...Case Study N0 5 SEC – 320: Risk Loss Prevention, Emergency Planning Professor: S. W. Smith DeVry University Prepared by: MLZ Sunday, November 16, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Municipal Emergency Response to a Dirty Bomb Incident (Orlando, FL) 4 Low-level Nuclear Material Stateside and Abroad 5 Logistics of Decontamination 6 Disposal of Contaminated Property 7 Clean-Up Materials 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction According to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission a “Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) commonly known as Dirty Bomb is the combination of conventional explosives for example plain dynamite mixed with some radioactive materials.” If detonation of a dirty bomb would occur in a place consider as a vacation destination such as Orlando, Florida which happens to be a dense populated tourist location, where we find many Theme Park attractions, a major international airport, and location for many manufacturing facilities and important businesses, it would create great chaos, mayhem and devastation. Reason for the major chaos and despair is because as I just explained a dirty bomb uses dynamite, and other explosives to scatter radioactive dust, smoke, and other materials in order to inflict bodily harm, destroy property, and finally cause overwhelming mayhem with a dose of radioactive contamination. Most of the danger of a dirty bomb would come from the blast of the explosion itself; this in metropolitan populated...
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...Sunday. "There could be oil coming up 'til August." Browner told CBS's "Face The Nation," "We are prepared for the worst." Louisiana, the nearest state to BP's gushing undersea well that is 42 miles out in the Gulf of Mexico, has been the most impacted by the spill so far. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal said this week that more than 100 miles of Louisiana's 400-mile coast had so far been impacted by the spilled oil. State officials have reported sheets of oil soiling wetlands and seeping into marine and bird nurseries, leaving a stain of sticky crude on cane that binds the marshes together. Billy Nungesser, president of Plaquemines Parish, saw dying cane and "no life" in parts of Pass-a-Loutre wildlife refuge. "Oil debris", in the form of tar balls and surface "sheen", has also been reported coming ashore since the April 20 accident in outlying parts of coastal Mississippi and Alabama. In the week of May 17, Coast Guard officials found tar balls on some beaches in the Florida Keys, raising fears that the so-called Loop Current that runs from the Gulf of Mexico through the Florida Straits may have already brought oil from the spill far to the southeast. But laboratory tests subsequently showed the tar balls were not from the BP spill. FISHERIES The U.S. government has declared a "fishery disaster" in the seafood-producing states of...
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...(SW) and Total Length of the Lyngbya filaments were measured from photomicrographs of the samples using Image Tool (Version 3.00) developed by the University of Texas Health Science in San Antonio (UTHSCSA). Lyngbya filaments in all cultures enriched with the Hughes medium obtained significantly higher TL and TW over those of the control treatment. But enrichment of the agar medium did not result in an increase of sheath widths. Filaments cultured in 1.5% and 2% enriched agar showed contamination. Those in 1% nutrient concentration had comparable growth, but no contamination. Furthermore, Lyngbya cultured in enriched agar did not grow beyond the area of inoculation. Isolation was also more difficult in agar than in the liquid control medium. INTRODUCTION As early as the 1900s, Lyngbya sp. blooms were documented in the areas of Eastern Moreton Bay and Bribie Island in Australia (Abal & Lawn, 2004). Lyngbya is a genus which is composed of species which are usually inhabitants of the sea. Numerous species reside in estuarine places and in brackish channels. Others are found in freshwater areas and thermal springs (Harvey, 1857). Lyngbya has been found to be a nuisance in the areas of South Eastern United States. It is a cyanobacteria which lives naturally in the benthic zone (Gross & Martin, 1996). In recent studies,...
