SEPERATION PROCESSES II
DESIGN PROJECT

COAGULATION & FLOCCULATION PROCESSES IN THE PRODUCTION
OF POTABLE WATER

SUBMISSION DATE:
14 August 2012

COURSE COORDINATOR :
Dr. Netatollah Rahmanian

GROUP MEMBERS’ NAMES:
Derek Lai Chai Zern 14233
Derek Lai Chai Zern 14233
Sean Suraj Jeremiah 14286
Nabila Syahira Bt Azizuddin 14295
Hazwan Farid B Muhammad Puzi 14382
Karrthik S/O Subramaniam 15450
Kiveeyashini D/O Govindasamy 17252

INTRODUCTION

Human settlements have always been centred around sources of clean drinking water. As the population increases and the quality of fresh water declines, it has become an engineering challenge to supply sufficient potable water to the meet demands.
Of the many unit processes and operations used in water treatment, coagulation and flocculation required a unique combination of chemical and physical phenomena for producing water acceptable for human consumption. Aggregation of fine particulate matter into larger particulates by the use of coagulation and flocculation facilities permits cost-effective removal in subsequent solid separation processes. Particulates inorganic origin such as clay, silt, and mineral oxides generally enter surface water by natural erosion processes and can decrease the clarity of the water to an unacceptable level. Organic particulates, such as colloidal humic and fulvic acids are a product of decay and leaching of organic debris and litter which have fallen in the water source. These particulates impart a color to the water which in some extreme cases can be nearly opaque. Removal of this particulate contaminants is required both for aesthetic and health concerns
This paper looks at what is considered to be the heart of the modern water treatment process which are the coagulation and flocculation processes. In order to explain the processes effectively,