...Engineering and Automation 2015, 5(1): 20-28 DOI: 10.5923/j.jmea.20150501.03 Effect of Evaporator Heater Power Input and Refrigerant Flow Rate on the Performance of a Refrigerator – Developing Empirical Models Ali Naif*, Abdulkareem Shafiq Mahdi Al-Obaidi, Mohammad H. Nassir School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Malaysia Abstract Refrigerators normally are systems that are used to preserve perishable goods in a house hold by reducing the temperature of the food compartments. However, refrigerators are also infamous for their high electricity consumptions. This paper presents first a comparison between theoretical and experimental determination of the tons of refrigeration (TR) of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC). Then, it was looked into the derivation of empirical models, grounded on experimental results, which would provide refrigerator designers a reliable mean to check on the impact of each examined parameter on the TR during the preliminary stage of refrigerator design. It was noted that both evaporator heater power input (EHPI) and refrigerant flow rate (RFR) positively affected the tons of refrigeration, while the effects of condenser water flow rate (CWFR) was negligible. A total of three models generated. As the accuracy of the data for all models were about 99.7%, the minute difference had to be looked in to. Hence, Model 1, considering both evaporator heater power input (EHPI) and refrigerant flow rate (RFR), produced a lower range of...
Words: 5785 - Pages: 24
...Onos Igho Intro to Entrepreneurship Prof Hofgan Dec. 4th, 2012 Case Study: MooBella Inc The categories of costs that I would expect to see in a list of MooBella start-up costs are as follows: Equipment, furniture, and fixtures Leasehold improvements Installation of equipment and fixtures Computers and other technology Owner time Professional services Promotion and advertising Insurance Debt service Taxes Franchise fees Supplies /products cost per machine Inventory Wages and benefits Reflecting on the emotional and other nonmonetary factors that were likely involved for Bruce Ginsberg, one critical component of getting an accurate startup cost estimate is to determine the length of time it's going to take to open your startup business. MooBella had almost taken 20 years for the idea to market and develop. Even though it seemed to be a simple concept it was technically complex and nearly cost the company $85 million to bring to market. There were so many challenges with the research, development and start-up processes. The machines were very costly and it took 5 years to complete the computer portion of the project. There is the development of major systems in Solid Works software which include two refrigeration systems, a pneumatic system, a consumer interface, a pumping system, and a dry-goods distribution system. With Solid Works Premium, they will have all the modeling capabilities they need to design each different type of component, whether it’s made...
Words: 919 - Pages: 4
...Power Tower in an Open Pit Mine: called a “Pit Power Tower” (PPT). | | By Jonathan Gwiazda and Francis A. DiBella | 1. Introduction1.2 Problem Statement The number of people and the amount of technology in the world are on the rise. People and technology both require energy. This rise in population and technology has led to a corresponding increase in energy demand. This trend is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future.The three primary methods of power production today are 1) fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, 2) hydroelectric dams, and 3) nuclear power. The undeveloped potential of each of these power methods is restricted by either the associated environmental impact or by the limits of the resource itself. Current methods of power production are in need of supplementation. An ideal source would be renewable and have minimal environmental impact. This paper presents one such method.1.3 Overview and Scope < A href="http://ljb.advertserve.com/servlet/click/zone?zid=29&pid=2&lookup=true&position=1" target="_top">< IMG src="http://ljb.advertserve.com/servlet/view/banner/image/zone?zid=29&pid=2&position=1" height="240" width="120" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" alt="Click Here!">< /A> | The paper begins with the background and description of the proposed power source, its advantages, and a tabular outline of three example sites. Concerns for each component of the system are briefly considered. The paper ends with a...
