...UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE ECON90015 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS SEMESTER 2, 2012 ASSIGNMENT Assessment This assignment contributes to 20% of the final assessment Word Limit This assignment should be no longer than 2000 words (excluding tables, footnotes and appendix). Please keep within the word limit as marks may be deducted if the assignment is too long. Cover sheet Make sure you put a cover sheet on your assignment identifying student names and ID numbers, your tutor and tutorial times. Also put the word count for the assignment on the cover sheet. Due date 8 October 2012, 4.00 pm. Instructions for Assignment The assignment will involve group work. Students will be required to form a group of three students to prepare the assignment. Students are encouraged to form these groups as soon as possible. Membership of groups can be across lecture streams and tutorials. Each group should nominate a group leader to manage the group process. The group leader should ensure the group members are entered into the ‘Assignment Tool’ and that an electronic copy of the assignment is submitted through the ‘Assignment Tool’ on the subject homepage before the due date. The assignment should be the group's own work and should not have been submitted previously for assessment in another course. It is expected that each member of a group contribute equally to the preparation of the assignment. All students should keep a copy of the assignment. The assignment mark will...
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...Micheal Porter projected five forces model in capacity to analyze competitive strategy of the management in any industry. These forces hold an exigent spectrum of importance in the airline industry because of enormous market saturation. The concentration of airline service providers in the market are more than the actual needed demand. Due to immense competition, the level of competition is enhanced within the complex market offering in terms of technology, prices, in-flight entertainment, customer services, and so on. Hence, this paper is presented to analyze the Porter’s five forces model in the horizon of airline industry. Porter has also given the more enhanced framework of forces by including the sixth force as well, which will subsequently be analyzed according to said industry. Porter’s Six Forces Model Analysis The extension of Porter’s five forces model is actually regarded as Porter’s six forces model. The enhanced stimuli of forces did not gain such popularity as that of its previous model integrating five forces only, because of its less positive acceptance. The model is similar to the five forces model with only difference of sixth force in the framework. Hence, all Porter’s (1980) forces are explained below with their certitude rating in the parameters of airline industry. Force 1: Threats of New Entrants The threat of new firm into the same industry is the force which describes the dependability of new entrants on the entering barriers. These barriers...
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...What affect has and what is the future of airline industry To begin with the purpose of the particular essay will intend to give an explanation about the Porter's five forces. However the discourse will focus on the sixth force and what affect has. The first part of the discussion will be analysed and supported by arguments about the meaning of Porter's five forces. Nevertheless examples for the five forces will mentioned in order to support and take thesis in the particular analysis. However examples about the sixth force will be mentioned in order to give the reader a satisfactory explanation and to make clear the effect that have in airline industry. Afterwards the essay will analyse the future of the airline industry. Finally a conclusion gives the reader a summarizing about the aspects discussed on the analysis. The Airline Industry has changed the people’s life. In addition it has drop the travel time and decrease the distances making possible to visit lands that cannot be imagined in the past. Michael Porter had created a model showing the influence on industry by five forces. This model help the managers to understand better the strategic forces that appear on industry and how they affect profitability. Five forces analyzing five key areas namely competitive rivalry, the threat of substitutes, the threat of entry, the power of buyers and the power of suppliers. Furthermore Porter referred to these forces as the micro-environment, to contrast it with the more general...
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...Five Forces model of Airline Industry Air travel has changed the way people live and experience the world today. The airline industry is a strategic sector that plays a fundamental role in the globalization of other industries since it promotes tourism, world trade, foreign investment and, therefore, leads to economic growth. However, all airlines within the industry operate in a highly dynamic environment where various legal, social, technological and economic forces interact with each other, thus influencing their decisions and actions In the industry where airlines can face severe financial distress due to oil crisis, recessions and terrorist attacks, In order to survive, as well as succeed, the business needs to assess its competitive environment and identify key factors that may influence its actions (Porter, 1998, p.45). The airline industry is very competitive and Michael Porter’s five-forces model can be used to analyse the intensity of the competition and the profitability of this industry. Porter’s five forces model is a business unit strategy tool which is used to make an analysis of the value of an industry structure (Hubbard, 2004, pg 35). The analysis is made by the identification of 5 fundamental competitive forces. These include: Threat of new entrants is high One of the forces identified by this model is the threat of new entrants which refers to the possibility of new competitors entering the industry and undermining the profits of the established...