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...Ecotoxicology (2009) 18:522–536 DOI 10.1007/s10646-009-0310-9 Assessment of environmental contamination using feathers of Bubulcus ibis L., as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution, Pakistan Riffat Naseem Malik Æ Naila Zeb Accepted: 6 April 2009 / Published online: 6 May 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 Abstract Concentrations of metals such as Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed in the feathers of cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) from three breeding colonies in the Punjab province, Pakistan. The mean concentrations of Ca, Cd, Fe, Pb and Mn were significantly different between the three study sites (River Chenab, River Ravi and Rawal Lake Reservoir). The mean concentrations of Ca, Cd, Fe and Mn were significantly greater at the River Chenab heronry and Cr, Co, Zn, and Pb concentrations at the River Ravi heronry. The feathers of cattle egrets collected from the Rawal Lake Reservoir heronry were least contaminated. Multivariate statistical methods viz., Factor Analysis based on Principal Component Analysis (FA/PCA); Hierarchical Cluster analyses (HACA), and Correlation Analyses identified relatively similar associations of metals and their sources of input. Metals such as Ca, Mg, and K were related with natural input from parent rock material whereas trace metals viz., Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Ni, and Zn were associated mainly with anthropogenic processes. Metals such as Fe, Mn, and Li were either correlated with natural input or with anthropogenic...
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...Waste Management 33 (2013) 1237–1250 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Waste Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/wasman Review Electronic waste management approaches: An overview Peeranart Kiddee a,b, Ravi Naidu a,b,⇑, Ming H. Wong c a Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia c Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China b a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 27 July 2012 Accepted 8 January 2013 Available online 10 February 2013 Keywords: Electronic waste Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Material Flow Analysis (MFA) Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) a b s t r a c t Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest-growing pollution problems worldwide given the presence if a variety of toxic substances which can contaminate the environment and threaten human health, if disposal protocols are not meticulously managed. This paper presents an overview of toxic substances present in e-waste, their potential environmental and human health impacts together with management strategies currently being used in certain countries. Several tools including Life...
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...Perspective A. Deep Business School, Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK Email: a.deep@lboro.ac.uk || Phone: +44.1509 223176 S. Dani Business School, Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK Email: s.dani@lboro.ac.uk || Phone: +44.1509228830 POMS 20th Annual Conference Orlando, Florida U.S.A. May 1 to May 4, 2009 Introduction Food is a fundamental requisite for human existence. An agrarian society shows the simplistic form of existence where agriculture forms the core of the society and is the prime means of support and sustenance. That, however, no longer remains the foundation of most of today’s developed economies where food chains are increasingly becoming complex and multi tiered. The chains start with agriculture and ends ultimately, with household consumption. But the numbers of entities between these ends encompass geographical, economic, political and social extremes. This compounded over uncertainty occurring from natural disasters, climate changes, epidemics and terrorist threats place the food supply chain in a particularly vulnerable position. The recent Chinese milk scare which left thousands of Chinese babies ill after consuming melamine tainted milk powder produced by the Chinese Sanlu Group required urgent action by New Zealand, United States and the European Union to issue product warnings to contain the spread of melamine related kidney failure amongst infants in other countries. The more recent case of Salmonella outbreak in America traced...
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...Zox by Susan Photos he s from t Excerpt With de ion GNuLiINE Broadcast DiscussPBS FRO T Welcome to POISONED WATERS This discussion guide and DVD are drawn from the PBS FRONTLINE investigative report, POISONED WATERS with Hedrick Smith as correspondent. In that program, we showed the kinds of pollution now contaminating America’s waterways, political obstacles blocking restoration of great estuaries like Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound, and some local strategies that have scored successes. We have designed this kit to stimulate public discussion of effective techniques and crucial issues of educational reform. It is intended for teachers, parents, principals, administrators and anyone interested in improving public schools. Photo by: Susan Zox How To Use This Guide This guide can be used either with a DVD of the two-hour documentary, POISONED WATERS, or with the special DVD clip reel of program excerpts. The guide is broken into several sections. On pages 1 and 22, you’ll find a description of the main elements of the program. Pages 2-21 set out ten topics for discussion, selected to highlight important issues in protecting our waters. For example, stormwater runoff, agricultural pollution, new chemical contaminants, how grass-roots action can force a Superfund cleanup or control development. Each topic is covered by a two-page write-up and suggested questions. A matching video segment illustrates the issue. Select a topic and read the summary. Watch the matching segment on...
