...http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/sign-in?save_page=%2Fessay-on%2FFive-Step-Hypothesis%2F34686 Five Step Hypothesis In: Business and Management Five Step Hypothesis The five-step step hypothesis test The team will use the five-step hypothesis test to support or reject the research problem. The following are five steps that will lead to accurate conclusions concerning the null hypothesis and the claim. The five-step step hypothesis testing consists of: 1. Step one - State the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis 2. Step two - level of significance/ Formulate testable hypothesis 3. Step three - Calculate the test statistic 4. Step four - Set up a decision rule 5. Step five - Collect some data The research topic: the team calculates the average cost of houses in cities with high crime rates against affluent cities with low crime rates in PGC. Step 1: State the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis. Home values in PGC have decreased because of the high crime rate in the county. H0: The average home sold is 203,069 that is, m = 203,068 Ha: The average home sold is 203,068 that is, m ≠ 203,068 Step 2: Select a level of significance (ά or alpha) In this step, we are able to evaluate if the hypothesis is suitable, and have met the requirements for the test. To do this we must select a type one error that is frequently used at the 0.5 or 0.1 significance level. For instance, to get the Z for a 95% confidence interval, make the shaded area 0.95. The...
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...Countries. The verbal null hypothesis is stated as: more than 50% of the population of European Union and G-20 countries live to the age of 60. The numerical null hypothesis is stated as: µ ≥ 50%. The verbal alternate hypothesis is stated as: less than 50% of the population of European Union and G-20 countries live to the age of 60. The numerical alternate hypothesis is stated as: µ ≤ 50%. Team C will utilize the five-step hypothesis test on the CIA Global Demographics Data Set to accept or reject the null hypothesis as explained below. Five-Step Hypothesis Test Step 1 Step one of the five step hypothesis is to state the research problem in question form. In this case, I will define what will be tested and identify what variable will be used in the data collection. My hypothesis is: Do more than 50% of the population of both European Union countries and G-20 countries live past the age of 60? Step 2 During step two of the process, both the null and alternate hypotheses are recognized in both verbal and numerical form. The null hypothesis is that greater than 50% of the European Union and G-20 countries live past the age of 60.. This creates an alternative hypothesis that less than 50% of the European Union and G-20 countries die before the age of 60.. H0: µ = > .50 H1: µ NE > .50 alpha = .05 Step 3 The third step of hypothesis testing is to calculate a statistic analogous to the parameter indicated by the null hypothesis. Due to the sample size of...
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...Salaaka Reflection “The hypothesis guides us on the selection of a certain design, observation and methods of researching over others. If we could test the whole populations directly, we would not need to formulate hypothesis, conduct inferential statistics and make inferences for the population based on a sample. However, it is often impossible to test the whole population, and we need to make our observations based on a sample (University of Strathclyde Humanities & Social Studies, n.d.).” “Hypothesis testing is all about populations and using a sample based in which we make inferences about the population” (University of Strathclyde Humanities & Social Studies, n.d.). The basic logic is to prove or disprove the research question. There are five steps that consist of all the decisions a researchers needs to make in order to answer any research question. Steps in Testing a Research Hypothesis 1. Stating the Research Question. “This step makes the researcher not only define what is to be tested but what variable will be used in sample data collection” ("Five Steps of Hypothesis Testing", 2014). 2. Specify the Null and Alternative Hypothesis – According to the University of North Carolina (2014), "The second step is to state the research question in terms of a null hypothesis (H0) and a alternative hypothesis (HA). The null hypothesis is the population parameter, µ = $30,000 (H0: µ = $30,000). The alternative hypothesis is the population parameter...
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...Hypothesis Testing Paper Hypothesis testing in statistics goes beyond the traditional acceptances of trying to prove a hypothesis correct. Hypothesis testing is matter of accepting what has already been proven until another hypothesis is verified to be true. In the essay, an overview of the hypothesis testing process is described using a fictional example and numerical values to detail the process. The idea formed by the hypothesis, “online students have more stress than traditional on campus students”, is to reject the hypothesis that online college students experience less stress than on campus college students. This is in no way true findings; it is a fictional example to help walk the reader through the steps of hypothesis testing. Hypothesis testing is a king of research used to say how a certain topic of interest will end or how researchers think it will end in the environment. The testing will show that just because one forms an answer it does not prove that the answer is correct for there are many factors that could change the outcome, which is why researchers use probability rates of five or one percent. The null hypothesis endeavors to show that there is no variation between variables, or a single variable is no different from zero. It is surmised to be true until statistical evidence nullifies it for an alternative hypothesis. Null hypothesis is a hypothesis that the researcher endeavors to confute, reject, or nullify. The research hypothesis is the categorical...