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...Southwest Airlines Prepared for: Mr. Balasubramanian Shankar Due date: Monday, 5th October 2015 Submitted by: Jiyeon | CT00000000 | TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. COMPANY BACKGROUND 3 3. PESTEL ANALYSIS 4 3.1 Political 4 3.2 Economic 4 3.3 Social 5 3.4 Technological 5 3.5 Environment 5 3.6 Legal 6 4. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 7 4.1 Threat of New Entry 7 4.2 Threat of Substitution 7 4.3 Buyer Power 7 4.4 Supplier Power 8 4.5 Competitive Rivalry 9 5. STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS 10 5.1 Managing Technology Advancements 10 5.2 Maintain Cost Advantage 10 5.3 Geographical Expansion 10 5.4 Product Diversification 11 6. CONCLUSION 12 7. REFERENCES 14 1. INTRODUCTION The focus company in this report is Southwest Airlines (SA), a major low cost carrier in the United States (US). The aim of this report is to examine the current market environment and competitive power of Southwest Airlines. In order to have a substantial overview of its environment, two analyses, the PESTEL analysis and Porter’s Five Forces analysis, will be used to evaluate SA. With the findings, strategic recommendations will be made for the problems that the airline is facing or may encounter in the near future. 2. COMPANY BACKGROUND Southwest Airlines is a budget airline established in 1967 by Rollin King and Herb Kelleher and had its first flight in 1971. Headquartered in Dallas, Texas, SA is an important airline in the...
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...anagment [pic]The Airline Industry And Porter Five Model Forces The Airline is one of the major industries in the world today and is majorly affected by Michael Porter's "Five Forces" model. The following write up conducts an analysis on how the model affects the airline industry today. The central force of Porter's model is Internal Rivalry within the Industry. In case of the Airline industry, this is the most important force today, especially since the market is completely saturated. There are more service providers than needed in both local as well as international markets. The various airlines are competing for the same customer, which also results in strengthening the buyer power, another of Porter's forces. Moreover, a lot of airlines such as Qatar Airways and Emirates have a brand name which they have to defend so they compete in doing so. The airlines are continually competing against each other in terms of prices, technology, in-flight entertainment, customer services and many more areas. The net result of this competition between companies is an overall slow market growth rate. One of the forces that Porter describes is Entry into the industry. In the world today, the airline industry is so saturated that there is hardly space for a newcomer even to squeeze its way in. The biggest for this is the cost of entry. The airline industry is one of the most expensive industries, due to the cost of buying and leasing aircrafts, safety and security measures, customer service...
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...Budget airline industry has been profitable during last decade, and particularly Ryanair, as the largest European budget airline company has been vital in this area. Its success in past, issuses nowadays and importantly the sustainablility has drawn significant attention and offered a great oppourtunity for research. This case study will analysis the budget airline through its business model, evironment and industry and finally focus on Ryanair’s strategy position in order to explore its sustainability in future. The framework is briefly illustrated by following figure. Figure 1: Brief Framework of this Case Study The budget airline business model The first company in history to suggest the budget airline business model to the world was Southwest Airlines (SWA) in Texas, USA. At the beginning of 1970s, this company have launched first flights between three major cities in Texas i.e. Houston, Dallas and San Antonio at a price of 20 dollars, which was initiative at that time. It marked itself as budget airline and initiates a business model allowing it to offer scheduled flights service at a very low fare. It would focus on short-distance flights of typically 600 km or one hour with high traffic efficiency. Many strategic approaches of budget airline business model’s operations differ from the more traditional of full service airlines model. 6 main factors can be identified, which are illustrated in the table below: Budget airline | Full service airlines | ...