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...damaged and was leaking oil from the British Petroleum (BP) Oil Refinery into the Gulf of Mexico. In a report on the incident issued by BP on September 8, the company admitted that there were weaknesses in the cement design and testing. It is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. BP is the third largest energy company and the fourth largest company in the world. BP is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Its largest division is BP America, which is the biggest producer of oil and gas in the United States and is headquartered in Houston, Texas. (Wikipedia, 2010) This significant oil spill poses a serious threat to people, industries, businesses, wildlife and beaches along the coastal areas of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. The spill continues to cause extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats as well as the Gulf's fishing and tourism industries. BP states that they will recruit a series of teams to clean-up the shorelines and workers will receive safety training before clean-up takes place. Floating containment booms along with skimmers, dispersants and microbes, and high tech centrifuge separators were used for the clean-up. On July 15, the leak was stopped by capping the wellhead, it was estimated that 53,000 barrels per day was escaping from the well just before it was capped. On September 19, the relief well process was successfully completed and the federal government...
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...This page intentionally left blank Office of Solid Waste And Emergency Response (5102G) EPA 542-R-04-015 September 2004 www.epa.gov/tio clu-in.org/marketstudy Cleaning Up the Nation’s Waste Sites: Markets and Technology Trends 2004 Edition This page intentionally left blank Notice Preparation of this report has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under contract number 68-W-03-038. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use. This document is intended for information purposes and does not create new nor alter existing Agency policy or guidance. The document does not impose any requirements or obligations on EPA, states, other federal agencies, or the regulated community. A limited number of printed copies of Cleaning Up the Nation’s Waste Sites: Markets and Technology Trends, 2004 Edition is available free of charge by mail or by facsimile from: U.S. EPA/National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP) P.O. Box 42419 Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419 Telephone: 513-489-8190 or 800-490-9198 Fax: 513-489-8695 A portable document format (PDF) version of this report is available for viewing or downloading from the Hazardous Waste Cleanup Information (CLU-IN) web site at http://clu-in.org/marketstudy. Printed copies can also be ordered through that web address, subject to availability. For More Information For more information about remediation...
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...Negative impacts of Dinoflagellate algae: economic, ecologic, and human health hazards ABSTRACT Increasing pollution both atmospheric and oceanic are encouraging algal growth and increasing the frequency and geographic range of high density dinoflagellate blooms. Public health and economic impacts, as well as negative ecological effects of the aquatic environment are increasing the scientific research done on toxic dinoflagellate species. Contaminated bivalves are causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in humans (DSP); with the number of cases increasing steadily in the last 40 years. Toxins released by certain species of the phylum dinoflagellate are the cause of this spreading contamination. Algal bloom locations are dictated by water currents and synaptic weather patterns, and their movement makes it difficult to pinpoint the origin of these blooms. Measuring the level of toxins in shellfish is currently the best way to chart the growing density of these blooms, and to prove the masses of algae are of growing concern. In this review the negative impact dinoflagellate algal blooms are having on aquaculture, human health hazards, and reasons for the increasing frequencies/densities of blooms will be covered; additional information on the shortcomings of incomplete scientific data complied on algal blooms and why scientific research is now being sought after will be reviewed. BACKGROUND Few species of phytoplankton produce...
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...Sanitation in Coastal Communities with Special Reference to Puerto Princesa, Palawan Province, Philippines Table of Contents Acknowledgments (see below) Abstract (see below) Resumé (see below) Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Thesis Rationale 1.2 Goals and Objectives of the Thesis 1.3 Research Methodology 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1.5 Organization of the Thesis Chapter 2 General Scenario of Sanitation Problems in Coastal and Waterfront Communities--A Literature Review 2.1 Reasons for Settling on Coastal, Waterfront and Low-lying Areas 2.2 Sanitation Problems 2.3 Health and Environmental Conditions Chapter 3 Low-Cost Sanitation Systems used in Coastal and Waterfront Communities--A Literature Review 3.1 Available Low-Cost Sanitation Technologies 3.2 Sanitation Systems Used in Coastal and Waterfront Communities Chapter 4 The Case Study 4.1 Community Background 4.2 * Chapter 5 Results of Field Survey-- Analysis of Existing Sanitation in the Coastal Communities of Puerto Princesa 5.1 Basis of Analysis 5.2 Existing Environmental Sanitation 5.3 Health Condition and Observed Hygienic Practices related to Sanitation and Water Supply Chapter 6 Essential Factors for the Provision of Sanitation Systems in Coastal Communities 6.1 Considerations in the Provision of Sanitation Systems 6.2 Sanitation Systems Options Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 7.1 Summary of Existing sanitation Problems 7.2 Key Considerations in the Provision of Sanitation Systems ...
