...Floor systems The floor system is the primary horizontal building structure which must withstand both live loads and dead loads, (BCA Part B1.2) (AS 1170.1). Any flooring system consists of linear beams and joists to distribute floor loads evenly throughout floor surface, transferring horizontal loads down to vertical structures such as beams, columns or load bearing walls. Floor systems must safely support moving loads. A floor system should be relatively stiff while maintaining its elasticity. If there is too much deflection and vibration, it can badly affect both the floor and ceiling finishes, as well as affecting the amenity of people who live in the space. The important control factor is therefore deflection. A number of factors determine the depth of a floor system. The basic relationship is between the depth of the floor and the size of the structural bays it is going to span, together with the strength of the materials. However, a deeper floor can house mechanical or electric lines, and can help to insulate against sound travelling between floors in a multi-storey building. The structural integrity of a floor will depend in part on the size of any cantilevers and openings in the floor. In turn, the structural integrity of the building will be affected by the way the floor is connected to foundations, walls and the like. Types of floor systems • Wood joist system Relatively small joist members closely spaced; joists are supported by...
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...1. Wood laminates Floor Boards. These are floor finishes made of HDF [High Density Fiber] and look like wood strips. They are made from wood fibers that have been highly compressed making it harder than the more common MDF Fiber boards. They come in various natural wood veneers such as peach, oak or mahogany. The strips are joint together by grooves and are laid on top of an underlay which is laid on the concrete ground surface. They are easy to fix by care should be taken to leave expansion joints at the edges to cater for expansion in hot weather. Failure to this, the floor boards will warp upwards and dislocate from the grooves. They come in various thicknesses usually from 8m to 16mm and are used depending on the human traffic envisaged. The thicker they are, the more durable they will be. They should be avoided in wet areas. They are relatively low cost. 2.Natural wood Floor finishes. Parquet floor finish. This consists of solid hardwood blocks fixed with an adhesive on the floor surface and arranged to form a pattern-the herringbone pattern is very common with this finish. The wooden blocks can be of various sizes and thicknesses. Wood strips These are hardwood strips joined together to form a floor finish on the floor. This kind of flooring is simple and takes less time to fix. The strips are laid in random length. 3.Ceramic tiles. This type of floor finish is very common due to its durability and affordability and choice of design. Ceramic tiles are the number...
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...An introduction to Vinyl Floors A Vinyl floor is an artificially created floor material made of polyvinyl chloride known as PVC; this is used in both commercial areas and in residential areas. Vinyl floor come in multiple colors and patterns and due to it's affordability and durability, it is a popular choice among homeowners and also for commercial use. Depending on the surface you choose, material costs can be up to 70% less than other flooring materials. There is a wide range of designs, including subtle plains, bright colors, geometric pattern and wood pattern styles. Vinyl is perfect, if you like the look of ceramic tiles, but want something warmer underfoot with quicker installation and less hassles. With proper surface preparation, vinyl flooring is easy to...
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...commercial floor wax is required in school and even in our houses. Applying floor wax on wooden or cemented floors maintains its shiny gloss. It also lessens the stain marks or other kinds of damage to the hard word and other flooring. However, buying ready-made floor wax is expensive and has unpleasant smell. The researcher decided to make an environment and economy friendly floor wax which is very affordable and has no unpleasant smell that can give equal equality as the commercial floor waxes can. It is possible to mix raw wax crystals and kerosene with banana peelings or banana leaves extract and orange extract to create a substance that can be used in polishing floors without getting an unpleasant smell. Kerosene’s oil will be used to ensure that the substance would be not so sticky because kerosene counteracts banana peelings’ stickiness. The orange extract will give a pleasant smell. The Homemade floor wax will give an equal quality of commercial products. Statement of the Problem The researcher aimed to answer if the banana leaves or banana peeling’s and orange extract are effective to be used as an orange scented floor wax. The researcher would also answer the following questions: 1. What are the differences between the “Orange-Scented Homemade Floor wax” and the commercial floor wax? 2. Are there advantages of using “Orange-Scented Homemade Floor wax” instead of using a commercial one? 3. Can the orange extract replace the unpleasant smell of the floor wax...
