In o ther words, you would probably explain your friend’s beh avior in terms of what goes on inside of her and think that she has a personal problem . In contrast, a sociologist would be curious abou t what life at home was like for your friend, whether people from her background respect mothers more than they respect women without children, and if the father o f her child was ready for the...
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...The Family Life Cycle Starla Zelaya Sociology October 3, 2014 The Family Life Cycle Starla Zelaya Sociology October 3, 2014 Starla Zelaya Sociology October 3, 2014 Ms. Marilynn Tulcey The Family Life Cylce: An Annotated Bibliography “Erik and Elena Brewer’s Weblog”. February 12, 2012. Paragraph 1. This paragraph explains how the family makes up society. Family.Dictionary.com. This online Dictionary defines “family”. “The Family Life Cylce”. Psychology Wiki. This page explains the family life cycle. The family is defined as “a basic social unit consisting of parents and their children, considered as a group, whether dwelling together or not.” (Dictionary.com). It is said that, next to God, family is the most important thing in this life. In Erik and Elena’s Weblog they posted that “the family is the bedrock of society and can be proven by the fact that all over the world every society is structured by the same pattern. A man and woman marry and form a family. This process is repeated multiple times making multiple families which form villages, regions, and eventually countries. When several countries come together they form a continent and all of the continents make up the world.” For the society to develop, the family goes through eight stages. These stages are known as the Family Life Cycle. The first stage is known as the Family of origin experiences stage. During this stages the children learns how to maintain relationships with not only their...
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...people in face-to-face interactions * Macrosociology involves the study of widespread social processes #2 * Marx, Weber, and Durkheim were disturbed by the social processes they believed to be driving the change, such as the quest for solidarity, the attainment of social goals, and the rise and fall of classes, to name a few examples. * They were also the first to employ the sociological imagination which is the ability to situate personal troubles within an informed framework of social issues #12 * Armchair sociology is an attempt to understand how the social world works without employing scientific methods #5 * Genie Wiley was a feral child who was the victim of extraordinarily severe abuse, neglect and social isolation. Her circumstances are prominently recorded in the annals of abnormal child psychology. #1 * Quantitative sociology is generally a numerical approach to understanding human behavior. Surveys with large numbers of participants are aggregated into data sets and analyzed using statistics, allowing researchers to discern patterns in human behavior. * Qualitative sociology generally opts for depth over breadth. The qualitative approach uses in-depth interviews, focus groups, or analysis of content sources (books, magazines, journals, TV shows, etc.) as the data source. These sources are then analyzed systematically to discern patterns and to arrive at a better understanding of human behavior. #4 * A hypothesis is a theoretical explanation...
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...Intro to Sociology Article Assignment 2 This article is nearly impossible to read without looking at things through the sociological perspective. Social patterns are changing rapidly and in this article, it is technology that is the main driving factor. A New York based company named “Genepeeks” will begin offering DNA screening for sperm donors before inducing a pregnancy. The screening would match the DNA of the potential father and mother together to see how the two combine. With the results of the screening, scientists can then look for DNA matches with a higher risk of rare recessive paediatric conditions. This new process goes a step further than current services that are already provided. Current services simply screen one or both parents’ genes to see if they would be considered a carrier for disease when combined with similar variants. Genepeeks advances this technology by computer simulating 10,000 hypothetical children and looking for actual disease rather than just carrier status. Anne Morris is a co-founder of Genepeeks. Anne was motivated to find this company because she gave birth to a child via sperm donation and her child inherited a disorder called MCAAD. Her child is still able is able to lead a normal life but she realizes that about 30% of children with rare genetic diseases don’t make it past age 5. Questions of ethics began to arise right away but she assured that the screening was simply for genetic diseases and not for outward appearance of the...