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...able to fully understand hypothesis testing and the five steps involved in the complete process, one must first understand what a hypothesis and a hypothesis test is and why it is used. To begin with, a hypothesis, when involved in statistics, is an idea which could be set in the form of an assumption or a theory that shows the characteristics of a single or even multiple variables of a single or group of populations (Aron, Aron & Coups, 2009). These ideas or predictions need to be explored so as to give them validation, possibly creating further research, or these ideas need to be shown to be invalid, thus saving time by not putting more research into an idea that shows itself to be incorrect, however, sometimes an invalid result can create further research of another facet of the original idea set forth. Hypothesis testing is a process that uses statistical data in order to determine if an idea is able to be supported or warrants further research within a certain population that the idea or prediction seems to apply to, and is used by researchers (Aron et. al., 2009). There are five steps involved in this research process. The first step is to pose the question related to the idea or prediction as a logically formed statement called a research hypothesis. In addition to this statement, there is also a statement that is the complete opposite of the research hypothesis statement, called a null hypothesis statement (Aron et. al., 2009). Both these hypothesis statements are made in...
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...Hypothesis Testing Paper A hypothesis is a prediction, a tentative explanation for an observance, phenomenon, or scientific problem. A researcher further investigates the hypothesis by testing (“hypothesis,” 2002). More specifically, the way a researcher tests a hypothesis is by hypothesis testing. “Hypothesis testing is a procedure for deciding whether the outcome of study (results for a sample) supports a particular theory or practical innovation, which is thought to apply to a population” (Aron, Aron, & Coups, 2009, p. 107). In this paper, team E chose to describe the results of a hypothesis test on the 401k plan for two different companies. Team E formulated a numerical and verbal hypothesis statement regarding the 401k plans of two companies, and performed the five-step hypothesis. Finally, team E describes the results and explains how one can use hypothesis testing to evaluate solutions, which may help assist in the decision of which company has a better 401k plan. Benefits are not just for the end of one’s career even though typically many individuals think of benefits as basic insurance coverage. A respectable benefit plan can take into account many additional perks that offer true substantial gains in relation to the competition. As a result one may seek employment with a company whose 401k plan can be of assistance to allow one to begin building a tax-deferred retirement nest egg early. Take into account the amount the company will match, if any, and the maximum...
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...The steps in testing a research hypothesis There are a total of five steps that are used in testing a hypothesis and they are: “(1) Making assumptions, (2) Stating the research and null hypotheses and selecting (setting) alpha, (3) Selecting the sampling distribution and specifying the test statistic, (4) Computing the test statistic, and (5) Making a decision and interpreting the results.” (Boston University Metropolitan College, n.d., Para. 1). When beginning the process of creating a hypothesis to test, the first thing that must be done is to make assumptions about the type of sampling method that would be used, the level of measurement for the variable, including the sample size. The second step is then to state the research and null hypotheses and selecting the alpha. “We always state research hypotheses in terms of population parameters because we want to use sample statistics to estimate population parameters.” (Boston University Metropolitan College, n.d., Para. 5). After the research has been stated, then the next step is to complete the null hypothesis, which will contradict the research hypothesis. The third step in testing a hypothesis is to select the sampling distribution and to specify the test statistic. The fourth step is to compute the test statistic following the specified formula to be able to test the statistic. The fifth and final step is to make a decision and to interpret the results. This simply means that we are looking over the results and deciding...