Words: 4934 - Pages: 20
...A Domestic Solar Hot Water System for Southern Ontario Submitted by: Steve C. Wyndham A.Sc.T. OACETT Membership #: 0856807 Submitted to: OACETT 10 Four Seasons Place, Suite 404 Toronto, ON M9B 6H7 Discipline: Environmental Date Submitted: August 15, 2014 Declaration of Sole Authorship I, Steve Wyndham, confirm that this work submitted for assessment is my own and is expressed in my own words. Any uses made within it of the works of any other author, in any form (ideas, equations, figures, texts, tables, programs), are properly acknowledged at the point of use. A list of the references used is included. Signature: Date: August 18, 2014 Acknowledgments The author would like to acknowledge the use of the Queen’s University On-line Library for access to Research Journals. Abstract Global warming is one of the most potentially disastrous issues facing mankind in the early 21st century, considered to be caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. Approximately 30% of the man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions causing global warming is created by the burning of fossil fuels to produce electricity or used as a direct energy source. The use of solar energy to pre-heat water for industrial, commercial and institutional and residential purposes can reduce electricity usage by up to 2% to 6% in southern Ontario. Adding the emissions from using natural gas directly to heat water a figure of 5% to 17% reduction in CO2 emissions can be derived by the...
Words: 11958 - Pages: 48
...CHAPTER I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Name of the Enterprise From the Middle English word “wei” which is often used by Scottish people as an informal word describing a small person or small thing, the business was named Wee as it is a fast food restaurant or burger shop that will offer unlimited mini burgers in with patties like beef and pork complemented with mini-cut fries. The concept will be given much emphasis with the tagline “Know Your Craving” which was suitably thought to have a dual meaning as, We, the company know every one’s craving and as to them knowing their personal want for food specifically. This was planned to be more individualistic in type by tapping the inner desire of people to teeming burgers. B. LOCATION Wee’s restaurant is located at Eastwood City Walk 188 E Rodriguez Jr. Avenue Bagumbayan Libis, Quezon City Metro Manila, Philippines measuring 300sqm inclusive of the space for parking lot. Considering Eastwood City as a home for leisure and other relaxing activities, it is a perfect location for the said establishment plus the capacity of market to consume products beyond average price that suitably support the pursuance of the enterprise. Delivery of supplies and raw materials is not also an issue such the chosen area is accessible to any vehicle coming either from North and South Bound lanes. The said location is for lease priced at P115, 000 monthly. It was strategically chosen taking into account the target market, its ability and the...
Words: 5921 - Pages: 24
...TRACING THE ORIGIN OF THE CHARACTERISTIC BAD ODOUR OF DRIED STOCK FISH PROJECT BY ADESINA ADEBOWALE T. (2011) 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information With the ever growing population and the need to store and transport food from one place to another where it is needed, food preservation becomes necessary in order to increase its shelf life and maintain its nutritional value, texture and flavor. Therefore good food preservation techniques must prevent microbial spoilage of food without affecting its quality and nutritional attributes. Fish are recognized as highly perishable having a relatively short shelf life, therefore fish requires proper handling and preservation to increase its shelf life and retain its quality and nutritional attributes. Fresh fish spoilage can be very rapid after it is caught, immediately a fish is caught it loses its natural resistance to attack by microorganism and also start to undergo both physical and chemical changes that in return bring changes in appearance, taste, smell and texture. During fish spoilage there is a breakdown of various components and formation of new compounds. This new compounds are responsible for changes in odour, flavour and texture of the fish. Fish lipids contain omega − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), especially Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These fatty acids play a vital role in human nutrition, disease prevention, and health promotion. Long chain omega − 3 PUFAs cannot be synthesized...
Words: 8750 - Pages: 35
...Definition of electromechanical 1. : of, relating to, or being a mechanical process or device actuated or controlled electrically;especially : being a transducer for converting electrical energy to mechanical energy Telecommunication is – according to Article 1.3 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as "Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems." This definition is also identical to that contained in the Annex to the Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva, 1992). Telecommunication occurs when the exchange of information between two or more entities (communication) includes the use of technology. Communication technology uses channels to transmit information (as electrical signals), either over a physical medium (such as signal cables), or in the form of electromagnetic waves.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The word is often used in its plural form, telecommunications, because it involves many different technologies. Early means of communicating over a distance included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs.[7] Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages such as codeddrumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Modern technologies for long-distance communication...
