...Theoretical Analysis of Narrative of Migration Hannah is a migrant from Philippines who came to UK in 1985. This analysis will review the original narrative of migration and determine the topics that will be examined in depth. In addition, the analysis will explore the historical and socio-cultural aspects of Philippine migration and the formation of Filipino diaspora in the UK. The concept of identity and the idea of homeland and hostland will be analysed in the context of diaspora community. Furthermore, this analysis will reflect on the issues related to cross-cultural transmission of values and identify the influence of diaspora communities in contemporary British society. Hannah migrated to UK together with her mother and three brothers as dependents of the father who came few years earlier for employment in London. According to available data of Philippine Embassy in London (PEL), there are approximately 250,000 Filipino migrants in the UK (PEL, 2011a). However, the original narrative lacks detailed description of the Filipino diaspora in the UK to support a conclusive definition of this community. This analysis will review all available information from the narrative and other data gathered about the history of Philippine migration to UK. The first wave of Filipino labour migration took place from 1900 to early 1940s with USA as main destination (Gonzales 1998, p.26). The second wave was from 1940s to early 1970s. After World War II, Filipino war veterans and...
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...article Borden explains how he first began using this term in the late 1940's after James Culliton described the marketikng manager as a "mix of ingredients". These ingredients in Borden's teachings included product, planning, price, branding, distribution channels, personal selling, advertising, promotions, packaging, display, servicing, physical handling, and fact finding analysis. These ingredients were later grouped by E. Jerome McCarthy into four categories which we now refer to as the four p's of marketing (NetMBA 2007). The four p's of marketing make up the marketing mix which is probably the most well known of all the marketing terms. "Its elements are the basic, tactical components of a marketing plan. The four p's, of the marketing mix elements are product, place, promotion and price" (Marketing teacher 2009). These four elements create the marketing mix which impacts the development of any organization's marketing strategies and tactics. The concept is simple. Think about a cake and the components of a cake. There are certain ingredients that are required but one can alter how much of each ingredient is added. The same goes with marketing. The four p's are required but depending on the organization there may be more emphasis on one and less on another. But one thing remains the same, all four p's are necessary. "The majority of people use the four p's but some will use the five p's and add people. Others may even go up to seven and add people, physical evidence (such as uniforms...
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...Accountability and Rhetoric during a Crisis: Walt Disney’s 1940 Letter to Stockholders Joel H. Amcrnic UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO and Russell J. Craig AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY ACCOUNTABILITY AND RHETORIC DURING A CRISIS: WALT DISNEY’S 1940 LETTER TO STOCKHOLDERS Abstract: In 1940, Walt Disney was faced with crafting a message of corporate accountability under duress. His company, the product of his creative genius, had been forced to submit to public accountability. It had a pressing need to raise preferred equity finance for a major expansion during a period of market uncertainty, war, and reported losses. This paper conducts a “close reading” of the “Letter to Stockholders” in Walt Disney Productions’ 1940 annual report, the first such letter signed by Walt Disney. The letter’s rhetorical features, including metaphor and ideology, are examined in the context of the times. What is revealed is an accountability document skillfully crafted with the exigencies faced by Disney’s company firmly in mind. The letter offers suggestive insight to the world as Disney made sense of it. The paper contributes to understanding the use of rhetoric by top management in activities related to aspects of financial accountability and reporting. It also helps to understand better a significant public persona of the 20th century, Walt Disnev. Acknowledgment The authors wish to acknowledge the helpful comments of the reviewers. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES Analysis of annual reports, including letters by CEOs to...