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...Hypothesis Test – Online College Mean Age Miriam M. Martin, Raymond Nearey, Maria-Lydia Lugo, Lucinda Reza PSY/315 February 23, 2013 The University of Phoenix has a significant student base and its average age, or the age mean of its enrollees, is 38 years old (Hedding, 2013). This statistic raised question as to whether it is standard that the average enrolled student in online college education is of an age greater than the usual 18-21 year old college student. This hypothesis, if the null hypothesis is rejected, would show in essence that the University as a whole is matriculated with an older student population and thus the convenience of online education for adults greater than standard college age proves to be a more convenient, attractive and efficient alternative than actually attending a college campus. Hypothesis Based upon this hypothesis question, Learning Team B arrived at the null hypothesis that if tested using a one sample T-test, Group One, or Ho, being the specific classroom’s age statistic and Group Two, or H1, representing the mean age of the University’s attendees in total, will either show that the following a) Group One—our classroom’s mean age is less than or equal to Group Two-University of Phoenix’s mean age of attendee, or; b) Group One’s mean age will be greater than the mean of age of Group Two. Stated scientifically or numerically, Ho: Group one</=Group two; H1: Group one > Group Two. Five Step Data Process To...
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...PSY/315 March 4, 2013 Chapter 4 Practice Problems (11) List the five steps of hypothesis testing, and explained the procedure and logic of each. 1) Restate the research question; specify the null theory about the populations. State the null theory and the alternate theory Null: Ho: Alteration: Ha: 2) Determine the features of the compared distribution. Define the level of significance, using type 1 errors; identify sample size using data and resources that are available. 3) Define the region cutoff sample score. Identify the test statistics and sampling distributions. 4) Determine the sample’s score on the comparison distribution. Collect any data and compute the statistics test to find p -value 5) Select the appropriate theory. Classify the p-value and identify whether not to reject the null theory. Summarize the results and give a clear comprehensive solution towards the underline problem. (14) Based on the information given for each of the following studies; decide whether to reject the null hypothesis. For each, give (a) the Z- score cutoff (or cutoffs) on the comparison distribution at which the null hypothesis should be rejected (b) the Z score on the comparison distribution for the sample score and (c) your conclusion. Assume that all populations are normally distributed. Study A-D mean population = 5 Standard deviation = 1 Sample score = 7 P = study A&B =.05 P = study C&D = .01 Tails of this study a = 1(high prediction) Study...
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...The importance of an educated guess lies in a 5-step process of testing. Understanding one’s research and the validity in its process helps to determine an educated decision. Once a decision has been made, there may be an option of more than one choice, thus comparing the means of more than one group allows one to weigh options. Once a choice has been made and one must be chosen between two or more that have a correlating relationship, it is important to understand how to calculate the correlation between the variable. The steps in testing a research hypothesis Hypotheses in research are predictions of the outcome of the study. Theories and research questions help form a research hypothesis. Hypotheses are meant to be tested and in order to test a research hypothesis, there is a set of five steps to follow to do so. Step one is to make an assumption that should include the level of measurement of the variable, the sampling method, shape of population distribution, and the sample size. In step two we need to state the interest of the relationship and start the research, create a hypothesis that contradicts the null hypothesis, and set the alpha which will help determine the probability of an error. Step three is where the sampling distribution method is selected. This is where the test statistics are specified. In step four, we compute the test statistic by using a formula and coming to a result. The final step, step five, is where a decision is made and the results are...
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...List the five steps of hypothesis testing, and explain the procedure and logic of each. 1. “Restate the question as a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis about the populations”. One makes a research hypothesis about a predicted correspondence among populations. The research and the null hypothesis’ are opposites, meaning if one hypothesis is correct and true the other is not. 2. “Determine the characteristics of the comparison distribution”. This is important because the comparison distribution represents the population situation if the null hypothesis is factual. This is the main idea of hypothesis testing. 3. “Determine what the cutoff sample scores on the comparison distribution where the null hypothesis should be rejected”. This means determining a target against the results that will be compared or to what extreme the sample score would have to be for it to be too doubtful that they could get such an extreme score if the null hypothesis were true. Here the null hypothesis would be rejected if the point of the cutoff sample scores reaches or exceeds the sample score. If the null hypothesis is true the Z score is established at a score which would be improbable. 4. This step is to get the actual results for the sample. “Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution” . After one gets the test’s sample outcome, one moves on to step 5. 5. Here it is either declared the test is invalid or one rejects the null hypothesis by noting...