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...Lynise Harris February 19,2015 Soc. Psyc Seven Floors The story Seven Floors by Dino Buzzati, Focused on a lawyer named Giovanni Corte stay at a well known nursing home for what was described as a slight sickness. Mr. Corte arrived at the hospital for treatment for early stages of is unknown sickness with hopes of getting better. His first impression of the place seemed to be to his liking, Givoni was pleased with the appearance of the nice rooms, attractive nurses and even interested in the knowledgeable doctors. Shortly after arriving at the sanatorium he found out the placing of the patients depended on their health state. This new information caused him to become obsessed with his placement and eventually began to effect his health. The concept that become clear while reading was that negative thinking will produce a negative effect. A concept can be used to help understand the main purpose of something or to help explain it. An example of a concept in the story that stood out was the hindsight bias. The hindsight bias is the tendency to exaggerate after learning an outcome. On page 4 in the beginning of the third paragraph, Givoni was asked to move to a different room due to a mother needing to be near her children and he graciously agreed. After agreeing the head nurse stated, “ such courageous act doesn’t surprise me coming from a person like yourself.” The nurse acted as though he expected Givoni to say yes but only knew this after the fact. The way the...
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...Executive summary The concept of this report is about marketing intervention, which is the price ceiling and price floors. Price ceiling is actually set below the equilibrium price by lowering the price of the goods so that consumers can be able to afford the goods, then price floors which is set above the equilibrium price by increasing the price of some goods in order to protect the interest of some certain producers, and also to see the efficiency and inefficiency of both the price ceiling and price floors. Efficiency which is the economics allocating there resources in a good manner for example government rent control policy and inefficiency, is when the resources are not proper allocated an its example which is the black market and then some graphs that represent the price ceiling and price floors with their explanations and then lastly the real world example of price ceiling and evaluating the effective policy. Price ceiling and price floor are both price controls and also for government to interfere in the free market that changes the market equilibrium price. Price ceiling basically happens when the government puts a legal limits on how high a product price can be and it also disallow prices to exceed a certain maximum that causes shortages in order to be affordable by the consumers, there will be a shortage of goods when ever the price is set below the market price, in this situation demand will be higher or supply will be shortage because consumers will be demanding...
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...2) Windows and ventilators will provide the required ventilation and day light without effecting privacy and security. 1.2.5 Ground and upper floors A single storeyed building has only one floor which directly rest on the ground is known as ground floor. Multi-storeyed buildings have other floors also in addition to ground floor. Some times, one or two storeys of building are constructed under ground level, such floors below ground level are called “basement floors”. Functions of floors: 1) The function of floor is to provide clean, smooth, durable, strong and water tight leveled surface for users. 2) The upper floors divide the building into number of storeys and provide heat, sound and fire insulation. 1.2.6 Sills, lintel and sunshades...
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...NHTV University of Applied Sciences DATE!! Advisory Report ’t Schip CREM II Group J Fabiana Meaño;Tibor van Noesel;Nathalie Muti;Inge Broeders;Ivo Bruijnaers;Mirjam te Brinke Advisory report ’t Schip – Savills CREM II Group J Tutor Maarten Staps Theme manager Pieter le Roux Fabiana Meaño 121145 Tibor van Noesel 123539 Nathalie Muti 122703 Inge Broeders 111052 Ivo Bruijnaers 123352 Mirjam te Brinke 121001 Preface Table of Content Preface 2 Introduction 4 Deliverable 1 Research Questions 5 Deliverable 2 Plan of Approach 6 Deliverable 3 Context Analysis 10 Deliverable 4 Building Analysis 14 Deliverable 5 Industry Analysis 16 Deliverable 6 Optimization / Transformation 20 Deliverable 7 Company Profile & Program of Requirements 21 Bibliography 26 Introduction Deliverable 1 Research Questions 1.1 Main question How can this building generate future profit for the owner of the building? 1.2 Sub-questions 1. In what way does the context/surroundings influence the attractiveness of the building? (deliverable ‘context analysis’) 2. In what way does the exterior of the building influence the attractiveness? (deliverable ‘building analysis’) 3. In what way does the interior of the building influence the attractiveness? (deliverable ‘building analysis’) 4. What kind of service contracts is used with this building? 5. What are the rental/service prices? 6. What are the possible target groups...
