...The Flynn Effect 1. Question 1 In my opinion is important to define the meaning of “getting smarter” and I think it is to have achieved a greater level of consciousness about the world and opportunities around us. Taken this point we can say that the environment created by us is constantly changing reflecting the goals achieved in the research and in the science, due this consideration, actually there are better instruments to learn and to help people to unlock their potentials through the studying. It means that the level of education is getting higher generation by generation, and the gap between the new one and the old one seems to getting bigger. As a response of this situation, the level of competition and preparation required by the job market has risen in the last decades and it is seems that the only way to follow this path is to be smarter than the others, pushing up the average level of intelligence. 2. Question 2 I agree with the first, the second and the third point because they consider the evolution of the environment as a key factor in the achievement of a greater intellectual activity. Considering the fourth point I am partially disagree about the genes for the intelligence, because I think that the level of intelligence does not depend on something inherited. For example, if we think to shift the children of rich family with the ones of a poor one at the moment of the birth, I think...
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...the left side of the curve. But the Flynn Effect appears to be at the end of its days in Europe, at least. This from the Times:- WE ARE ABOUT AS SMART AS WE’RE GOING TO GET, SAYS IQ PIONEER * Test Results are starting to level out * Morality skills are the next step It is a common refrain, repeated in response to every new television reality show and every bumper crop of school exam results: society is dumbing down. Scientists have long argued the opposite, pointing to the now widely accepted “Flynn effect”, which shows that over the past century average IQ scores have improved across the developed world, irrespective of class or creed. Now the man who first observed this effect, the psychologist James Flynn, has made another observation: intelligence test scores have stopped rising. Far from indicating that now we really are getting dumber, this may suggest that certain of our cognitive functions have reached — or nearly reached — the upper limits of what they will ever achieve, Professor Flynn believes. In other words, we can’t get much better at the mental tasks we are good at, no matter how hard we try. If we are to make any further progress, we will have to start exercising different parts of our brain, particularly the parts controlling language acquisition and empathy, according to Professor Flynn, an emeritus professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand. So a couple of observations about this. First, the Flynn Effect has been tossed into more IQ arguments...
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...Introduction Grade inflation has been a subject of debate and concern for several years. Grade inflation is “Oversupply of higher grades” (Kassahun, 2008, p. 33). It simply means ''an increasing proportion of excellent grades scored by college students without evidence of a concurrent increase in their actual performance'' (Kassahun, 2008, p. 33). There are several reasons that could contribute to the grade inflation, some of which are considered to be sin. Achen and Courant (2009) point out continuing increases in average grades have been widely documented in many universities over the several decades. They concur systematic differences in grade levels by field of study is associated with grade inflation. Achen and Courant (2009) argue, they find it difficult to explain persistence of these relative differences than persistence of modest grade inflation in general. The article was primarily focussed to understand these differences, by analysing the detailed data they had from College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LSA) at the University of Michigan. Achen and Courant (2009) study was limited to Michigan’s College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LSA) with 16000 students. LSA provides the basic science and math courses to students in the College of Engineering, which is the second-largest undergraduate College at Michigan. The data is from 25 departments from Fall 1992 through Winter 2008. Main claims and evidence or arguments used in the article Achen and Courant...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. ...
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...demographic. So it begs the question, are children smarter because of the internet? So how do we define what “smarter” actually means? Smarter can mean many different things to different people. Smart is often defined as the general mental ability to learn and apply knowledge to manipulate your environment. But other definitions include the ability to evaluate and judge, the ability to comprehend complex ideas, the capacity for original and productive thought, the ability to learn quickly and learn from experience, and even the ability to comprehend relationships. Intelligence or smarts are measured by an Intelligence Quotient or IQ test, which has shown increases in IQ from generation to generation. The Flynn effect is research that was conducted by James Flynn, who discovered that IQ scores increased from one generation to the next for all countries in which the data has existed. His research has shown that countries have seen generational increases between 5 and 25 points. A potential cause of IQ gains may be that the level of education has increased. People are spending larger amount of time learning and being examined in formal education. While others may argue that IQ gains are caused by societal changes. The parent goals are to protect, educate, and set their children up for success. Parents strive to want nothing but the best for their children and that includes technology. Often...
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...Louis Leon Thurstone made significant contributions in many areas of psychology, including psychometrics, statistics, and the study of human intelligence. He developed methods for scaling psychological measures, assessing attitudes, and test theory, among many other influential contributions. He is best known for the development of new factor analytic techniques to determine the number and nature of latent constructs within a set of observed variables. Thurstone considers intelligence as a mental trait and the capacity to make impulses focal at their early, unfinished stage of formation. To him therefore, Intelligence is the capacity for abstraction, which is an inhibitory process. Zeichner (2007) defines intelligence as the ability to learn quickly, solve problems, understand complex and abstract issues and generally behave in a reasonable, rational and purposeful manner. Intelligence derives from the Latin verb intelligere, which means to comprehend or perceive. It is the mental quality that consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situation, understand and handle abstract concepts and use knowledge to manipulate ones environment. Intelligence can also be described as being able to think logically, analyze issues, and solve problems and to cope with life in a new environment. Thurstone (1887-1955) offered a differing theory of intelligence. Instead of viewing intelligence as a single, general ability, Thurstone's theory focused on seven different...