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...Reflective Essay Introduction to Sociology Nicola McMenamin 730353x Word Count: 1579 40 % Dr. John McCormack October 21st 2012 Sociology "The art of life lies in taking pleasures as they pass, and the keenest pleasures are not intellectual, nor are they always moral", this quote was once said by a Greek secular artist, by reading this quote one can presume that most philosophers and thinkers alike look for a deeper meaning within their lives and throughout society. Previous to this course my viewpoint and attitude were based on the people of which I surround myself with, the life experiences I have encountered and the way in which we make our decisions and why. Following my studies I have found this foundation of my knowledge to be valid and rather accurate although there are numerous factors which make up our decisions and how we end up where we are, studying sociology has assisted me in becoming more aware of different factors which I may have not considered to make up a society and how in turn this has enhanced my sense of identity. In relation to individuality and where I am in society I have found there are a number of entities which define me within the social order, that being of where I have lived in the world, the people I surround myself with, the cultures I have endured and seen, the values I was taught as a child and to this day as an adult and the way...
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...Kindergarten and First Grade Keisha Thompson ENG/130 November 23, 2011 Dr. Janet Smith Kindergarten and First Grade Kindergarten opens the doors to a lifetime fascination for learning. It also prepares them for first grade which is also referred to as “big school.” Many parents believe these two grades share the exact same qualities. Though they may have some similarities, they are very different. Kindergarten and first grade differentiate in environment settings, ways of teaching, and expectations. Parents should be aware of these differences and prepare their children for these stages. Kindergarten sets the foundation for young children. For most children Kindergarten is their first organized class. The teachers try to make the children feel at home as much as possible. The classrooms are usually decorated with lots of color, their artwork, and different banners of ABC’s and numbers. At this stage teacher are a bit more nurturing towards their students. Kindergarten teachers are responsible for igniting a lifetime appreciation of learning for children. They introduce new ways to learn, through song, rhymes, and critical thinking (Jennings & DiPrete, 2010). According to the Sociology of Education Journal, Kindergarten teachers assist children in learning new innovative ways that they may carry on through their educational career. When it comes to math children work with physical material to solve basic addition and subtraction problems. Children do more group work...
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... How can schools, mass media and the peer group socialize the child? Children are socialized in different ways as they grow. They learn and adopt ways of life from different sources like the schools, clubs, and peers to name just a few. Here the writer is going to explain how schools, mass media and peer groups socialize the child. He is also going to define socialization before he goes deeper with the explanation. Giddens (2001:26) defines socialization as “The process by which children or other new members of society, learn the way of life of their society” Gwirayi (2010:14) says, “Socialization is that process through which an individual becomes an acceptable member of his or her society by acquiring those norms, values and beliefs that are considered desirable in that society”. Haralambos and Holborn (2004) takes socialization The process by which people are discouraged from carrying out badly functions in public such as defecation come to be seen as something which should not be discussed or performed in view or sound of others. The writer, with reference to the above authors’ views sees socialization as a process by which pupils or individuals learn a culture acceptable to a society in which they dwell. This socialization process as once stated is done at different socializing agents and places, the school being one of them. The school imparts values, norms and religions to the child. Morgan Zintec Module (2010:20) defines a school as a formal institution...
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...Gender Identity Paper Brandie Thurman PSY/340 May 25, 2013 Dr. Stephanie Sencil-White There are many biological, psychological, and sociological factors involved in the formation of gender identity. Gender identity is not completely understood as it is much more complex than the joining of a sperm and an egg. For many people, the terms “gender” and “sex” are interchangeable. Biological sex and gender are different; gender is not inherently connected to one’s physical anatomy as biological sex is. When one thinks’ of the term “gender”, we are referring to the role and personalities one assumes within society, for example in American culture females tend to be perceived as more nurturing and males are aggressive and dominant. Hormones and behavior affect gender identity in significant ways each with a distinct purpose. To understand the difference of biological sex and gender, nature versus nurture, and how the environment has an effect this paper will review and explain the interactions between hormones and behaviors and how those interactions affect the determination of gender identity. Gender development starts at the point one is conceived. Gender identity is defined as an individual’s self conception of being either male or female, as distinguished from actual biological sex (Britannica, 2013). Gender differences exist in nearly every social phenomena and for most persons, gender identity and biological characteristics are the same however there are some circumstances...
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