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...Fire is one of the notable human induced disasters in Bangladesh. Every year, hundreds of people die and many are injured due to fire accidents. In last two years, more than 15,000 fire incidents took place throughout the country and most of the them occured in Dhaka and Chittagong. Some of those fire accidents are given below : Tazreen fire accident: A devastating fire broken out in Tajreen Fashion Limited, a sister concern of Tuba Group at Nischintapur, Ashulia, Saver, Dhaka on 24 November at 6:30 pm and it was managed to bring the blaze under control at around 6 am, after more than 11 hours of frantic efforts.The fire broke out in the Westside of the ground floor that was being used as a warehouse and was full of inflammable cloths, yearns and garments accessories. As a result the fire spread up to the upper floors as it could not be tamed immediately. The mid level officials prevented workers from leaving the building after the fire had broken out. Total death & injured workers: •Date of Incident: 24 November 2012 • Place of Incident: Tazreen Fashion Limited, Nischintapur, Ashulia, Saver, Dhaka • Total Number of Death: A total of 111** workers died as per Govt. statistic. Among them 58 dead body has been identified and rest of 53 dead body was unidentified. The identified 58 dead body was handed over to deceased family members or relatives. The unidentified 53 dead body was lied down in Jurain Graveyard. After identification of legal successor through DNA test these dead...
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...making an unannounced visit to the Stradey Park Hotel for an overnight stay in the Executive suite, whilst there he will visit the restaurant where his PPO will dine with him and he will possibly go for a walk around the grounds. There is a known threat from a Pakistani businessman that is long standing over money. The threat for this scenario is low. Venue Security Plan Venue Overview Stradey Park Hotel Furnace Llanelli SA15 4HA, United Kingdom Telephone Number: 01554758171 4* Hotel with 83 rooms, 1 of which is an Executive suite and another is an executive bedroom. Four floors and a mezzanine (Executives suits located here between floors one and two).One main route in and out, two car parks upper and lower, no garage facilities, restaurant on site named Sapphires (located ground floor) and a rooftop residents bar located on fourth floor. Main bar open to the public also located on ground floor. The hotel has one lift a 24 hour check in and no concierge service. There are three entrances and exits. Map into Hotel Ariel View Route in/Out Route in/Out Car park space Car park space Restaurant Restaurant Key locations Pick Up/Drop off point Pick Up/Drop off point Security There is no onsite security, the venue is covered well by a variety of CCTV (Tilt and swivel arm, dome camera) we will be allowed access to the monitors should we need it, the monitors are unmanned but access will be via the 24hr reception. All corridors are covered by CCTV...
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...Crystal Limited Edition: Swarovski Limited Edition Collection for Chanel The Event Design The event will take place in Milan at Officine del Volo, an industrial structure built in 1915. The venue consists of 3 separate rooms on two different floors, the total space being 1500 square meters. For our event on 8th of November, we will use the Eliche room on the ground floor for welcoming the guests and serving a pre-dinner drink and for the dinner we will use the Biplano room on the first floor. Eliche room has a space of 500 square meters that is punctuated with columns, which give a sense of structure to the room. The wooden ceiling brings a warmer contrast to the cement floor and columns. From Eliche room guests take the stairs to Biplano room that will host the dinner. Biplano room is characterised with elements from the early century; parquet floor, wooden trusses and big windows at both ends of the room. Elegant Gala Dinner In order to celebrate the launch of Limited Edition Collection of necklaces for Chanel, we want to create a Gala Dinner that combines the image of the two iconic companies present; Chanel and Swarovski. Chanel represents casual elegance, quality and luxury, while Swarovski brings a touch of glamour and sparkle. For the event we decided to use three main colours: black, white and different shades of violet. Black and white can be seen in the furnishing and decoration, creating a simple yet elegant atmosphere, while violet lightning adds a touch...