Words: 7653 - Pages: 31
...*3963103* [3963] – 103 T.E. (Petroleum) (Semester – I) Examination, 2011 DRILLING & PRODUCTION OPERATIONS (2003 Course) Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100 Instructions : 1) Question Nos. 1 and 5 are compulsory. Out of the remaining attempt 2 questions from Section I and 2 questions from Section II. 2) Answers to the two Sections should be written in separate books. 3) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary. 4) Black figures to the right indicate full marks. 5) Use of Logarithmic Tables, Slide Rule, Mollier Charts, Electronic Pocket Calculator and Steam Tables is allowed. 6) Assume suitable data, if necessary. SECTION – I 1. What are different systems on a drilling rig ? Explain any one in detail with suitable diagramme. 18 2. a) Calculate Bottom hole pressure if well depth is 2500 m and mud weight is 1.2 gm/cc. b) Calculate mud weight if mud gradient is 0.87 psi/ft. ′ c) Calculate volume bbl/meter for drill pipe O.D. = 5′ inch and I.D. = 4.276 inch. 2 2 2 10 8 8 16 d) Draw circulation system on a drilling rig. 3. a) Discuss IADC classification of a bit in details. b) Discuss different factors affecting rate of penetration in details. 4. Write short note on : i) Coring ii) Fishing tools iii) BOP iv) Directional well P.T.O. [3963] – 103 -2- *3963103* SECTION – II 5. a) Discuss different types of casings and function of the casings in brief. b) Discuss different types of well completion techniques. 6. a) Discuss primary cementation process with...
Words: 172166 - Pages: 689
...Upgrading Water Treatment Plants E. G. Wagner and R. G. Pinheiro ISBN 0-419-26050-1 (pbk) 0-419-26040-4 Published on behalf of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION London and New York First published 2001 by Spon Press 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Spon Press 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Spon Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 2001 World Health Organization The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Publisher's Note This book has been prepared from camera-ready copy provided by the authors. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record has been requested Foreword The availability of safe water, and in particular...
Words: 62528 - Pages: 251
...to the road 2.4. Transmission efficiency analysis 2.4.1. Structures about the transmission system available 2.4.2. Efficiency of the transmission system 3. Energy consumption calculation of EV 1 3.1. Calculation methodology overview and Target specification of our EV 3.2. Calculation and evaluation of the energy consumption 3.2.1. Required and available power 3.2.2. Motor output and acceleration 3.2.3. Acceleration time evaluation of our EV 3.3. Conclusion 4. Influence on energy output 4.1. Mileage capability analysis 4.1.1. Mileage capability verification 4.1.2. Mileage capability modification 4.1.3. Energy regeneration basic introduction 4.2. Total energy consumption link introduction 4.2.1. Best-case scenario with Well-to-wheel assumption 4.2.2. Life cycle assessment analysis for power consumption of the...
Words: 16791 - Pages: 68
...NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR Bachelor of Technology Programmes amï´>r¶ JH$s g§ñWmZ, m¡Úmo{ à VO o pñ Vw dZ m dY r V ‘ ñ Syllabi and Regulations for Undergraduate PROGRAMME OF STUDY (wef 2012 entry batch) Ma {gb Course Structure for B.Tech (4years, 8 Semester Course) Civil Engineering ( to be applicable from 2012 entry batch onwards) Course No CH-1101 /PH-1101 EE-1101 MA-1101 CE-1101 HS-1101 CH-1111 /PH-1111 ME-1111 Course Name Semester-1 Chemistry/Physics Basic Electrical Engineering Mathematics-I Engineering Graphics Communication Skills Chemistry/Physics Laboratory Workshop Physical Training-I NCC/NSO/NSS L 3 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 13 T 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 2 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 C 8 6 8 5 6 2 3 0 0 38 8 8 8 8 6 2 0 0 40 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 40 6 6 8 2 Course No EC-1101 CS-1101 MA-1102 ME-1101 PH-1101/ CH-1101 CS-1111 EE-1111 PH-1111/ CH-1111 Course Name Semester-2 Basic Electronics Introduction to Computing Mathematics-II Engineering Mechanics Physics/Chemistry Computing Laboratory Electrical Science Laboratory Physics/Chemistry Laboratory Physical Training –II NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-4 Structural Analysis-I Hydraulics Environmental Engg-I Structural Design-I Managerial Economics Engg. Geology Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory Physical Training-IV NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-6 Structural Design-II Structural Analysis-III Foundation Engineering Transportation Engineering-II Hydrology &Flood...