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...The Airline Industry In this brief report I will be analyzing the airline industry up to date and I will also look at various aspects including Porters five Forces diagram, key customers and products of the airline industry. The reason for analyzing this brief report is to give the reader with a wider knowledge of the topic. The porter five forces model can be used to assess the competitiveness of the Airline industry. It can also review the competitive within the industry, it also checks for the threat from outside. Key points of Porters five forces model: • Supplier Power: The power of suppliers to drive up the prices of your inputs. Supplier power is reasonably high in airline industries because of the specialist nature of the goods required • Buyer Power: The power of your customers to drive down your prices. The bargaining power of buyers in the airline industry is quite low due to the high cost of switching planes. • Competitive Rivalry: The strength of competition in the industry. Highly competitive industries generally earn low returns because the cost of competition is high. • The Threat of Substitution: The extent to which different products and services can be used in place of your own. Substitutes to the airline industry only carry a small level of risk to existing companies within the sector. • The Threat of New Entry: The force of new entrants is relatively low in the industry. The ease with which new competitors can enter the market if they...
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...CORPORATE STRATEGY Question 1 (25) "Porter's five forces model of industry competition is by far the most widely-used approach in industry and competitive analysis". Using Porter's five forces model, critically analyse Kulula's operation within the air travel industry. Competitive Analysis of Airline Industry Using Porter’s Five-Forces Model Rivalry within the Airline Industry: The nature of rivalry in the airline industry is extremely intense as there are several airlines operating in South Africa. Previous years the domestic airlines consisted of SAA, Comair, Nationwide and Sunair. They charged high prices and customers didn’t have much of a choice but to fly with one of these airlines which makes Kulula’s arrival a welcome new alternative. Larger rivals (SAA) were threatened by Kulula’s arrival and did not want to lose market share. They immediately countered the threat posed by Kulula by launching their “red-eye” campaign which was quickly countered by Kulula’s red-eye campaign and to date a there is a low-intensity price war between SAA and Kulula. Kulula aggressively compete with other airlines through offering the cheapest flights possible in South Africa via their online booking system. No unwanted extras, no free food or drinks in an effort to grab more customers than other competitors. They have to keep their flights more than 80% full in order to turn a profit a very tall order if one consider that other low cost carriers have folded...
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...Contains some excellent elements of independent thinking. A critical appraisal of up to date literature. The report is well written. Students please note that this assignment was graded in the range 70% and above. Students: Please note there is no need to place the basic strategy models in the appendices e.g. Porter’s (1985) Five Forces, SWOT analysis, etc.. It would be more beneficial to apply the models directly to the organisation and place them in the appendices and discuss the main identified issues in the main text. 2 Corporate Strategy: Emirates Airline By Student How has Emirate airline managed to remain competitive in such a saturated industry? Emirates Airline “An exceptional journey from start to finish” (Emirates, 2010). 3 Introduction: ............................................................................................................................... 4 Background to Emirates Airline: ............................................................................................... 4 Competitive Advantage: ............................................................................................................ 5 Porter’s five forces: .................................................................................................................... 5 Competitive Rivalry: .............................................................................................................. 6 Threat of new entrants:...
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...search to find a favorable competitive position in an industry. It aims is to establish profitable and sustainable position against the forces that determine industry competition. Therefore competitive strategy is about beating the competition. To achieve such goals Michael Porter and other advocates such as Mintzberg, McGee and Bowman suggested few market positioning approaches and models. The three main approaches are Porter Generic Competitive Strategies, Mintzberg market positioning and customer matrix. To add up, models such as product life cycle, Porter Five forces model, Strategic Grouping and Scenario planning also help to formulate the competitive strategy of a business. Porters Five forces model is the key influence to other models. This model determines industry profitability because it influences the price, cost and return on investment. Porter believes that the five forces is more than just competing with direct competitors but also fighting for profits. In any industry no matter what it produces whether product or service of any type, there are five bases of competition at work. For instance take an airline industry the level of rivals is high as the other airlines compete closely for global market share and growth. The threat of new entrant is seen as medium mainly because new entrants can purchase second hand aircraft to establish a budget airline. However, securing airport infrastructure, facilities and airline...