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...Intelligence has been defined in different ways, including the abilities, but not limited to, abstract thought, understanding, being self aware,communication, reasoning, learning, having emotional knowledge, retaining, planning, and problem solving. Intelligence is most widely studied in humans, but has also been observed in animals and plants. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines or the simulation of intelligence in machines. Numerous definitions of and hypotheses about intelligence have been proposed since before the twentieth century, with no consensus reached by scholars. Within the discipline of psychology, various approaches to human intelligence have been adopted. The psychometricapproach is especially familiar to the general public, as well as being the most researched and by far the most widely used in practical settings.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 History of the term * 2 Definitions * 3 Human intelligence * 3.1 Psychometrics * 3.2 Other theories * 3.3 Evolution of intelligence * 3.4 Improving intelligence * 4 Animal and plant intelligence * 5 Artificial intelligence * 6 See also * 7 References * 8 Further reading * 9 External links | ------------------------------------------------- [edit]History of the term Main article: Nous Intelligence derives from the Latin verb intelligere which derives from inter-legere meaning to "pick out" or discern. A form of this verb, intellectus, became the medieval technical...
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...order and the effect it has on a person’s intelligence. Some researchers feel that first-born children have higher IQ’s than that of their younger siblings. It has been said that first-born children are natural leaders. Siblings of first-born children perceive them to be academically smarter. Eldest children are known to perform higher on standardize testing than younger children in the family. Other researchers have stated that family size/home life, age of mother and circumstances around the birth of each individual child determines where they are intellectually. Researchers need to look at every aspect of the child’s life before they decide which child is smarter. Intelligence and Birth Order: Are They Connected? Birth order is where a person ranks in regards to age among their siblings, from oldest to youngest and vice-versa. There is much debate on the relationship between a person birth order and how intelligent we are. Many studies have been done to determine if there is a link to the firstborn having a higher IQ in general compared to their siblings. Some people would agree that birth order has a profound influence over intelligence; however, others are in opposition to this. The opposition feels that birth order has no effect when it comes to intelligence. Does birth order cause children to have lower or higher intellect or is this caused by factors within the home? There have been many studies over the last century to explore the effects of birth order...
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...of the Flynn Effect Janet Meadows Northcentral University NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student: Janet Meadows THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Follow these procedures: If requested by your instructor, please include an assignment cover sheet. This will become the first page of your assignment. In addition, your assignment header should include your last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number. This should be left justified, with the page number right justified. For example: MEADOWSJEDU7003-3 1 Save a copy of your assignments: You may need to re-submit an assignment at your instructor’s request. Make sure you save your files in accessible location. Academic integrity: All work submitted in each course must be your own original work. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by your instructor. Knowingly submitting another person’s work as your own, without properly citing the source of the work, is considered plagiarism. This will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course. It may also result in academic dismissal from the University. EDU7003 Sunny Liu Statistics I #3 This is my interpretation of the Flynn Effect…. Hope you enjoy. Faculty Use Only Another Interpretation of the Flynn Effect The Flynn Effect has been...
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...are controversial testes designed to ascertain a person’s general intellectual abilities (Robins et al., 2015, p.53). A substantial amount of intellectual ability is said to be inherited (Robins et al., 2015, p.62). A New Zealand political philosopher name James Flynn does research on intelligence and his resulted are called the “Flynn effect” (Wikipedia, n.d). Flynn Effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world from roughly 1930 to the present day (Wikipedia, n.d). Robins et al. (2015) states that now Flynn is saying that though the scores continue to rise, it would “probably be better to say that we are “more modern” than “smarter” (p.62). Three questions that will be answered in this text will be: (1) Do you believe people are really getting smarter? (2) How do you reconcile Flynn’s recent description of the modern mind with the General Social Survey’s findings that U.S. adults preform poorly on scientific questions and aren’t knowledgeable about scientific method? and (3) If the Flynn effect is real, does this undermine the theory that IQ is mostly inherited? Keywords: intelligence abilities, Flynn effect, IQ Case Incident 1 Levitating IQs Questions 2.16. Do you believe people are really getting smarter? Why or why not? I believe people are getting depended on technology, which isn’t making people smarter in my opinion. Technology has advanced over the years...
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...Case 1 THE FLYNN EFFECT Given that a substantial amount of intellectual ability (up to 80 percent) is inherited, it might surprise you to learn that intelligence test scores are rising. In fact, scores have risen so dramatically that today's great-grandparents seem mentally deficient by comparison. First, let's review the evidence for rising test scores. Then, we'll review explanations for the results. On an IQ scale where 100 is the average, scores have been rising about 3 points per decade, meaning that if your grandparent scored 100, the average score for our generation would be around 115. That's a pretty big difference - about a standard deviation - meaning that someone who's from your grandparent's generation whose score was at the 84th percentile would only be average (50th) percentile by today's norms. James Flynn is a New Zealand researcher credited with first documenting the rising scores. He first reported the results in 1984, when he found that almost everyone who took a well-validated IQ test in the 1970s did better than those who took it in the 1940s. The results appear to hold up across cultures. Test scores are rising not only in the United States but in most other countries in which the effect has been tested, too. What explains the Flynn Effect? Researchers are not entirely sure, but some of the explanations offered are: 1. Education. Students today are better educated than their ancestors, and education leads to higher test scores...