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...Competitors: 3 John Lewis Partnership 4 Factors affecting financial Performance: 5 Analysis of Data Available 6 Revenue and Growth: 6 Profitability Ratios: 6 Gross Profit: 7 ROCE: 7 Net Profit Margin 8 Net Asset Turnover 8 EBITDA/Capital employed 9 Activity Ratios 9 Debtor days 9 Creditor days 10 Stock days 10 Cash Conversation Cycle 11 Sales/net current assets 12 Liquidity ratios 13 Current Ratio 13 Quick Ratio 13 Gearing Ratios 13 Capital Gear Ratio 13 Debt/Equity Ratio 14 Interest cover and interest gearing 14 Investor ratios 14 Return on equity 14 Dividend per share 14 Earnings per share 15 Dividend cover 15 Price/earnings ratio 15 Dividend yield 15 Earnings yield 15 Appendix: 18 Key Facts 19 Introduction Mark and Spencer: History: The foundation of Marks and Spencer plc was laid when Michael Marks, a small retailer, entered into a partnership with Tom Spencer, who was a cashier at a wholesale company, in 1894. In 1901, they acquired a warehouse in Manchester and in 1904, acquired retail premises in Leeds. In 1914, when the company was being run by their successors, Marks & Spencer bought the Penny Bazaar Company in London. In 1920, they adopted a policy change, and instead of buying from wholesalers started buying directly from manufacturers. In 1926, they started selling textiles, and in 1930 opened their flagship store at Marble Arch in London. Their food department was opened up in 1931. Between 1930 and 1955, the company tried...
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...defined as “the study of crime victims and the psychological effects on being a victim.” (Dictionary, 2013) Let’s take a look at why victimology is so important know a days. Here are some startling numbers from 2010. “The city of Detroit, Michigan literally looks like a war zone and violent crime is thriving. So far this year in Detroit, car thefts are up 83%, robberies are up 50%, burglaries are up 20% and property destruction is up 42%. Lawmakers in Illinois say that violence has become so rampant in Chicago that the National Guard needs to be sent in. In just one night last week seven people were killed and 18 were wounded – mostly by gunfire. In fact, there have already been 113 murders in Chicago this year. There are approximately 12 million crimes committed in the United States every single year. That is by far the worst in the world. No other nation has more than about 6 million reported crimes per year.” (Michael, 2010) With these types of numbers, there is a very big need for the victims of these crimes. There have been victims of crimes since the beginning of man; however there was no thought to study the victims until the 1940s and 1950s when a group of people, Hans von Hentig, Benjamin Mendelsohn, and Henri Ellenberger started to study victims. “Victimology first emerged in the 1940s and ‘50s, when several criminologists examined...
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...Churchill the Writer Winston Churchill (1874-1965) is one of the most celebrated, criticized, and without question debated political figures in world history. While Churchill had a long and controversial political career, most notably his nine years as Prime Minster of Great (1940-45, 1951-55), his fame, something many view as a crucial aspect of his life he thrived off of and live for, spanned well beyond the years he held various positions in political office. Churchill was born and raised in the Victorian Era, a time in which the British Empire was at its peak as the world’s strongest power. When studying almost any aspect of Churchill’s life, his romantic vision of Britain as a thriving empire and world power holds a strong precedence. Many historians study Churchill through his political career, aiming to validate claims both for and against Churchill as hero of his time. There is expansive research and volumes of evaluations on Churchill’s decision making and the associated success and failures that ensued. While the never ending debate on the quality of his leadership goes on, Churchill’s career as a writer and his extensive published works are commonly overlooked. This paper analyzes Churchill the writer and how his works not only paint a vivid picture of his life and times, but are also a self-reflection of the man he was and the man he wanted to be. Churchill once stated, “Writing a book is an adventure. To begin with it is a toy then an amusement. Then it becomes...
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...Overview Company Brief Adidas is on the move and always has been: It has had an adventurous history since it first grew out of a family business in Herzogenaurach, Germany in the 1920s. With the hostile separation of two brothers’ interests in the 1940s, nearly going bust in the 1980s and then executing two rescue operations, first by sending production offshore to Asia and then by reinventing itself into a design and marketing company, Adidas has riden the waves of change in the sports goods sector both up and down. Alongside its own brands, it owned the Saloman ski and sportswear brand for nearly a decade and now includes the Reebok, Taylormade Golf and Rockport brands in its stable. Company Highlights * BECOMING A TRUE MULTI-SPORTS SPECIALIST From Herzogenaurach to the world: the 3-Stripes kept expanding to more and more sports throughout the years. This is reflected in the broad range of athletes who trust adidas to make them better: besides the usual suspects such as the world’s best football players, like the Argentinean national team, outdoor icon Reinhold Messner climbed mountains in adidas shoes and gymnast Nadia Comaneci scored a perfect 10, repeatedly. * A COMPUTER FOR YOUR FEET, It sounds quite common today, but back in the ‘80s, a computer did not belong, much less fit, in your shoe. Didn’t stop adidas from putting it in there. An innovation ahead of its time, the Micropacer featured a system – known today as miCoach – providing performance statistics...