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...Center of National Park Research Institute, Hongdo, Heuksan, Shinan, Jeonnam 535-916, South Korea d PGA Wetland Ecology Institute, 240-2, Dejang, Deokyang, Goyang City, Gyeonggi 412-250, South Korea e Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje 656-834, South Korea f Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 608-737, South Korea b a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Marine debris Entanglement Ingestion Threatened species Recreational fishing gear a b s t r a c t Over the last decade, marine debris has become a major factor affecting the coastal ecosystem of Korea. This study compiled information regarding how marine debris impacts wildlife in Korea. Cases of marine debris impacting wildlife were collected from experts of various fields and from local participants through an open access website from February 2010 to March 2012. A total of 21 species were affected by marine debris: 18 species of birds, 2 species of mammals, and 1 species of crustacean. Five threatened or protected species were identified: black-faced spoonbill, finless porpoise, water deer, whooper swan, and greater painted snipe. Recreational fishing gears were the types of...
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...died within weeks and another 8,000 have since died from gas- related diseases.[4][5] A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.[6] UCIL was the Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide Corporation (UCC), with Indian Government controlled banks and the Indian public holding a 49.1 percent stake. In 1994, the Supreme Court of India allowed UCC to sell its 50.9 percent share. Union Carbide sold UCIL, the Bhopal plant operator, to Eveready Industries India Limited in 1994. The Bhopal plant was later sold to McLeod Russel (India) Ltd. Dow Chemical Company purchased UCC in 2001. Civil and criminal cases are pending in the United States District Court, Manhattan and the District Court of Bhopal, India, involving UCC, UCIL employees, and Warren Anderson, UCC CEO at the time of the disaster.[7][8] In June 2010, seven exemployees, including the former UCIL chairman, were convicted in Bhopal of causing death...
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...sources of biofuels can help the world reduce its dependence on petroleum products and natural gas. Biofuels can be converted into liquid, solid and gaseous fuels with the help of some physical, chemical and biological conversion processes. The conversion of biofuel material has a precise objective to transform a carbonaceous solid material, which is originally difficult to handle, bulky and of low energy concentration, into fuels having physico-chemical characteristics that permit economic storage and transferability through pumping systems. The use of biofuel products provides substantial benefits as far as the environment is concerned. A simulation study has been carried out to arrive at the power output under limiting conditions as well as perform changes in the fuel gas system for the augmentation. The simulation study has been carried out on the simulation software Aspen HYSYS and the findings show that, the available fuel gas obtained from the biomass can be optimally used for the power generation in the gas turbine. Keywords: mathematical optimization, computer simulation, biomass gasification, gas turbines 1. INTRODUCTION...
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...British Petroleum (BP) Case Study Executive Summary This case study report examined a public relation management problem that British Petroleum (BP) faced since the oil spill accident happened in April, 2010. In addition, this thesis recommended possible solutions and implementation plans for BP to deal with the public crisis. On April 20, the explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico led to the largest accidental release of oil into marine waters in history. As a result, a huge loss of money and life was caused and affected serious environmental damage to wild animals and water pollution. BP was accused of their irresponsibility that it took 87 days before the well was closed and sealed. BP’s shares plummeted to the lowest point since 1996. The communities around the Gulf of Mexico blamed BP for their carelessness and appealed for more actions to recover their low income life. BP has already established $20 billion fund to respond the situation in the Gulf of Mexico. However, according to recent research, the amount of the money is not enough to straighten out the crisis. In order to examine the case, we performed PEST and SWOT analysis methods. We focused on evaluating economic and socio-cultural factors that were the major elements had affects on BP’s public image. At the same time, we analyzed and key strengths and opportunities that essential for BP to revitalize its brand image. Our analysis revealed two crucial factors. First, BP’s own...
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