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...to rely on technology more for certain things like spelling and especially arithmetic. 2-17) How do you reconcile Flynn’s recent description the modern mind with the General Social Survey’s findings that U.S. adults perform poorly on scientific questions and aren’t knowledgeable about scientific method? I agree with Flynn’s description about our minds becoming more modern and not smarter. I also agree with his statement that U.S. adults perform poorly on scientific questions because they are not knowledgeable about the scientific method. I believe with modern technology things are taught differently in class and people learn quickly and forget quickly. 2-18) If the Flynn effect is real, does this undermine the theory that IQ is mostly inherited? Why or why not? No I do not believe that the Flynn effect undermines the theory that IQ is inherited. I also believe that most IQ is inherited however year after year the minds of people are becoming more modernized. Case Incident 2- The Treasure Trove of the Aging Workforce 2-19) What changes in employment relationships are likely to occur as the population ages? As the population ages possible changes in employment relationships could be the constant increase in experience, increase of loyalty, and possibly a positive work ethic. However as the population ages they can become less advanced in technology as it continues to advance in itself. 2-20) Do you think increasing age diversity will create new challenges for managers...
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...Case Incident: The Flynn Effect 1. Do you believe people are really getting smarter? In my opinion, I believe people are getting smarter because of the intellectual ability. The Flynneffect is the name given to a substantial and long-sustained increase in intelligence test scoresmeasured in many parts of the world. It is not easy to answer this question without having a deepknowledge about it. In my opinion, people are really getting smarter as compare to their relationsor intellectual ability. It’s the capacity to do mental activities, such as thinking, reasoning, a nd problem solving. There are many factors that can prove my ides, such as computers, robots,skyscraper buildings, satellites and so on. To build or create such a kind of amazing things weneed smart people. I am not going to say that the people who lived in the past were not smart. Iam just going to say that as compare to past, nowadays people are getting smarter. Today we arenot just studying only one subject; we are studying multiple subjects and fields. There are manynew subjects come up by time passes. Today we have many opportunities for studying, becausenew technologies can help us to study more efficiently. For instance, computer and internetforces people to think more abstractly. Whatever we need we can find from internet within fewseconds. 2. Which of the factors explaining the Flynn Effect do you accept? The Flynn Effect has given the most suitable factors in this case. He explained four differentfactors...
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...EXPOSITORY ESSAY NAMES AND THEIR IMPACT TO THE SOCIETY How my two names came to be are solely my parents’ property rights, for if I only had spoken just a minute after birth, or if children be allowed to choose names by themselves, then I would have chosen a strange name like no other. It is because there are impacts of names to society which seem to be irreversible and critical. According to my father, “Errol” was derived from Errol Flynn, an Australian-born American Actor during the 1930’s, who was known for his handsome, romantic swashbuckling roles in Hollywood films like Captain Blood (1935), The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936), The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939), and The Sea Hawk (1940) and for playing American Heroes such as Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer in They Died with Their Boots On (1942). He was also known for his playboy lifestyle which ruined his career. The second name “Wynstan” was my father’s discretion. He read Barbara Cartland’s “No Time For Love,” where Wynstan played the good-looking and well-mannered guy who took courage to find and woo Larina Milton, the girlfriend of his elder brother who died of cancer. My first names are a destined identity. I shall carry that name in all transactions, wherever I go, whatever I do, for better such as Doctor Errol, Professor Errol, Attorney Errol or for worst, WANTED: ERROL with one million cash above my head for being a serial killer, or...
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... Julia Lawton is a freshman at Harrisonburg High School, both a ballet dancer and instructor at Skyline Middle School. Lawton has been a ballet dancer ever since she was a young girl: her passion for dance has been growing since. “I started dancing when I was four years old, [So pretty much]my entire life, and it's so important to me. I have studied ballet, jazz, modern and tap dancing at Harrisonburg Parks and Recreation and Dance and Company. “I plan to continue with dance and make it my career,” Lawton Said “I have been an assistant dance teacher for many years at Harrisonburg Parks and Recreation, and will be officially team-teaching classes with my dance partner Sophia [Thomas] during the 2017-2018 school year,” Lawton said. To Lawton,ballet is a way of showing people your thoughts through actions. “Ballet is a chance to communicate ideas through movement. The discipline of ballet is really important to me because it forces me to focus in order to be in control. Even though ballet is performed for others, I think of ballet as something I do for myself. I have to be motivated to work hard and get better,” Lawton said. Even as her skills increase through the years, there is always room for practice and improvement. “In order to improve as a dancer, you need to have a lot of control over your body and have the power and determination to make it happen. It's always okay to make a mistake or fall out of a turn; personally, I struggle with this. I often get very caught up in...
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