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...hunting." The global pharmaceutical industry had done tremendous contribution to mankind, but now pharmaceutical companies are facing tough time in a decade. The case is broken in to different parts which is emphasized on how internal and external factors affecting the industry firstly, the main environmental forces currently affecting the industry through PEST analysis. Secondly, the implications of the changes in business environment that is internal factors through porter's five force theory. Finally, the use and limitations of the tools applied to solve case are discussed. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION The present pharmaceutical industries are non-assembled and more of competitive but it had emerged in early 19th century in the Rhine valley near Basel Switzerland where dyestuffs were found to have antiseptic properties. Companies like Hoffman-la rochy, Sandoz, Novartis are all started as Rhine based family dyestuff and chemical companies, which are still doing tremendous business even to day. Slowly these chemical companies started making pharmaceuticals and synthetic chemicals and evolved as global players. In early 1940's the industry showed drastic changes such as introduction of penicillin and other drugs. In 1960's industry growing rapidly with the setting up of R&D not only this economies prospered by the spending on health care in same period. In 1970's industry showed major development but a strong regulatory controls also came into existence with this development, and...
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...from traditional work in economic geography mainly in adopting a modelling strategy that exploits the same technical tricks that have played such a large role in the ‘new trade’ and ‘new growth’ theories; these modelling tricks, while they preclude any claims of generality, do allow the construction of models that—unlike most traditional spatial analysis—are fully general-equilibrium and clearly derive aggregate behaviour from individual maximization. The new work is highly suggestive, particularly in indicating how historical accident can shape economic geography, and how gradual changes in underlying parameters can produce discontinuous change in spatial structure. It also serves the important purpose of placing geographical analysis squarely in the economic mainstream. I. INTRODUCTION The study of spatial economics—of the location of production—has a long if somewhat thin history. Von Thünen’s (1826) analysis of land rent and use around an isolated city was roughly contemporaneous with Ricardo’s statement of comparative advantage; the location analysis of Weber (1909), the central-place theory of Christaller (1933) and Lösch (1940), the regional science of Isard (1956), and the urban systems theory of Henderson (1974) are all old and well-established ideas. None the less, the simple model developed in Krugman (1991) is widely regarded as having given birth to something called the ‘new economic geography’, and has certainly stimulated the emergence of a new wave of theorizing...
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...the core of these media is language, communication and the making of meaning, which is obviously of great interest to linguists. As Fairclough (1995a: 2) points out, the substantively linguistic and discoursal nature of the power of the media is a strong argument for analysing the mass media linguistically. Central to the connection between media studies and studies of the language used in the media (media discourse studies) is the importance placed on ideology. A major force behind the study of ideology in the media is Stuart Hall (see, for example, Hall 1973, 1977, 1980, 1982). Hall (1982), in his influential paper, notes that the study of media (or ‘mass communication’) has had a chequered past. He charts its early years from the 1940s to the 1960s as being dominated by what he terms sociological approaches of ‘mainstream’ American behavioural science (Hall’s emphasis). From the 1960s began the emergence of an alternative paradigm, a ‘critical’ one. In looking at ideology in the media, one is essentially taking a critical stance. As Hall puts it, ‘the simplest way...
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...great significance, as terrorists use violence as a psychological weapon by terrorising the multitude, rather than physically affect a few, and in this sense, they fight a psychological war also. The relevance of psychological operations is much greater than the successful conduct of tactical operations. This article is an attempt to conceptualise the term PSYOPs in the Indian context. The changed dynamics of international relations following the end of the Cold War and changes in the South Asian strategic landscape, postSeptember 11, have made PSYOPs more relevant for the region. It is also important to know that differences between various related concepts like Propaganda, Information Warfare, and Perception Management are waferthin, and may lead to contested perceptions amongst various agencies working under the overall ambit of national security, if not viewed in the current perspective. Therefore, clarity of the concept will set the stage for an effective implementation of policies and help in setting up of a policy structure in India (which does exist today in loosely knit shape) for national level coordination of PSYOPs. Alongside the need for a disciplined, trained, and well-equipped manpower to combat national security challenges, it is also essential to have a comprehensive and effective machinery to conduct psychological operations. Such a machinery must then cover the entire spectrum of the socio-psychological threat in all...