Words: 126345 - Pages: 506
...BMW 3- & 5-Series Service and Repair Manual A K Legg Models covered 3-Series (E30) 316 (83 to 88), 316i (88 to 91), 318i (83 to 91), 320i (87 to 91), 325i (87 to 91). Also Touring and Convertible versions of these models 5-Series (E28) 518 (81 to 85), 518i (85 to 88), 525i (81 to 88), 528i (81 to 88), 535i (85 to 88), M535i (85 to 88) 5-Series (E34) 518i (90 to 91), 520i (88 to 91), 525i (88 to 91), 530i (88 to 91), 535i (88 to 91) Engines covered 1596 cc, 1766 cc, 1795 cc, 1990 cc, 2494 cc, 2788 cc, 2986 cc & 3430 cc Does not cover Diesel, dohc or V8 engines, or four-wheel-drive models LAE MIMI and Larry Warren (1948-256-11AA3) © Haynes Publishing 1997 A book in the Haynes Service and Repair Manual Series ABCDE FGHIJ KLMNO PQRST 123 Printed by J H Haynes & Co. Ltd, Sparkford, Nr Yeovil,Somerset BA22 7JJ, England Haynes Publishing Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset BA22 7JJ, England Haynes North America, Inc 861 Lawrence Drive, Newbury Park, California 91320, USA Editions Haynes S.A. 147/149, rue Saint Honoré, 75001 PARIS, France Haynes Publishing Nordiska AB Box 1504, 751 45 Uppsala, Sweden All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. ISBN 1 85960 236 3 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is...
Words: 146734 - Pages: 587
...Employment News 31 May - 6 June 2014 www.employmentnews.gov.in 21 UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION EXAMINATION NOTICE NO. 09/2014-CSP (LAST DATE FOR RECEIPT OF APPLICATIONS : 30/06/2014) DATE :31.05.2014 CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2014 (Commission’s website-http://upsc.gov.in) F. No. 1/5/2013-E.I(B) : Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Service Commission on 24th Aug., 2014 in accordance with the Rules published by the Department of Personnel & Training in the Gazette of India Extraordinary dated 31st May, 2014. (i) Indian Administrative Service. (ii) Indian Foreign Service. (iii) Indian Police Service. (iv) Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group ‘A’. (v) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (vi) Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise), Group ‘A’. (vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (viii) Indian Revenue Service (I.T.), Group ‘A’. (ix) Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group ‘A’ (Assistant Works Manager, Administration). (x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’. (xi) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (xii) Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group ‘A’. (xiii) Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A'. (xiv) Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group ‘A’. (xv) Post of Assistant Security Commissioner in Railway Protection Force, Group ‘A’ (xvi) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group...
Words: 47693 - Pages: 191
...ate Aptitude Test in Engineering GATE 2014 Brochure Table of Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................1 2. About GATE 2014 ......................................................................................................1 2.1. Financial Assistance ............................................................................................................................ 1 2.2 Employment ............................................................................................................................................ 2 2.3 Administration ....................................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Changes Introduced in GATE 2013 that will continue to remain in force for GATE 2014 .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 4.1 Eligibility for GATE 2014 ................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 GATE Papers ............................................................................................................................................ 5 4.3 Zone-Wise List of Cities in which GATE 2014 will be Held ................................................... 6 4.4 Zone-Wise List of Cities for 3rd...
Words: 32784 - Pages: 132
...Employment News 11 - 17 February 2012 www.employmentnews.gov.in 21 Union Public Service Commission EXAMINATION NOTICE NO. 04/2012-CSP DATED 11.02.2012 (LAST DATE FOR RECEIPT OF APPLICATIONS : 05.03.2012) CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2012 (Commission's website - http://www.upsc.gov.in) F. No. 1/4/2011-E.I(B) : Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Service Commission on 20th May, 2012 in accordance with the Rules published by the Department of Personnel & Training in the Gazette of India Extraordinary dated 4th February, 2012. (i) Indian Administrative Service. (ii) Indian Foreign Service. (iii) Indian Police Service. (iv) Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group ‘A’. (v) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (vi) Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise), Group ‘A’. (vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (viii) Indian Revenue Service (I.T.), Group ‘A’. (ix) Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group ‘A’ (Assistant Works Manager, Administration). (x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’. (xi) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. (xii) Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group ‘A’. (xiii) Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A'. (xiv) Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group ‘A’. (xv) Post of Assistant Security Commissioner in Railway Protection Force, Group ‘A’ (xvi) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group ‘A’. (xvii) Indian Information...
Words: 50586 - Pages: 203