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...thought about a school in my dreams. But now I have clear idea about my dream school. My ideal school would be built in nature. It would be a big school with all kinds of sports, football, basketball, tennis, handball, etc. and there would be many activities, gardening, cooking, and aquarelle. In my ideal school there would be fifty classes with complete accessories (computers, calculators, internet, stationary...). The school would have three floors and on the first floor there would be a gym and there would also be a pool on this floor. In the corridor would be automat for coffee, tea and other drinks. On the second floor, would be Math class and Science class. In the Math class there would be a board and desks. On the teacher's desk would be a computer and TV. In the science class there would be special desks and many tools for students to work with. Also there would be laptops for students, to use to find information. In the corridor we would have tables and chairs and photos of famous professors. Moreover, on the third floor there would be more than one language class. That the student could choose to learn, like Arabic, English and French. In every class there would be interactive whitebeards and on the desks there would be computers, to help students communicate with other students, in different countries. Lessons would take fifty minutes and breaks would be thirty minutes. Students could buy food in school canteen and sits on the comfortable sofa, not on the typical...
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...RES ELEVATOR 1 STORAGE ROOM RES ELEVATOR 4 SERVICE LOBBY G.WC. ELEC ROOM L.WC. SERVICE ELEVATOR UR STORAGE ROOM RES ELEVATOR 3 UR OFFICE ELEVATOR 4 UR OFFICE ELEVATOR 3 OFFICE ELEVATOR 6 COPY ROOM GAR. CHT. STAIRCASE 2 G.WC. OFFICE CORRIDOR THIS WALL IS TO BE DEMOLISHED COMPLETELY hoshan 6 R1 5.0 R1 projects 65 .0 AS BUILT, DEMOLITION PLAN EXISTING CONCRETE BASE FLOOR OFFICE ELEVATOR 5 OFFICE ELEVATOR 1 RES ELEVATOR 3 RES ELEVATOR 1 SERVICE ELEVATOR RES ELEVATOR 4 OFFICE ELEVATOR 6 UR OFFICE ELEVATOR 2 RES ELEVATOR 2 UR OFFICE ELEVATOR 4 UR OFFICE ELEVATOR 3 EXISTING RAISED FLOOR THE SAME FLOORING TO BE USED AS PER EXISTING WET AREAS THE SAME FLOORING TO BE USED AS PER EXISTING WET AREAS EXISTING CONCRETE FLOOR REMOVE EXISTING CONCRETE FLOOR AND INSTALL RAISED FLOOR REMOVE EXISTING RAISED FLOOR AND INSTALL CONCRETE FLOOR REMOVE EXISTING CONCRETE FLOOR AND INSTALL RAISED FLOOR NOTES: SERVICE ELEVATOR L.WC. OFFICES LIFT LOBBY OFFICE ELEVATOR 5 OFFICE ELEVATOR 1 RES...
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...Architecture, and placed accessible design an importance because of his paralyzed state. He directed and established his firm Michael Graves & Associates. This commission was in Fort Wayne, Indiana for two of his High School friends (The Hanselmanns). The program was set to accommodate a family of 6: 2 adults and 4 children and without further known restrictions which let to many Architectural Intentions. The Hanselmann House is primarily designed as a white double cube with three layered facades. These three layered facades gave the transition between exterior spaces as well as a layering of the façade creating a complexity of form among these transitions. The house is divided into three floors and is mostly white with the exception of the use of yellow, blue, red, and a mural in the ground floor. The most important design principle for The Hanselmann House is the use of 4 of Le Corbusier’s Five Points. The Hanselmann House shows 4 Points through the use of pillars along the Southside of the home and with the elevation of...
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...charaCteristiCS OF THE BUILDING – ASSESSMENT OF THE EXISTING CONDITION C.2 EFFECT OF THE EXISTING BUILDING ON THE OVERALL DESIGN C.3 LAOUT AND OPERATION DESIGN – HOTEL C.4 DESIGN C.5 TRAFFIC COVER REPORT 1 IdentifiCATION DATA Project: Location: Cadastre Area: Investor: Design Team: ……………………………. ……………………………. ……………………………. 2 LIST OF REFERENCE DOCUMENTS - elementary consultations with the investor - geodesic survey drawings – the existing condition - maps from IMIP 3 BASIC DATA Building A Area balance Lot area: Built-up area: Greenery: Compacted area: Total rough area of the over-ground floors Total rough area of the underground floors Total built-up space of the over-ground floors Total built-up space of the underground floors Office area: Apartments area: Retail area: Number of required parking lots according to the regulation issued by the City of Prague Municipality Number of apartments Office Building Area balance . . . Hotel area: 885m2 Number of required parking lots according to the regulation issued by the City of Prague Municipality Concept – the OFFICE BUILDING 1...
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