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...VALUE ENGINEERING VALUE ENGINEERING Background Value Engineering which for the remainder of this module will be referred to as VE is a relative newcomer to the construction industry. However it has been in use in other industries since the Second World War. In keeping with many management techniques VE started life in the USA. L D Miles one of the gurus in the subject introduced VE into GEC in the 1940s. In the mid 1950s the USA Department of the Navy began routinely to incorporate incentive clauses in procurement contracts. VE began as a method of overcoming shortages during and just after the Second World War and involved widespread substitution of goods What is it? VE comprises: • A systematic approach • A concentration on value and not cost • The removal of unnecessary cost without reducing value The main objective is to improve the value of the end product or service whereby the clients receives more for their money. This could be defined as an organised approach to the identification and elimination of unnecessary cost without loss of function. Unnecessary cost means cost which provides neither use nor life nor quality nor appearance nor customer features. What it isn’t VE is none of the following • An attack on the quality or appearance of the project • A cost cutting exercise • A criticism of the design professionals • A review of the constructability of the project There are all too many examples of techniques...
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...sexism, lack of rights, and underprivileged circumstances. Not only have men always been put before women, but men have been a constant in the subordination of women and a cause of lack of progression made. With all of the hard work women endure and go through to support their husband and family, they receive no recognition, just the degrading treatment to remind them that their husband rules over them, that they have no say, and no right to do anything without permission from their spouse. Luckily over time, Indigenous Andean women’s rights, roles, and health have developed greatly since the 1940’s due to the development of education, knowledge, empowerment, and opportunity growth for women in Latin America. In this paper I have brought to attention the rough and unfair circumstances that Latin American indigenous women of the Andes have had to endure since the 1940’s to present day. The first subject brought to attention is the topic of marriage and what it entails for a woman of the time. Also included is the role of them woman and how they are treated and disrespected by their husbands in the early decades of this century. The I continue to dicuss how in future years circumstances change, and how women become more independent and even the role’s of the household out more, if not totally turn them around. Finally, I discuss the matter of health care to indigenous women in the Andes and how their culture has affected many aspects of their decisions concerning their health...
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...sector can and should manage change. It is shown that the privatisation was characterised by a lack of clarity, an over-emphasis on changes to structures and procedures, and staff resistance. However, underpinning this was an inappropriate approach to change. The article concludes that the main lessons of the PSA’s privatisation are that, in such circumstances, it is necessary to adopt an approach to change which incorporates both the structural and cultural aspects of change, and which recognises the need to appreciate and respond to staff fears and concerns. 94 The International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, 2001, pp. 94-110. # MCB University Press, 0951-3558 Introduction From Kurt Lewin’s work in the 1940s to the present day, organisational change, as a systematic process, has moved from...
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...Investigating the presentation of speech, writing and thought in spoken British English: A corpus-based approach1 Dan McIntyre a, Carol Bellard-Thomson b, John Heywood c, Tony McEnery c, Elena Semino c and Mick Short c a Liverpool Hope University College, UK, b University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, c Lancaster University, UK Abstract In this paper we describe the Lancaster Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation (SW&TP2) Spoken Corpus. We have constructed this corpus to investigate the ways in which speakers present speech, thought and writing in contemporary spoken British English, with the associated aim of comparing our findings with the patterns revealed by the previous Lancaster corpus-based investigation of SW&TP in written texts. We describe the structure of the corpus and the archives from which its composite texts are taken. These are the spoken section of the British National Corpus, and archives currently housed in the Centre for North West Regional Studies (CNWRS) at Lancaster University. We discuss the decisions that we made concerning the selection of suitable extracts from the archives, the re-transcription that was necessary in order to use the original CNWRS archive texts in our corpus, and the problems associated with the original archived transcripts. Having described the sources of our corpus, we move on to consider issues surrounding the mark-up of our data with TEI-conformant SGML, and the problems associated with capturing in electronic form the CNWRS...
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