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...ANALYSIS OF THE AIRLINES INDUSTRY Introduction The airlines industry in the U.S. provides air transportation services for passengers. To determine the current state of the airlines industry, various analyses were performed. An analysis of the macro-environmental factors affecting the industry was first analyzed. Then, a Porter’s five forces analysis was used to determine the attractiveness of the industry, and current changes in the industry as a whole. Key success factors were analyzed to determine a firm’s ability to thrive within the marketplace. And lastly, a strategic group map was created to assess the companies that are best positioned and worse positioned in the industry, along with a financial analysis of major competitors in the industry. Macro-Environmental Factors Affecting the Industry Macro-Environmental components include, “demographics, social values and lifestyles, political and legal factors, economic conditions, environmental conditions, technological factors, and global forces” (Gamble, Thompson, & Peteraf, 2012, p. 79). The most influential factors in the airlines industry are economic conditions and environmental factors. The economic recession in 2009 greatly affected the airlines industry. Poor economic conditions reduced the demand for consumer and business travel. According to the IBIS World database, “Rising unemployment rates and falling disposable income during the recession resulted in a stark 16.3% decrease in revenue” (Brennan, 2013)...
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...nation and the aviation industry, are also important aspects of the company's strategic direction and focus. Mission Statement Indigo airlines aims to become the number one leader in the low cost airline industry of India, offering the best service and ensuring highest standards of quality at low cost to the customer. Goals and Objectives Non- Financial Indigo airlines aim to attain the utmost rank of customer satisfaction in terms of the service and products offered by the firm. The management ensures that the highest standards of quality are in place at every level to ensure 100% customer satisfaction. Financial The financial goal for the firm is to ensure highest rate of return for the investors and the stakeholders and increasing the profit by following steps. Effective costing of products Cost cutting Increasing the market share by 25% Core Competencies / Competitive Advantage The strengths for indigo airline in the current market situation are the price tag of the tickets and the fact that it has been awarded many times in 2009 as one of the best low cost airlines. The recession was extreme and most of the people who were using services from jet airways and kingfisher came down to low cost airlines (financial express).The market almost doubled for the low cost airlines as in the times of recession companies wanted to cut costs so most of -the official travel (Domestic) was done through low cost airlines. Indigo airlines are a low cost airline and because of that...
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...Porters The Airline is one of the major industries in the world today and is majorly affected by Michael Porter's "Five Forces" model. The following write up conducts an analysis on how the model affects the airline industry today. The central force of Porter's model is Internal Rivalry within the Industry. In case of the Airline industry, this is the most important force today, especially since the market is completely saturated. There are more service providers than needed in both local as well as international markets. The various airlines are competing for the same customer, which also results in strengthening the buyer power, another of Porter's forces. Moreover, a lot of airlines such as Qatar Airways and Emirates have a brand name which they have to defend so they compete in doing so. The airlines are continually competing against each other in terms of prices, technology, in-flight entertainment, customer services and many more areas. The net result of this competition between companies is an overall slow market growth rate. One of the forces that Porter describes is Entry into the industry. In the world today, the airline industry is so saturated that there is hardly space for a newcomer even to squeeze its way in. The biggest for this is the cost of entry. The airline industry is one of the most expensive industries, due to the cost of buying and leasing aircrafts, safety and security measures, customer service and manpower. Another major barrier to entry is the...
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...Porter’s Five Force Model Industry competitors - Local competitors are Air Asia, Firefly, etc - International competitors- Singapore airlines, Garuda, Cathay Pacific, Thai International Airways - Other Low cost Airlines- Compass, Tiger Airways, Cebu Pacific, Jetstar Asia Airways, Impulse, Virgin blue Airlines. The number of competitors is very high and with the emergence of low cost carrier and deregulation the internal competition has increased and the only reason that reduces it is the low and highly volatile profitability. Suppliers Power - 高油費->高供應商議價能力Fuel prices are ever increasing affecting the cost so the supplier power is high. - 買大量飛機-> 高供應商議價能力The Asian airline industry is very optimistic about the growth potential of the Asian aviation industry so is placing huge aircraft orders thereby increasing the bargaining power of the suppliers again - The civil aircraft industry is monopolized by two major aircrafts manufacturers - Large capital required so the leasing companies come into picture. - Highly specialized and professional employees are required to maintain the status of five star carrier services. - The recent crisis in the overall airline industry has to some extend lead to a reduction in the prices of the aircrafts. Buyer’s power - Local population (Malaysian) - Southeast population- Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, etc. - There is no switching cost as the buyer...
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