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...Evaluation Teacher Date The Hypothesis Team C’s hypothesis is that the more years of education one receives the more a person can potentially earn in salary. The team will use the process of linear regression analysis to explain how the information is used and conduct a five-step test to see if the hypothesis proves true or false. Linear Regression Analysis Team C’s purpose of this research paper is to use a linear regression analysis test to determine if a significant linear relationship exists between an independent variable which is X, level or years of education, and a dependent variable Y, salaries earned or potentially earned. “It is used to determine the extent to which there is a linear relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables,” (Statistically Significant Consulting, 2010, para. 1). Learning Team C will use the salary and education levels from the Wages and Wage Earners Data Set collected through access to the e-source link of University of Phoenix. For this test the dependent variable, Y, will represent the salary of the 100 participants and the independent variable, X, will represent the education of the 100 participants. How the Information is used This information will be used in a linear regression test to see if there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis that a higher education does not equal a difference in salary. This test will research and...
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...11. List the five steps of hypothesis testing, and explain the procedure and logic of each. Step 1: Restate the Question as a Research Hypothesis and a Null Hypothesis about the Populations. You want to restate the question as research hypothesis and null hypothesis about the populations because it allows you to think of two different samples. The research hypothesis and the null are opposite of each other. One is true and the other is not. The researcher predicts something and researches it and the null hypothesis says there will be no difference if what the researcher predicts. The logic is figuring out the probability of getting a particular result if the null hypothesis is true. Step 2: Determine the Characteristics of the Comparison Distribution In the hypothesis-testing process, you compare the actual sample’s score to this comparison distribution. The comparison distribution is the distribution that represents the population situation if the null hypothesis is true. If the null is true both samples will have a normal curve. Step 3: Determine the Cutoff Sample Score on the Comparison Distribution at Which the Null Hypothesis Should Be Rejected You will need Z scores and percentages, if a researcher decides that the score is lower than a certain percent then they would reject the null. Psychology researchers use a cutoff on the comparison distribution with a probability of 5% that a score will be at least that extreme if the null hypothesis were true. They are described...
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...September 16, 2013 Dr. Robert Newton Child Obesity A plan to diminish the chance for obesity in children is frequently focused on sustaining a high level of physical activity along with improving eating habits. Although these two examples are great ways to target the issue, one other way to cut down the risk of obese children could also come down to positive parenting. What are the results of childhood health with parents that encourage exercise and healthy diets for their children? What are the results of childhood health with parents who do not? This paper will attempt to explain the following: The affect of parental negligence on childhood obesity, a numerical and verbal hypothesis concerning research on parental negligence in regards to childhood obesity, and how the five steps of hypothesis testing may be used to evaluate parental negligence concerning childhood obesity. The study conducted by Temple University in the November issue of Child Abuse & Neglect in 2007 was to show the affiliation between childhood obesity and parental neglect. Neglect examples for this study would include parents leaving their children without appropriate supervision, self-absorption with his or her own issues, and lack of affection. "Data was obtained from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort study of 4,898 children born between 1998 and 2000 in 20 large U.S. cities. At age three, 2,412 of these children had their height and weight measured, and mothers answered...
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...One Sample Hypothesis Testing Process The U.S. Economy crisis had a devastating effect on the Auto Industry as The Big Three automakers faced what would have been a catastrophic event in U.S. History. A chain reaction of similar industries would have further crippled the U.S. Economy as the downfall of the automakers industry would have eliminated several millions jobs in various auto related businesses such as, auto dealers, part suppliers, mechanics, transportation, and banking. President Barrack Obama led an intensive campaign that helped the recovery of the auto industry with a $60 billion bailout. Since the recovery of the auto industry, car manufacturers have begin to increasing the manufacturing of cars and employees are returning to work. The economy is still experiencing a roller coasters ride with minimum growth. Over the last few years there has been a constant drop in the volume of U.S. auto sales causing the auto industry to take aggressive steps to create a new market for cars. There were several incentives used by the auto manufacturers and auto retail dealers attract new buyers. Some of the most effective incentives included a 0% down and the various other low interest financing plans. The research that was examined in the data set revealed that the age of the auto buying consumers is becoming an important factor when looking at auto buying. There are four age groups that...
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